Extended Essay - Report 1
IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING AND
DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMPLOYEES IN
PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATION
MMM MUZAMIL
EDHRM /02/19
INSTITUTE OF HUMAN RESOURCE ADVANCEMENT
MAY 2013

Extended Essay - Report 2
Importance of learning and development of
the employees in the private sector
organization
An Extended Essay submitted to the Institute of Human Resource Advancement of University
of Colombo, in partial fulfillment of the Executive Diploma in Human Resource Management.

Extended Essay - Report 3
Recommendation of the Supervisor
Name of the Candidate : Mr.MMM Muzamil
Exam index number : EDHRM/02/19
Topic : Importance of learning & development of the employees in
private sector organization
I hereby certify that this extended essay was prepared under my supervision and this is in a
suitable nature to be accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Executive
Diploma in Human Resource Management.
………………………………. …………………..
Mr VNP Liyanage Date
Institute of Human Resource Advancement
University of Colombo

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Declaration
I hereby declare that this extended essay has been compiled by me and this is a true record of
my work. I declare that this work has not been previously submitted for a higher degree of this
university or other university/institution.
………………………………. …………………..
MMM Muzamil Date
EDHRM/02/19
Institute of Human Resource Advancement

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank the Management of British College of Education for giving permission to
do this study in their establishment origin and a detailed timeline HR Manager for his extensive
support and helpful for my Essay.
I would like to thank my Supervisor Mr VNP Liyanage, IHRA, University of Colombo for
helping me out with the title of this Extended essay as well as giving me the possibility to
actually do it. I would also like to thank him for being a good, supportive, and helpful
supervisor.

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Contents
Page No.
Cover page 01
Recommendation of the Supervisor 03
Declaration 04
Acknowledgement 05
Introduction / Abstract 07
Sample organizational Background 11
Analysis and Results 18
Conclusion 33
References 35

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Chapter 01
Introduction to the Research
1.1 Introduction:
Identification of learning need is important from both the organizational point of view
(employer) as well as from the individual point of view (employee) to improve their work
productivity.
Why Learning is important to employer?
Every organization has its objectives that it wants to achieve for the benefit of all stakeholders /
members including owners, employees, customers, suppliers and neighbors.
These objectives can achieve only through maximizing the abilities of its people, releasing
potential and maximizing opportunities for development. Therefore, people must know what
they need to learn in order to achieve organizational goals.
Why Learning is important to employee?
People have aspiration, they want to develop and in order to learn and use new abilities. People
need appropriate (suitable) opportunities, resources and conditions. Therefore, to meet people
aspirations, the organization must provide effective and attractive learning resources and
conditions.
Also important to make sure that there is a suitable match between achieving organizational
goals and providing attractive learning opportunities in order emphasize the importance of
learning, this can be focus on the following,
 To pinpoint if learning will make a difference in productivity in the bottom line of
employees.
 To decide what especially each employment and what will improve his / her job
performance.
 To differentiate between the need of learn / organization issues.
To pinpoint if learning / training will make a difference in productivity and the bottom line of
the employees.
 To decide what type of learning each employee needs and what will improve his or her
job performance.
 To differentiate between the need for learning and organizational issues and bring about
a match between individual aspirations and organizational goals.

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1.2 Research problem
Every organization success depends on the productivity of the organization, especially
considering in private sector the management will keeps eye on every individual performance
of the employees of the organization, the learning & development of the employees plays a
vital role of the organizational success as well as this will effect on labor turnover of the
organization as well.
How the learning & development plays the success role
1) With the mature skills will lead in to high productivity of the organization.
2) Identify and develop the potential within staff,
3) To build existing skill level, prepare staff to take on greater responsibility during their
career.
4) Career development has to balance the needs and aspirations of the individual with the
needs of the service - where these conflicts, the needs of the service should prevail.
5) Easily can face the competition in the market specially in private sector.
6) Leading to survival in the market and success.
7) Without the mature skills of employees will lead to a lower productivity of the
organization.

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1.3 Objective of the study
Learning
Learning is concerned with imparting developing specific skills for a particular purpose.
Learning is the act of increasing the skills of employees for doing a particular job. Learning is
the process of knowing a sequence of programmed behavior. In earlier practice, training
programme focused more on preparation for improved performance in particular job. Most of
the trainees used to be from operative levels like IT instructors, Assistant lecturers and other
kinds of skilled workers. When the problems of supervision increased, the steps were taken to
trained coordinators / Academic in charge for better supervision and performance.
Development
Management development is all those activities and programme when recognized and
controlled have considerable influence in changing the capacity of the individual to perform his
/ her assignment better and in going so all likely to increase his potential for future
assignments. As a result, management development is a combination of various training
programme, though some kind of training is necessary, it is the overall development of the
competency of managerial personal in the light of the present requirement as well as the future
requirement. Development an activity designed to improve the performance of existing
managers and to provide for a planned growth of managers to meet future organizational
requirements is we believe management development.
The objective of the study is to,
1) Lay down the foundation of learning and development.
2) To improve the current process of employees learning and development.
3) Gain significant practical; understand the nature and importance of training and
development to identify the various inputs that should go into any programme.
4) Define the different stages in a learning and development programme and describe
steps.
5) Understand the need for and the ways of training for international assignments.

Extended Essay - Report 10
1.5 Research method
The Research Methodology followed for further work can be classifying into two categories:
1) Primary Study
2) Secondary Study
Sampling methodology:
Initially a rough draft was prepared keeping in mind the objective of the research. A pilot study
has done in order to know accuracy. This was decided only after the discussion with my
supervisor. Thus, my sampling came out to be judgmental and continent.
Sample size for this study is 63
The interview with some of the employees has done by asking some general questions. I
encourage them to talk free.
(Interview) Experience surveys also conduct with Assistant-Manager Human Resources and
the General Manager and Personnel Officer of British College of Education to gain knowledge
about the nature of Learning and development process followed in the organization.
Why the secondary data is important:
- It is use in the collection of primary data.
- Cheap & easiest means of access information
- This data may provide enough information to resolve problem being investigated.
- This can be valuable source for new ideas.

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CHAPTER 02
Sample organizational background
Company profile:
BCE in detail British College of Education, established in July 2008, the institution registered
under Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission (TVEC) – Ministry of Youth affairs and
Skills development under P09/0145.
Approved by British Council for Student Registration Centre, CITY & GUILDS Examination
centre & LCCI Approved Training Centre and it is walking on a successful way by producing
effective students towards the society.
The British College of Education located in 585, Peradeniya Road, Kandy. BCE have
branches at Colombo and Trincomale; it has developed a lot and conducting varieties of
programs to make perfect students.
Apart from this with over 168 Hardworking people working together to produce effective
students through British College of Education, and they were working hard to bring out the
hidden talents of the students, and we proudly say that we are having literary programs by
English language lecturers panel to bring out the skills of their students.
When concern of the courses of BCE, which are flexible enough to anyone who loves to learn
English or IT or Management and they could study as full time, part time and weekend. We are
happy to say that we have students from all part of Sri Lanka. We offer Spoken English
courses collaborated with City and Guild, which is an International English qualification
designed for those who need English for work, study, travel, or teaching. City & Guilds
certificate has higher demand at the job market, and they provide many kinds of computer
courses such as MS-Office, Diploma in Multimedia, Programming, web designing, AUTO
CAD, Computer Studies, Graphic Designing, Web Development, Computerized Accounting
and Computer Science also offer IELTS.
BCE gives a valuable opportunity to get their external degree of South Eastern university of Sri
Lanka. Experienced panel of lecturers offers BBA, B.Com, and BA courses here from South
Eastern university of Sri Lanka. We also were offering variety of Teacher training programmes
with teaching practices. This is for the students who are willing to be an ideal teacher by
profession in future. Professionally qualified lecturers are training them.

Extended Essay - Report 12
Currently they used to have Business Orientation and Access Programme, LCCI International
Qualifications such as diploma in Marketing, Diploma in Travel & Tourism, Diploma in
English and CAD & Building Studies (CAD & BS). This will be more helpful to the students
who are studying at BCE to be an effective employer.
It is clear that if a person is capable enough of communication in English and knowledge in IT
will have a prominent place in the society and we assure that they could have a fine job. This is
what we give through our institution British College of Education. It is open all seven days and
we work hard to make our students successful.
Organizational Hierarchy
Employment Table (Sample for the research):
Department Position No of Employees
Administration General Manager 01
Manager 03
Asst. Manager 03
Executives 10
Academic Operation Lecturers 17
Asst. Lecturers 13
Instructors 11
Non – Academic Operation Office Assistant 03
Security 02
Chairman
Manager – Marketing /
Business Development
Manager - HR Manager – Finance &
Admin
HR ExecutiveAsst. Manager -Mkt /
Business Development
Asst. Manager –
Finance & Admin
General Manager
Executives Executives

Extended Essay - Report 13
Employment Summary (participate in the survey):
Category No of Employees
Administration 03
Academic 41
Non – Academic 03
Marketing 10
Management 04
Security services 02
Total 63
Above is illustarted in the following Chart ( figure 1)
This servey conducted among the all employees of the organization. All the staff members has
been participated for the above survey as sample for the reaserch.
The majority of Staff Members are academic employees (41) , Marketing (10) , Management
(4) , Administration and Non-Academic (3) and Securty service (2).
Summary of the servey based on given questionnaire ( Sample of the questionnaire)
Training & Development Questionnaire

Extended Essay - Report 14
This questionnaire distributed for collecting data, for a study conducted as a partial fulfillment
of Executive Diploma in Human Resource Management (IHRA – University of Colombo)
Course. This study, “Importance of Learning & Development of employees of an organization”
requires the knowledge gathered using this questionnaire. I assure the confidentiality of your
information and use the data / information only for studying purposes.
Name : ………………………………………………………………………………
Profession : ……………………………………………………………………………….
Job Category : Administration Academic Non- Academic
Marketing Management Security
Technical Other ………………
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01) Age Group : 20 -30
31 -40
41 -50
> 50
02) What are the current responsibilities and duties that your job involves?
a) Working with administration team.
b) Conducting Lecturers.
c) Coordinating with academic duties.
d) Supporting in the office operation
e) Work related to marketing
f) Related with Management activities
03) What is / are the prime skill(s), make you more meaningful with your current job?
a) Leadership skills / qualities b) Communication Skills
c) Strategic decision making skills d) Marketing Skills
e)Appearance / build f) Charismatic power
g)Risk bearing ability h) Good communicator

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04) What would you consider to be your area of expertise and your particular skill set that
distinguishes you from your colleagues?
a) Computer Skills b) Communication Skills
c)Interpersonal skills d) Marketing Skills
e)Strategic Management Skills f) Outgoing personality
h) Good presentation Skills I) Speaking & language skills
05) Are you satisfied with your current job?
a) Yes
b) No
06) Describe the tasks you regularly perform that are critical to carrying out your job
effectively
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………….
07) If you work as part of a team, do you perform the same or different work to members of
your team?
Yes No
If No, Please specify the Reason:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
08) To perform other jobs in the organization: What training or experience would be required
IT Skills Occupational Skills
Occupational Health & Safety Personality Development
09) What other roles in the organization would you be interested in doing if a vacancy becomes
available?
Managerial role Supervisory role Executive role
10) What type of training you still need to perform your current job competently
ICT Skills Supervisory Skills
English language skills Management Skills

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11) Are you working individually or as a team?
Team
Individual
Other specify …………………………
12) What is your career aspiration?
Personality Development Develop the Leadership qualities
Professionally Develop Higher Positions / Promotions
Progress to next level of employment
Demanding career
13) What training or development do you need to help make this happen?
Soft skills training Specialized Technical Skills
Management Skills Strategic decision making skills
ICT Skills Presentation Skills
Other…………………………………………………………………………………………….
14) What training or skills you have acquired outside your current job that may be relevant to
the educational field?
ICT Skills Supervisory Skills
English Management Skills
15) Do you believe that your participation in the above any category is helpful for you do
perform you job?
Yes No specify
…………………………………………………………………………………
16) What are the workshops / training programs / seminars you have attended the past?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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17) Do you know any other Learning & Development processes conducted by other institutes,
is so listing them?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18) Do you think is this trainings have been useful for their employees to maximize their
efficiency?
Yes No
19) Do you believe that Learning & Development programs are useful for the effective
utilization in the productivity concern?
Yes No
20) What is your strong recommendation about Learning & Development towards
organizational and personal development?
It’s much needed Not at all No idea
Thank you for sharing your valuable time and information.

Extended Essay - Report 18
CHAPTER 03
ANALYSIS & RESULTS
According to the first question following chart (figure 2) illustrate the number of employees
participate in the survey versus their age group.
figure 2
According to the employees current responsibilities and duties (that your job involves) based
on the second question following chart (figure 3) illustrate their relevent job & their related
responsibilities.
figure 3

Extended Essay - Report 19
The above results shows that most of the employees participate in this survey (30) are hold
lecturing as their main responsilites , so this essay will be more interesting with their
demanding need for the organization as well as the individual learning needs.
According to the figure 3 : relate to admninstartion is 6 employees , coordinating academic
duties is 9 employees , supporting office operation is 18 employees , department of marketing
consists of 23 employees and 6 employees hold management duties and responsibilities.
It was found that employees higly believe on their their respective job skill , the following
chart (figure 4) illustrate that what is / are the prime skill(s), make employees more
meaningful with their current job.
figure 4
The above results show that the communication skill of most employees plays a vital role for
their current employments , 26% of them are good communicators in their relevent job role
(specially the lecturere are good in presentation skills & good listening capabilities) and
appearance / build is the postive attitude while security guards are concerned.

Extended Essay - Report 20
The following chart (figure 5) illustrates the set of skills considered by employees that would
their area of expertise that distinguishes them from their colleagues.
figure 5
The above results show that the communication skills , speaking & language skills of expertise
is make most employees sound than others. The outgoing personality and marketing skills are
mostly believed expertise skills by marketing staff.

Extended Essay - Report 21
According to the question related to job satisfaction of the employees, the following chart
(figure 6) illustrates
figure 6
The above results show the all employees of the organization are satisfied about their current
job / role , the organization managed to keep happy faces, this will be a good sign for the
development of the organisation is concerned.
The Seventh question concerns about employees working type and it clarifies whether they
work in Team / individually, the following chart (figure 7) illustrates the type of working of the
employees in the organization
figure 7

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With the reference to above chart (figure 7) most of the employees perform their job as a team ,
this will lead to effective communication and efficient utilization of resources while the
productivity of the organization concern. Some believ that they need to know the value of the
effective team work , specially office assistants concerns.
According to the question eight to perform jobs in the organization “What are training or
experience would be required to do their job effectively” , most employee selected the
occupational skills are base for their effectiveness in the job.
figure 8
The figure 8 illustartes :
1. Need of occupational skills (41%) : this is mostly wanted skills by the employees
specialy the lecturers in different caliber , they belive that the continues learning will be
key to their success and that very much needed in the survival in their respective field
where the competence is concerned.
2. IT Skills (25%) and Persanlty Development Skills (25%) needed by almost half of the
employees ( who have participate in this survey) because they lack of knowledge where
these two skills concerned.
3. Occupational Health & Safety (9%) : This skill is needful for the some employees of
the organization specialy offfice assistants.

Extended Essay - Report 23
The questione based on the future expected career role within the current organization has been
concerned.(”What other roles in the organization would you be interested in doing if a vacancy
becomes available?) illustrated in the following chart (figure 9)
figure 9
It was found (illustrated in the above figure 9) that the most employees in the organization
(36%) whiling to work in executive positions where the highly payment & commission scheme
is concerned, specially marketing trainees they willing their career prospects relate with
expectation in their positions.
It is apparent some of the employees (19%) actually they don’t have any idea of this since this
is the first job for them, they believe to stay for some time in their current position to gain
some learning & personal development skills to move in future with widen their career
prospects.
The 16% of the employees interest to do managerial role if the vacancy become available, they
believe this will be an added advantage for their career prospect is concern further it is inter
related with their current job has been concerned.

Extended Essay - Report 24
This chart illustrate (as shown in figure 10) about the skills needed to perform their current
respective job competenly by the employees of the organization
figure 10
It was found that (illustarted in figure 10) most of the employees (32%) need training in
English language skills , much needed skills for the day to day operation and also it is the
language interconnected with the effective communication of organization.
Supervisory skill training needed by 30% of the employees of the organaization. Specially
these skills expected by most executive level employees. They believe these skills will be
usefull for them to move their next level of employment.
ICT Skills training skills expected by 28% of employees who participate in this servey mostly
IT lecturers and instructors. They suggested that continues learning on ICT is important to keep
the up to date IT background and it is important to face on demand of the ICT industry.

Extended Essay - Report 25
Following graph, illustrate about the work pattern of the employees in the organization based
on the eleventh question.
Figure 11
It was found that most of the employees (56) work as a team when the college assign any
responsibilities to perform. Specialy in Marketing division & ICT devision employees highly
depend on the team work. It was found the team work will be crucial motivation factor among
the employees. It is apparend that the team work will give them enough confidence towards
assign task. In the past they had archived the given target before the deadline when they
worked as team.

Extended Essay - Report 26
The following chart (figure 11) illustrate the career aspiration about the employees of the
organization :
Figure 11
It was found 22 employees expect promotion as their career aspiration with most included
executive level employees personality development placed second among the 19 of the
employees who have participate in this survey. They highly depend on their personalty
development with organizational culture. Few exacutive level employees expect to develop
their leadership skills (8) ,six employees (6) expecting their future progression to next level of
employment and expecting a demanding career (2) for their future aspirations.

Extended Essay - Report 27
The following chart (figure 12) illustrate the skills needed for employees career aspiration
Figure 12
It is apparent the success career aspiration the employee’s needs trainings for the value
addition for their current skills. Most employees who have participated in this survey (30%)
they expect management skills are much need for their career aspiration. Most executive level
employees included in this category.
24% of the employees believe they need presentation skills to be improved in future in order to
reach their career prospective, further, they believe this skills plays a very vital role in their day
to day activity of the organization.
ICT Staff of the organization expecting specialized technical skills (17%) for their career
aspiration, further this will be help full to face ICT challenges and easy understand the
innovative new technology.
Seventeen percent (17%) of the employees expect soft skills training for their career prospect
because their job responsibilities are interconnect with soft skills.

Extended Essay - Report 28
It was found that employees of this organization have acquired outside training or skills for
extend their knowledge in their current job. The following charts (figure 13) illustrate:
Figure 13
It is apparent most of the employees have acquired English training skills form outside which
are mostly relevant to their job, they believe language (specially English ) makes difference
and play a important role in their daily operation in their organization,
To perform the job with effectively (effective communication) these skills are important, this
option has been select by commonly all employment category.

Extended Essay - Report 29
The following chart (figure 14) illustrate the effectiveness & the satisfaction about the training
program they attend
figure 15
It is found that All employees has been satisfied about the training program they acquired
outside the organization and believe they gain the required skills by participating the training /
learning session.
It has found that all the employees who have partipated in this servey they know the value of
the training skills / learning skills are usefull for the employees towards the organizational
efficiency is concern.
They have good knowledge background about the training session conducted by the outside
organization and they start comparing with their current organization learning skills trainings.
In the past, all the employees participated in atleast one workshop / training program / seminars
organised by the current employer related to their current job, but they expect more learning
skills trainings in the future.

Extended Essay - Report 30
The awareness & understanding about the training program among the employees are higly
noted in this study, fuether they have good knowledge background about the training session
conducted by the outside organization and they start comparing with their current organization
learning skills trainings.
The following chart (figure16) illustrate the employees unserstanding regarding the
importance of learning activities.
Figure 16
All the emploees in the organization are believe about the outside training programs conducted
for thirtparty in their respective firm, they realizes the value of a training session how this will
effect on the worklife of individuals. The understand the importance of the learning activity
and how this will help them to achive their individual career goal as well as the organizational
corporate career goal as well.
Learning and development is a good way to improve the employees / individual knowledge
base e.g. apprenticeships. This helps you to understand the job role better opens up possible
places for future promotions / job offers and its helps the organization as to be more equipped
to do the jobs currently set for employees.

Extended Essay - Report 31
The following chart (figure 17 ) illustrate the employees satisfaction of that Learning &
Development programs , and how this will affect on effective utilization in the productivity
concern.
figure 17
A low-skill, low-productivity, low-wage economy is unsustainable in the long term and is
incompatible with poverty reduction. This vicious circle of inadequate education, poor training,
low productivity and poor quality jobs and low wages traps the working poor and excludes
workers without relevant skills from participating in economic growth and social development
in the context of globalization.
skills development is an essential factor for achieving the objective of decent work both by
increasing the productivity and sustainability of the enterprise and for improving working
conditions and the employability of workers. strategy based on improved quality and
availability of education and training can engender, by contrast, a virtuous circle in which
skills development fuels innovation, productivity increase and enterprise development,
technological change, investment, diversification of the economy, and competitiveness that are
needed to sustain and accelerate the creation of more and better jobs in the context of the
Decent Work Agenda, and improve social cohesion

Extended Essay - Report 32
It was found all the employees in BCE well aware the needs of individual learning &
development towards the organizational and personal development.
figure 18
Employee can benefit from skills development and productivity gains if translated into better
working conditions, respect for labor rights, further training, and adaptability to changes, better
employment prospects, higher wages, and other factors that contribute to a better quality of
life. Employer will benefit from skills development and productivity gains by reinvesting in
product and process innovations, diversifying business activities, maintaining, and improving
competitiveness and market share.

Extended Essay - Report 33
CHAPTER 04
CONCLUSION
Professional competence describes the state-of-the-art, subject knowledge, expertise and skill
relevant for performing excellently within a specific functional department. This competence
insures that technical knowledge / working skills in both present and used a firm for the
welfare of its stakeholders. To develop this competence regular learning and development is
required.
The study based on the learning & development is an important part to evaluate, it
provides the feedback to implement future strategies and help the employer at the level of
individual performance and in the strategy formulation for learning and development.
objectives of skills matching and easing adjustment take a short- to medium-term labour
market perspective in responding to ongoing technological and market changes. The first
objective requires policies and institutions to better forecast and match the provision of skills
with labour market needs, as well as to make employment services, career services and
training services more broadly available
The skills development on making it easier for workers and enterprises to move from
declining or low-productivity activities and sectors into growing and higher-productivity
activities and sectors, and to capitalize on new technologies. Rescaling, skills upgrading and
lifelong learning help workers to maintain their employability and help enterprises to adjust
and remain competitive. This should be combined with active labour market policies to support
the transition to new employment. Workers should not withstand the worst of the adjustment
cost, and effective social security provisions or unemployment insurance as well as career
guidance, training and effective employment services, are important components of the social
contract to mitigate the impact.
Therefore, learning initiatives and programs have become a priority for human
resources (commonly believe as investment on Human Capital). As business markets change
due to an increase in technology initiatives, companies need to spend more time and money on
learning needs of employees. In today’s business environment employee learning &
development plays a critical role in corporate success and organizations are investing more in
their employees learning & development needs.

Extended Essay - Report 34
It is apparent to suggest the followings to the Top Management after study conducted in
BCE.
Ensure that employee learning contributes to competitive strategies of the firm; the different
level of employees needs different levels of learning skills to improve their individual work
quality. The management must commit itself to allocate major resources and adequate time to
improve their employees’ learning skills & personal development. Skills matching and easing
adjustment take a short- to medium-term labour market perspective in responding to ongoing
technological and market changes. The first objective requires policies and institutions to better
forecast and match the provision of skills with labour market needs, as well as to make
employment services, career services and training services more broadly available.
Ensure that a comprehensive and systematic approach to training exist, continues assessment
is required to rate the employee skills and progression in their skills development. This is much
needed to give them promotion, professional achievement etc.
As the private sector companies are gaining ground and becoming more competitive due to
changed world economy, the employees always kept on their toes. It is like either you work
hard and show your performance or perish for not taking care of your professional growth. The
ability to use a language efficiently is very much required to remain employable. Ensure to
provide some language skills, specially English language among the low-level employees of
the organization to keep the standard of communication level. It is the ability to remain
employable because of the relevant skills one possesses. Communication skills are very much
essential for one’s professional growth. It is better to provide the English Language skills for
the employees especially who are in the low level. This will give the organization most
commanding front line workers.
To upgrade the skills of employees, the training is much needed during the considerable
interval. This will give employees with a outline idea about the program and personal
knowledge increasing as well. The relationship between skills development, productivity,
employment growth and development is complex. For skills development policies to be
effective, in consultation with the social partners, must build policy coherence by linking
education, research and skills development to labour markets, social policy, technology, public
services delivery, trade, investment and macroeconomic policies.

Extended Essay - Report 35
Reference:
Books:
Forteza, J.A., & Prieto, J.M. (1994). Aging and work behaviour. In H.C. Triandis, D. Dunnette,
& L.M. Hough (Eds.)
Web Sites :
Elizibith Hurlok. (1989). http://www.goodreads.com In undefined. Retrieved undefined, from
undefined.