Roman civilization (Part 1)

1. Roman Civilization (part 1)

2. Standard 6-2: The student will demonstrate and understanding of life in ancient civilizations and their contributions to the modern world. Objective: 6-2.3-Describe the development of Roman Civilization, including language, government, architecture, and engineering.

3. Latin- the Language of Romans Is the basis of the “Romance Languages”: Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Romanian Although English developed from Germanic languages, much of our vocabulary was influenced or comes directly from Latin: Example: veto, curriculum Latin terms are used extensively in the fields of medicine, law, and science- every species of plant and animal has a name in Latin

4. The Center of an Empire Rome was a city in central Italy, and it ruled one of the word's greatest empire. • 1000 BC- began as small wooden huts • Grew into a bustling city • 200 BC Romans ruled most of Italy • Began invading neighboring lands • Empire stretched from modern-day Scotland to Turkey

5. The Forum Center of Roman life Location of the government and the marketplace The rest of the city was filled with homes or flats (like apartments), places of worship and leisure, and sports areas

6. The Forum Was the government district in the center of Rome.

7. Capital City: Rome Over one million people lived in Rome By 300 BC- Rome was the largest city in the world There was a distinct division of labor among the people

8. Classes of People Citizens: could vote and serve in the army Non-citizens: did not have these rights Knights & Nobles: ran the government and were usually very rich Patricians: wealthy citizens Plebeians: ordinary people who were usually poor, but still citizens Slaves: not citizens, had no rights, and were not allowed to leave their owners

10. Rome was a well protected city Surrounded by a thick strong stone wall that kept enemies out Visitors had to enter the city through one of the 37 gates that were always well guarded by soldiers and watchmen

11. City Life (Common Person)

12. City Life (Wealthy) Wealthy Romans had more than one home- one in the city and one outside the city a ‘villa urbana’- homes just outside the city (Urban) a ‘Villa rustica’- big house surrounded by farmland located in the countryside

13. Pools- but not for swimming Most Roman homes had a pool- but they aren’t for swimming Built in the courtyards of large homes as decorations Surrounded by plants and statues Some had fountains & mosaics covering the floor

14. Roman Mosaics

15. Ancient Heated Floors Wealthy families built under floor central heating Wood burning furnace heated air that was circulated through channels built under the floor of the house Slaves chopped wood and kept the fire stoked Under-floor channels Furnace entrance floor

16. Trajan’s Market World’s first shopping mall Contained over 150 shops People haggled prices to get bargains Most shops or market-stalls closed at noon

17. 7 Facts about Roman School Boys had to learn how to speak well to grow up be great politicians & army leaders Girls did not go to school- they stayed at home to learn how to take care of the home Many of the best teachers were Greek slaves Roman wrote a lot on thin slices of wood Ink was made from soot, vinegar, & sticky tree gum There were many libraries Most read standing up- it was easier that way b/c of the long papyrus scrolls

18. Let’s Learn Latin! Liber = book Bibliotheca = library Epistola = letter Stylus = writing stick

19. Roman Factoid The Romans invented a version of our Valentine’s Day On Lupercalia, boys would draw the name of a girl from a hat. She was meant to be his girlfriend for that year! It is also known as the Wolf Festival, celebrated on February 15th – to avert evil spirits and purify the city, making it healthy and fertile again.

20. Roman Style- Toga Romans wore loose fitting robes that were not sewn together. They wee draped dover the body and pinned in place with brooches, pins, or belts Toga colobium Women’s

21. Advances in Architecture New Building materials: They discovered concrete Made clay bricks baked at high temperatures Created arches to make tall, strong walls and doorways Also made huge domes for buildings that were too big for a traditional roof with wood beams

22. Amazing Aqueducts How did they work: water was carried by pipes to public fountains, bath houses, and wealthy people’s homes 198 million gallons of fresh water went to Rome each day through the aqueducts It was so advanced that no one came up with a better idea until the 1800s with the pump The word plumber comes from the Latin word “plumbum”- meaning to make water pipes

23. 7 Wonders of the Ancient World

24. Public Bath House A large building was dedicated for bathing a network of pipes brought clean water into the city and flushed out the dirty- much like our modern sewer systems do Romans would bath once each 9 days Five stage to taking a bath: 1. Disrobe then to the steam room 2. Hot, dry room where a slave removed all of the sweat and dirt from their skin using a metal scraper and some olive oil 3. They cooled off in a tepid pool (lukewarm temperature) 4. Finally they finished by jumping into a freezing cold pool of water… BRRRRrrrrrr!

25. 12 Facts about Bath Houses There were hot, warm and cold baths Water was heated by a boiler over a fire The hot room was called the “caldarium” The cold room was called the “frigidarium” Men and women used separate bath houses The floor might be covered with a mosaic You had to pay to use the baths You could buy refreshments at the baths People did weight lifting at the baths Public slaves could give you a massage There was no soap so people used oil instead Sticks called “strigils” were used to scrape dirt off the body http://www.historyonthenet.com/romans/bath_house.htm

26. Time for fun Much like the Greeks, the Romans enjoyed having fun They like to dance and play music on pipes, flutes, cymbals, castanets and horns Wealthy Romans preferred the soft sound of the lyre with singers and poets Romans preferred comedies over the Greek tragedies Plays began as parts of religious festivals that reenacted myths an legends The mimicked the large Greek theatres Their actors also wore masks with huge emotional expressions on them so the audience could tell the mood the character was in They also played skilled games of chance such as: Draughts, dice & knucklebones

27. The Coliseum

29. The Coliseum One of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World Known as the Flavian Amphitheatre Huge oval arena in the center of Rome built of stone, concrete and marble Has 80 separate entrances & seats 50,000 people Outside decorated with lavish statues of Roman heroes Used for chariot races, Gladiator fights and mock sea-battles

30. Video: Drive Thru History: Rome (6:12)

31. Roman Roads The Romans were the first people to build paved roads that would be able to be used in all types of weather. They built their roads so that they were higher in the middle than at the edges. This meant that when it rained the rain would run off the sides of the roads. They often put a drainage system alongside the roads to catch the water as it ran off.

32. Traveling on Roman Roads Wealthy Romans were carried by a litter of 6 to 8 men or pulled by mules Poorer travelers walked or rode in small groups for safety. Messengers (who traveled alone) would ride in light carriages similar to a chariot and go fast down the road.

33. Danger on Roads Travel was dangerous, especially at night Roadside inns offered a place to eat and rest, but often times dangerous as well Fights would break out and sometimes people were robbed or murdered Travelers preferred to stay with family or trusted friends or friends of friends for this reason

34. A story written by Virgil that records Rome’s glorious founding. 3:09 min

35. The Legend of Romulus and Remus 3:06 min

36. Rome the Republic There were 6 cruel kings after Romulus After the overthrow of King Tarquin the Proud in 509 BC, Rome became a Republic Republic: a country without a king who is governed by its people Every year Rome elected two senior lawyers called consuls to head the government. The Republic lasted for over 400 years

37. In the Time of the Republic People were divided into social classes: Patricians, Plebeians, and slaves Citizens of Rome (Patricians & Plebeians) met in the Assembly and voted for consuls, tribunes and magistrates Women and slaves were not allowed in the Assembly and could not vote

38. Roman Society Patricians • Wealthy powerful citizens • Nobles • Small minority of the population • Once controlled all of government • After 218 BC, not allowed to participate in trade or commerce Plebeians • Common people • Peasants, craftsmen, traders, other workers • Majority of population • Gained right to participate in government • Only Romans who could be traders, so many became wealthy

40. Consuls Two consuls elected to serve for one year They governed Rome and controlled the military Both had to agree on all decisions They had to wait ten years before being elected as Consul again

41. Magistrates Many magistrates were elected Their job to keep law and order as well as manage Rome’s financial affairs When they retired they became senators and attended the Senate

42. Tribunes Tribunes were elected to represent the common man, or Plebeians They made sure that the people were being treated fairly

43. Senate/ Senators Senators went to the Senate to discuss important government issues They were retired magistrates who knew a lot bout the government of Rome Their job was to give advice to the two Consuls When Rome had an Emperor they gave advice to him

44. Your Elected Officials The Roman Government had three levels just like our government. What are some of the titles of our officials for each? Federal State Local President Senator Congressperson Governor State senator State Representative Mayor City Council Member Sheriff

45. Checks & Balances A method of balancing power To offset checks & balances, the people could elect a dictator to rule Rome for a short period of time during times of emergencies Rome’s most famous dictator was Cincinnatus: • Farmer who gained power in 458 BC was chosen by the Roman citizens to led the army against a large enemy army who had continued to try and invade Rome. He quickly defeated the enemy and was back working his farm 6 months before his term would end as dictator.

46. Challenges to the Republic Challenges from the Outside Challenges from the Inside Many wars with other peoples of the region Plebeians calling for change in the government and forming their own Use textbook pages 298-299 to answer the above qucesotiounsncil

47. Codification of Law Similar to Hammurabi's Code 450 BC- Rome’s first written law codes were carved into 12 bronze tablets Displayed in the Forum for all to see and abide by the laws Called the “Law of the Twelve Tables” These original written laws were seen as the symbol of Roman law and the rights of Roman citizens.

48. Primary Source: • Read Law of the Twelve Tables on Textbook page 305 • With your partner, answer: “how are these laws similar to and different from our laws today?”

49. Critical Thinking Organizer Analyzing your notes on roman government, use this diagram to list information about the powers of the parts of Rome’s government: Magistrate Senate Assemblies & Tribunes

Roman civilization (Part 1)

Roman civilization (Part 1)

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Roman civilization (Part 1)