Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm

ENDOCRINOLOGO en CONSULTORIOS EL GOLF -CLINICA SAN FELIPE
23 de Dec de 2017
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm
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Nuevos tratamiento farmacologicos en dbm

Notas del editor

  1. Potential sequences of antihyperglycemic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes are displayed, the usual transition being vertical, from top to bottom (although horizontal movement within therapy stages is also possible, depending on the circumstances). The figure denotes relative glucose lowering efficacy, risk of hypoglycemia, effect on body weight, other side effects and approximate relative cost for each drug class. In most patients, begin with lifestyle changes; metformin monotherapy is added at, or soon after, diagnosis, unless there are contraindications.
  2. Potential sequences of antihyperglycemic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes are displayed, the usual transition being vertical, from top to bottom (although horizontal movement within therapy stages is also possible, depending on the circumstances). The figure denotes relative glucose lowering efficacy, risk of hypoglycemia, effect on body weight, other side effects and approximate relative cost for each drug class. In most patients, begin with lifestyle changes; metformin monotherapy is added at, or soon after, diagnosis, unless there are contraindications.
  3. Potential sequences of antihyperglycemic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes are displayed, the usual transition being vertical, from top to bottom (although horizontal movement within therapy stages is also possible, depending on the circumstances). The figure denotes relative glucose lowering efficacy, risk of hypoglycemia, effect on body weight, other side effects and approximate relative cost for each drug class. In most patients, begin with lifestyle changes; metformin monotherapy is added at, or soon after, diagnosis, unless there are contraindications.
  4. Potential sequences of antihyperglycemic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes are displayed, the usual transition being vertical, from top to bottom (although horizontal movement within therapy stages is also possible, depending on the circumstances). The figure denotes relative glucose lowering efficacy, risk of hypoglycemia, effect on body weight, other side effects and approximate relative cost for each drug class. In most patients, begin with lifestyle changes; metformin monotherapy is added at, or soon after, diagnosis, unless there are contraindications.
  5. Potential sequences of antihyperglycemic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes are displayed, the usual transition being vertical, from top to bottom (although horizontal movement within therapy stages is also possible, depending on the circumstances). The figure denotes relative glucose lowering efficacy, risk of hypoglycemia, effect on body weight, other side effects and approximate relative cost for each drug class. In most patients, begin with lifestyle changes; metformin monotherapy is added at, or soon after, diagnosis, unless there are contraindications.
  6. Here is a diagrammatic representation of the approximate pharmacokinetic properties of various insulin formulations. Understanding the onset, peak and duration of action of insulin products is key for successful management of patients with diabetes.
  7. Basal insulin alone is usually the optimal initial regimen, beginning at 0.1-0.2 U/kg body weight, depending on the degree of hyperglycemia. It is usually prescribed in conjunction with 1-2 non-insulin agents, although insulin secretagogues (sulfonylureas, meglitinides) are typically stopped once more complex regimens beyond basal insulin are utilized. In patients still not at target after basal insulin has been adequately titrated, and the patient is willing to take >1 injections, there are several options. First, consider GLP-1 receptor agonists (see Fig. 2). The combination of basal insulin + GLP-1RA is becoming well established after several studies confirmed its efficacy on par with more complex multi-dose insulin regimens, but with less hypoglycemia and with weight loss instead of weight gain. If such an approach is not possible or has been tried and proven unsuccessful, there are 3 possible advanced insulin regimens: Adding 1 injection of a rapid acting insulin analogue before the largest meal, Adding 2-3 injections of a rapid acting insulin analogue before 2-3 meals, or Using premixed insulin BID Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages. The figure describes the number of injections required at each stage, together with the relative complexity and flexibility. A fourth, less common method (not shown) is referred to as ‘self-mixed split’ and involves 2 injections of NPH mixed with regular human insulin (or mixed with a rapid acting insulin analogue), administered before breakfast and the evening meal. This is a more cost-effective approach, using human insulins in vials, and allows self-adjustment by the patient of the short/rapid-acting component, based on pre-meal blood glucose or anticipated carbohydrate intake (or both.)   Once a strategy is initiated, titration of the insulin dose is important, with dose adjustments made based on the prevailing BG levels as reported by the patient. Comprehensive education regarding self-monitoring of BG, diet, exercise, and the avoidance of, and response to, hypoglycemia are critical in any patient on insulin therapy.
  8. Basal insulin alone is usually the optimal initial regimen, beginning at 0.1-0.2 U/kg body weight, depending on the degree of hyperglycemia. It is usually prescribed in conjunction with 1-2 non-insulin agents, although insulin secretagogues (sulfonylureas, meglitinides) are typically stopped once more complex regimens beyond basal insulin are utilized. In patients still not at target after basal insulin has been adequately titrated, and the patient is willing to take >1 injections, there are several options. First, consider GLP-1 receptor agonists (see Fig. 2). The combination of basal insulin + GLP-1RA is becoming well established after several studies confirmed its efficacy on par with more complex multi-dose insulin regimens, but with less hypoglycemia and with weight loss instead of weight gain. If such an approach is not possible or has been tried and proven unsuccessful, there are 3 possible advanced insulin regimens: Adding 1 injection of a rapid acting insulin analogue before the largest meal, Adding 2-3 injections of a rapid acting insulin analogue before 2-3 meals, or Using premixed insulin BID Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages. The figure describes the number of injections required at each stage, together with the relative complexity and flexibility. A fourth, less common method (not shown) is referred to as ‘self-mixed split’ and involves 2 injections of NPH mixed with regular human insulin (or mixed with a rapid acting insulin analogue), administered before breakfast and the evening meal. This is a more cost-effective approach, using human insulins in vials, and allows self-adjustment by the patient of the short/rapid-acting component, based on pre-meal blood glucose or anticipated carbohydrate intake (or both.)   Once a strategy is initiated, titration of the insulin dose is important, with dose adjustments made based on the prevailing BG levels as reported by the patient. Comprehensive education regarding self-monitoring of BG, diet, exercise, and the avoidance of, and response to, hypoglycemia are critical in any patient on insulin therapy.
  9. Basal insulin alone is usually the optimal initial regimen, beginning at 0.1-0.2 U/kg body weight, depending on the degree of hyperglycemia. It is usually prescribed in conjunction with 1-2 non-insulin agents, although insulin secretagogues (sulfonylureas, meglitinides) are typically stopped once more complex regimens beyond basal insulin are utilized. In patients still not at target after basal insulin has been adequately titrated, and the patient is willing to take >1 injections, there are several options. First, consider GLP-1 receptor agonists (see Fig. 2). The combination of basal insulin + GLP-1RA is becoming well established after several studies confirmed its efficacy on par with more complex multi-dose insulin regimens, but with less hypoglycemia and with weight loss instead of weight gain. If such an approach is not possible or has been tried and proven unsuccessful, there are 3 possible advanced insulin regimens: Adding 1 injection of a rapid acting insulin analogue before the largest meal, Adding 2-3 injections of a rapid acting insulin analogue before 2-3 meals, or Using premixed insulin BID Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages. The figure describes the number of injections required at each stage, together with the relative complexity and flexibility. A fourth, less common method (not shown) is referred to as ‘self-mixed split’ and involves 2 injections of NPH mixed with regular human insulin (or mixed with a rapid acting insulin analogue), administered before breakfast and the evening meal. This is a more cost-effective approach, using human insulins in vials, and allows self-adjustment by the patient of the short/rapid-acting component, based on pre-meal blood glucose or anticipated carbohydrate intake (or both.)   Once a strategy is initiated, titration of the insulin dose is important, with dose adjustments made based on the prevailing BG levels as reported by the patient. Comprehensive education regarding self-monitoring of BG, diet, exercise, and the avoidance of, and response to, hypoglycemia are critical in any patient on insulin therapy.