2.  The thesis statement
◦ Should begin with a transition phrase (in my
opinion)
◦ Should state your opinion
◦ should only be one sentence
◦ Should state the topic
◦ Should state the focus (controlling idea)
◦ Does not need to state how many reasons
◦ Does not need to state the reasons

3.  The topic sentences
◦ Should begin with a transition word or phrase
◦ Should state the topic
◦ Should state the focus (controlling idea) of the
paragraph
◦ The focus should be a reason that directly connects
to the thesis statement

4.  Thesis statement:
◦ In my opinion, texting while driving should not be
allowed.
 Topic Sentence:
◦ First, texting while driving should not be allowed
because car accidents could occur.
◦ Another reason why texting while driving should
not be allowed is because pedestrians could be
killed when drivers are distracted by texting.

5.  Review the following slides.
 Determine whether the thesis
statements and topic sentences are
unified.
 Identify the elements that are missing, if
any.
◦ EX: is the topic missing? Is it an opinion?
 Add the missing elements.

6.  Read the thesis statement and topic
sentences that follow it. Are they unified?
◦ In my opinion, parents should not spank their children.
There are two reasons why parents should not spank
their children.
 First of all, parents should not spank their children is
because that will cause no self-confident inside their
children.
 Second, parents should not spank their children is because
their children will grow up with issues, that means because
of their parents spanking to their children and the fight with
them since they are children.

7.  Read the thesis statement and topic
sentences that follow it. Are they
unified?
◦ In my opinion, voting should not be mandatory here
in America for two reasons.
 First, the United States is democratic country.
 Another reason is that many people today are not
involve in any politics parties.

8.  Read the thesis statement and topic
sentences that follow it. Are they
unified?
◦ In my opinion, sometimes we should restrict a
freedom and I think voting should be mandatory. A
shame and development are reasons why voting
should be mandatory in the USA.
 First, some of the countries are doing a civil war for
free voting.
 Second, If citizens don’t care about their development
of community, who is going to take care?

9.  Read the thesis statement and topic
sentences that follow it. Are they
unified?
◦ In my opinion, parents should not spank their
children for two reasons.
 One of the reasons that parents should not spank their
children is that if it happens all the time, children will
not pay attention to their parents anymore.
 Second that parents should not spank their children is
that it would increase violate and lack of personality in
children’s future life or even childhood.

10.  Read the thesis statement and topic
sentences that follow it. Are they
unified?
◦ I agree that parents should spank their children for
two reasons.
 The first reason parent should spank their children is
to make them follow the rules and regulations.
 The second reason parents should spank their children
to correct make wrong doing.

11.  Read the thesis statement and topic
sentences that follow it. Are they
unified?
◦ There are two important reasons that I am agree
the parents should spank their children when is
necessary to do it.
 One of the main reason that I believe the parents
should spank their children is when the children have a
bad behavior.
 Another reason that I believe the parents should be
correct their children is when they lie.

12.  Read the thesis statement and topic
sentences that follow it. Are they
unified?
◦ In my opinion, spanking the children should be
okay to do for two reasons.
 First of all, spanking the children is a good idea
because it helps children learn from mistakes and fix
their mistakes.
 Secondly, spanking the children is a good idea because
it helps the children respect and listen to adults.

13.  Read the thesis statement and topic
sentences that follow it. Are they
unified?
◦ I think parents should spank their children lightly
for two reasons.
 The first reason for spanking the children is learning
them from their mistakes.
 The second reason for spanking the children is to
follow the rules.

14.  Read the thesis statement and topic
sentences that follow it. Are they
unified?
◦ Even though single-sex classes are a good
educational method for students, I believe that
coeducational system is much better than single-
sex classes. There are two reasons.
 First of all, boys and girls should take classes together
because it is very important to have social relationship
between boys and girls.
 Moreover, boys and girls need to work together to
overcome each gender’s weakness.

15.  Read the thesis statement and topic
sentences that follow it. Are they
unified?
◦ I strongly believe that parents should not spank
their children.
 The first reason why parents should not spank their
children is that it devalues parents.
 The second reason is that hitting doesn’t make
children behave better.

16.  Read the thesis statement and topic
sentences that follow it. Are they
unified?
◦ There are two reasons that single sex classes are
not a good idea.
 First of all, single sex classes can effect on making a
good relation with opposite sex.
 Second, single sex classes are not a good idea because
can cause mental problems like depression.

17.  Read the thesis statement and topic
sentences that follow it. Are they
unified?
◦ In my opinion, parents should not spank their
children for two reasons.
 The first reason why parents should not spank their
children is because spanking children may affect their
psychological development in the future.
 The second reason why parents should not spank their
children is because spanking children not effective.

18.  The topic sentence and concluding
sentence of a paragraph should “mirror”
each other.
 They should state the topic and
controlling idea.
 They should use different wording and
syntax whenever possible.

19. Example:
Topic sentence
First, texting while driving should not be allowed
because car accidents could occur.
Concluding sentence
In sum, because of the increased possibility of traffic
accidents, drivers should not text while driving.

21.  Review the following slides.
 Determine whether the topic sentences
and concluding sentences are unified.
 Identify the elements that are missing, if
any.
◦ EX: is the topic missing? Is it an opinion?
 Add the missing elements.

22.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 The first reason why parents should not spank their
children is because spanking children may affect their
psychological development in the future.
 Therefore, parents shouldn’t spank their children.

23.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 The second reason why parents should not spank their
children is because spanking children not effective.
 Thus, parents spanking their children is not effective
rather than harmful.

24.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 One of the reasons why I think that spanking a
children is important because the child is likely to
learn from his mistakes.
 Spanking a child is help to learn from their mistakes.

25.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 Second, spanking a children is important when nothing
else works.
 I learned that sometimes parent should spank their
child when nothing else works.

26.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 First of all, single sex classes can effect on making a good
relation with opposite sex.
 For these reasons single sex classes are not a good idea
because of negatively affecting people’s relationship.

27.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 Second, single sex classes are not a good idea because
can cause mental problems like depression.
 These are why that single sex classes are not a good idea
because it can cause depression.

28.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 The first reason why parents should not spank their
children is that it devalues parents.
 Now they are all grown up, but still they only have his
bad memories.

29.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 The second reason is that hitting doesn’t make children
behave better.
 So behaving wrong is wrong its obvious, but the handling
ways in alleviating the problems affects mentally.

30.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 First of all, boys and girls should take classes together
because it is very important to have social relationship
between boys and girls.
 For this reason, single-sex classes are not a good idea
for students.

31.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 Moreover, boys and girls need to work together to
overcome each gender’s weakness.
 Therefore, I think that boys and girls should study and
learn together.

32.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 The first reason for spanking the children is learning
them from their mistakes.
 For that reason, parents should spank their children to
learn them if they steal or lie.

33.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 The second reason for spanking the children is to follow
the rules.
 For that reason, parents should spank their children to
teach them how they follow the rules in public places.

34.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 First of all, spanking the children is a good idea
because it helps children learn from mistakes and fix
their mistakes.
 In conclusion, spanking the children will teach children
to learn their mistake and fix it.

35.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 Secondly, spanking the children is a good idea because it
helps the children respect and listen to adults.
 They will not say rude things or mean things to the adults
when they are talking.

36.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 One of the main reason that I believe the parents
should spank their children is when the children have a
bad behavior.
 Some of the children like to make attention with the
bad behavior they think their right on everything.

37.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 Another reason that I believe the parents should be correct
their children is when they lie.
 If they don’t pay the book they are not allowed to have a
book.

38.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 The second reason parents should spank their children to
correct make wrong doing.
 Parent should always spank their children to avoid or
correct the wrong doing that child might grow up with.

39.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 The first reason parent should spank their children is
to make them follow the rules and regulations.
 Children will grow up with something we teach them
when they are child so we should spank children to
make them follow rules and regulations.

40.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 One of the reasons that parents should not spank their
children is that if it happens all the time, children will
not pay attention to their parents anymore.
 Lack of respect and attention from children toward
parents is one of the reasons that parents should not
spank their children.

41.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 Second that parents should not spank their children is that
it would increase violent and lack of personality in
children’s future life or even childhood.
 To be angry and violent behavior in children is another
reason that parents should not spank their children.

42.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 First of all, parents should not spank their children is
because that will cause no self-confident inside their
children.
 This is explain why parents should not spank their
children.

43.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 Second, parents should not spank their children is because
their children will grow up with issues, that means because
of their parents spanking to their children and the fight
with them since they are children.
 This is why parents should not spank their children.

44.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 First, the United States is democratic country.
 Many things could change their decisions of voting,
people could choose.

45.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 Another reason is that many people today are not involve
in any politics parties.
 For these people, I think to vote is not important because
they found a way to express themselves.

46.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 First, some of the countries are doing a civil war for
free voting.
 If not respect others who not allow to vote, at least.

47.  Read the topic sentence and concluding
sentences below. Are they unified?
 Second, If citizens don’t care about their development of
community, who is going to take care?
 I hope all people know the election and voting is a part of
the country.