4. IN ECOSYSTEM
• According to first law (Energy is neither
created nor destroyed, bur can be
transformed from one state to another)
• Energy of sunlight is transformed into energy
of food and heat.
5. • According to second law, no transfer of energy
occurs unless and until it is accompanied by
degradation or dissipation of energy from
concentrated to dispersed form.
• So, the transfer of energy from one organism
to another is accompanied by degradation and
loss of major part of food energy as heat.
• That is the reason that energy flow in
ecosystem follows 10 % law.
7. Homeostasis & the first law of
thermodynamics
• Body Temperature
• Blood Glucose
Metabolism converts food's potential energy to
both work and heat energy, which are needed
to maintain a proper body temperature and to
do physical activities.
8. Excitable Membranes
• Signal-mediating cells of the nervous system
called neurons are special, in that they are able
to send signals to one another with velocities.
• Resting potential
• Driving forces due to the electric field and the
concentration gradient are mutually opposed,
there will be equilibrium
10. In Biomolecules Conformations
In folding of Protein forces like -:
• Hydrogen Bonds
• van der Waals Interactions
• Hydrophobic Interactions
• Ionic Interaction
13. Movement of Organisms
• Movement in Bacteria
For small sizes of single-cellular organisms such as
bacteria it is very difficult to move as compared
to the cases of swimming fish and humans.
In this case viscosity plays a dominant role
So this result in evolution of bacteria with flagella
15. Sound Production
• Human voice is produced in the larynx, which is
a part of the throat.
• When air from our
lungs passes through
the tightened cords a
vibration is produced.
• This vibration produces
vocal sounds.
http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://hyperphysics.phy-
astr.gsu.edu/hbase/music/imgmus/voc.gif&imgrefurl=http://hyperphysics.phy-
astr.gsu.edu/hbase/music/voice.html&h=337&w=300&tbnid=fdFjEYjBAoyVjM:&docid=3vXYJq3HsHQaYM&ei
=ZUguVu3yM8PCmAWmnaGQCA&tbm=isch&ved=0CDoQMygXMBdqFQoTCK250MG74MgCFUMhpgodpk4Igg
16. Piezoelectricity & Bone Growth
• Bone under stress & strain condition develop
charge on their surface.
• Result in deposition of salt in bone and
increase in the size of bone
• Electrical signals in amphibians which can
naturally regenerate lost limbs, differ from
those in mammals, which ordinarily do not
regenerate lost limbs.
18. Animal & Plants struggles with gravity
• Size of single biological cells is inversely
proportional to the strength of the
gravitational field exerted on the cell.
• Gravitropism, or the growth or movement of a
plant with respect to gravity
• Human immune cells were unable
to differentiate into mature cell in the absence
of gravity