1. Games for Change
What Can We Learn from Video Games, Online Games and Simulations?
Dr. Cynthia Calongne
January 16, 2014

2. Games Workshop Topics
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Meaningful Play
Video Games
MMORPGs
Games for Change
Gamer Superpowers
Game Research
CTU Game Designs
• References for games, research and game creation resources
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Cover photo by Lyr Lobo
– Second Life Multiplayer Game Design by AgileBill Firehawk
– Hosted during the Virtual Worlds Best Practices in Education 2013

3. Game Beginnings - 3500 BC
Nefertari
Playing Senet
Wikipedia

4. Design Concepts
Game Elements
2D and 3D Games
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Rules
Objectives
Environment
Setting
Win Conditions
Challenges
Treasure, Loot or Gold
Badges
Reputation
Story
Terrain
2D or 3D Graphics
Strategies
Conflict
Players
Non-Player Characters (NPCs)
Enemies or Monsters
Competition

5. Evolution of Video Game Controllers

6. PS 4 and inside
the controller

9. PS 4 Launch November 2013

10. PS4 Video Games
Social
The 1st month of the PS4 launch featured over 20 million minutes or 38 years of
gameplay recorded and broadcast on Twitch and Ustream

11. Halo 2 and the Prevent Cancer Foundation

12. Games on Twitch - Jan 6, 2014

13. Game Live Streams
Intel & Electronic Sports League UK feature the Intel Christmas(ish) Cup

14. Benefits of Games
Games can stimulate
• Problem solving
• Critical thinking
• Digital literacy
• Strategy & tactics
• Motor skill development
• Collaboration
• Leadership & courage
• Socialization
Game-based learning
• Vision & creativity
• Sustainability
• Immersion
• Learning retention
• Heutagogy
• Knowledge networks
• Socio-technical skills
• Entrepreneurship

15. MMORPGs
The World of Warcraft
Strategy and tactics
Collaborative play
Competitive
PvE, PvP, RP, PKer

16. Games that Make a Difference
• FoldIt http://fold.it
– Crowdsourcing to Solve Puzzles for Science
– Gamers modeled a pre-HIV retroviral protease in ten days
– Scientists worked on it for ten years
• Re-Mission and Re-Mission 2
– Fight cancer http://www.re-mission.net/
• Find the Future http://game.nypl.org
– 500 gamers play an alternate reality game while writing a book
in the library in one night

18. Re-Mission

19. Re-Mission
• Largest randomized, controlled study of a video
game’s impact on cancer patients
– 375 teens and young adults
– 34 medical centers during 3 months of treatment
• Research design
– Control group received PCs with a popular video game
– Test group - PCs with the same game and Re-Mission
• Results - Jane McGonigal at ISTE
– 20% higher survival rate from patients using chemo and
medication to fight cancer

20. Re-Mission 2 by HopeLab

21. NYPL Decline in Library Interest

22. Gamers read to
investigate and
discover new
strategies

23. 500 Players in One Night to Write 100 Stories

24. As an Alternate Reality Game

25. Gamer Powers
Mobbability –real-time work &
scalable collaboration
Cooperation radar – sense the best
collaborators
Ping quotient – responsive to requests
Influency – persuasive in diverse
social environments and media
Multi-capitalism –
natural, intellectual, social, financial
Protovation – fearless, rapid
innovation
Open authorship
See the big picture – longbroading
Emergensight – prepare and handle
surprising results and complexity
Signal/noise management – identify
meaningful patterns from data stream
http://www.slideshare.net/avantgame/10-collaboration-superpowers

26. Games and Play Styles
Types of games
Play styles
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Word, trivia or puzzle
Scavenger or Treasure Hunt
Action or adventure
Real Time Strategy (RTS)
Roleplay game (RPG)
MMORPGs
Arcade or Video games
First Person Shooter (FPS)
Simulations (Sims)
Board or card games
Individual or social
Multiplayer cooperative
Multiplayer competitive
Everyone is a winner!
Last man standing – PvP
Player vs Environment
Roleplay
Capture the flag
Team wins
High score

28. Serious Games Design Comparison
Strategy Game Design
Virtual World Simulations
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Treatment & Design
Game Strategy & Engine
Rules, Content, Behavior
Models, Terrain, Characters
Game Logic & Programming
Artificial Intelligence - NPCs
Operational Test
Level & Strategy Test
Usability & Play Test
Documentation – user & design
documentation
Treatment/Concept
Game Design & Objectives
Learning Rubrics & Behaviors
Modeling & Prototyping
Texturing & Scripting
Integration – external resources
– Multimedia, Bots, Databases
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Operational Test
Usability & Play Test
Learning Assessment
User Documentation - informal

29. Immersive and Mobile Games

30. Imagination
Meaningful play helps to
develop our imagination
Games test the boundaries of
our imagination

31. SLIPPERY ROCK FALLS
Multiplayer Educational Roleplaying Game
(MPERPG)
A virtual world 3D game for 2-member teams to learn
how to improve collaboration and communication
skills

32. SLIPPERY ROCK FALLS
Multiplayer Educational Roleplaying Game
(MPERPG)
T
eam Control Board
Note: located in the game environment at the activity location, each team has a
control board. These color-coded control boards support four teams playing
simultaneously.

33. SLIPPERY ROCK
Multiplayer Educational Roleplaying Game (MPERPG)
FALLS
Rubric and
Rating Scale
1 Poor
2 Fair
3 Good
4 Very Good
5 Excellent
Definitions
- Knows: refers to the recall of facts, principles, and theories.
- Knows how: involves the ability to solve problems and describe procedures.
- Shows how: involves demonstration of skills in a controlled setting.
- Does: can demonstrate the ability to imitate or replicate techniques, apply principles in a familiar
situation, adapt principles to new situations, and associate new knowledge with previously learned
principles.

34. Mayan Temple Culture and Games

35. A Few Design Distinctions
Strategy Game
Virtual World
• Game engine
• Modeling
• Virtual World Simulator
• Rapid Prototyping
– 2D diagrams and 3D objects
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Character Creation
Level & Strategy Design
System Integration
Game Events
Win Strategy - Objectives
Quality Assurance
– Unit & Integration Tests
– Play and Usability tests
– 3D Game Objects
• Bots (NPCs) and Avatars
• Linking Object Models
– Designing on the z Axis
• Multimedia & Animations
• Rubrics - Objectives & Outcomes
• QA - Change Management
– Object Behavior Tests
– Integration, Play & Usability Tests

36. CTU EM Games
• EM 840 Virtual World Simulation
– Greek Mythology
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Pandora’s Garden
The Temple
The Labyrinth and Daedalus’s Wings
Medusa’s Lair
– Space
• The Spaceship game
– Blue Earth
• Trading card game

37. Pandora’s Garden of Imagination

38. Transforming into the Phoenix

39. Inside the Labyrinth Game

40. A CTU Game Designer Demos the Game Badge

41. Badges and Gamification
• Transforming a course into a game
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Points and grades become gold and rewards
Reputation, titles and badges
Incentivizes learning
Minimizes game development
Uses a similar assessment strategy
If competitive, requires anonymity, seeding the population
with NPCs

42. The Temple Games and Oracle

43. Medusa’s Lair
A Self-Image Game
Perception of Self
and Self-Confidence Game

44. Educational Game Design by Students

46. Integrating Artificial Intelligence

47. Game Designs by CTU Students

48. SickBay in the Space Game

49. Blue Earth’s Educational Games

50. Blue Earth’s Trading Card Game

51. Games for Second Life and Moodle - Sloodle

53. Learning from Game Simulations

54. Mapping Games to Learning Assessment

55. Game Measurement and Support

56. Educational Tools that Support Assessment

57. Will Wright and the Game of Life
• Bar Karma – a community designed a TV show
– Wright designed the Storymaker tool for storyboarding it
– Episode One: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysSaK2wQXwc
– Most mysterious bar in the universe; the Twilight Zone meets the Men in Black
• Wright’s latest project is the Game of Life
– Leveraging social media and gathering facts on the players via mobile devices

58. Episode One of Bar Karma

59. Games and Research
Wright, W. (2010). Games as Tools for Science and Society. GameTech.
Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/guesta79ddf9/orando2010-5
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fulyfB0c_CQ
McGonigal (2010). Reality is Broken. http://realityisbroken.org/
McCrea, B. (2012). WoWing Language Arts. The Journal, September 2012.
http://online.qmags.com/TJL0912/default.aspx?pg=24&mode=1#pg24&mode1
Boyle, A. (2011). Gamers solve molecular puzzle that baffled scientists
http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2011/09/18/7802623-gamers-solve-molecular-puzzle-that-baffledscientists?lite
Steinkuehler, C. 2010. MMOs, Learning & The New Pop Cosmopolitan
http://web.nmc.org/files/2010-nml-symposium/constance-steinkuehler-slides.pdf
NMC Horizon Report http://www.nmc.org/horizon-project/horizon-reports
Pathways for Learning Anywhere, anytime - a Network for Educators (PLANE)
http://my.plane.edu.au/

60. Game Videos
Jane McGonigal (2010). : Gaming can make a better world. Ted Talks.
http://www.ted.com/talks/jane_mcgonigal_gaming_can_make_a_better_world.html
CNN. (2010). Gaming to save the world. Jane McGonigal on Evoke.
http://www.cnn.com/video/?/video/tech/2010/03/09/am.game.solves.problem
s.cnn#/video/tech/2010/03/09/am.game.solves.problems.cnn
Schell, J. (2010). When games invade real life.
http://www.ted.com/talks/jesse_schell_when_games_invade_real_life.html
Novak, Kae. (2012). Massively Minecraft’s Open House Tour. Abacus from
GAMESMOOC narrating. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZez0EZKL6U
Five-Minute Film Festival: Game-Based Learning
http://www.edutopia.org/blog/film-festival-video-game-based-learning

61. Images
Controllers from Nintendo, Sony Playstation and Microsoft Xbox 360
PS 4 Teardown http://www.techinsights.com/sony-playstation-4/
Twitch.Tv (2014, Jan 6). Twitch live stream. Retrieved from http://www.twitch.tv/
Pulu, T. (2011, 20 Sep). Gamers solve decade old HIV puzzle in ten days. ZME Science. Retrieved
from http://www.zmescience.com/research/studies/gamers-solve-decade-old-hiv-puzzle-in-tendays/#RVu8gKEgRiXY1bCV.99
Lerner, E. (2011, 24 May). Game Night at the N.Y.P.L. The New Yorker. Retrieved from
http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2011/05/game-night-at-the-nypl.html#slide_ss_0=1
McGonigal, J. (2011). http://www.slideshare.net/avantgame/10-collaboration-superpowers
Arnold, B. (2012, 30 May). Left Brain Right Brain Illustration. Retrieved from
http://www.cartoonaday.com/left-brain-right-brain-illustration/

62. Educational Games – Online & VWs
Virtual Worlds
Games Based Learning MOOC http://gamesmooc.shivtr.com/
Virtual Harmony, Mars Geothermal Game http://harmonyestate.dyndns-ip.com/?q=node/11
3D Game Lab http://3dgamelab.com/
Massively Minecraft – Jokaydia Minecraft Servers http://massivelyminecraft.org/
Quest Atlantis ARX http://www.questatlantis.org/
WoW in School
http://wowinschool.pbworks.com/w/page/5268731/FrontPage
Other Educational Game Sites
Sporcle - Mentally Stimulating Diversions http://www.sporcle.com/
Word Games http://www.wordgames.com/

63. A Few Game Creation Resources
SL Game Kit – no programming https://marketplace.secondlife.com/stores/16732?id=16732
Games in Education - Game Creation Tools
http://gamesined.wikispaces.com/Game+Creation+Tools
Unity3D Game Engine – Multiplatform http://unity3d.com/
Class Tools.net: Create Interactive flash games for education http://www.classtools.net/
ProProfs Brain Games . Create Your Own Games. http://www.proprofs.com/games/create-game/
GameMaker Studio by YoYo Games. http://www.yoyogames.com/gamemaker/studio
Create & Play PurposeGames. http://www.purposegames.com/
Resources:
Imagechef – Word Mosaic http://www.imagechef.com/
Hot Potatoes – Puzzle Freeware, interface in 27 languages. http://hotpot.uvic.ca/
Pandorabots –Chatbot Creation http://www.pandorabots.com/botmaster/en/home

64. Game-Based Learning Tips
Miller, A. (2011). Game-Based Learning Units for the Everyday Teacher
www.edutopia.org/blog/video-game-model-unit-andrw-miller
Foreman, J., Gee, J.P., Herz, J.C., Hinrichs, R., Prensky, M. and Sawyer, B.
(2004). Game-Based Learning: How to Delight and Instruct in the 21st
Century. Educause Review, vol. 39, no. 5, (Sept/Oct. 2004): 50-66.
http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/game-based-learning-how-delight-and-instruct-21st-century
Teaching Entry Level Geoscience (n.d.). Game-based learning.
http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/games/index.html
Trybus, J. (2012). Game-Based Learning: What it is, why it Works, and Where
it’s Going. http://www.newmedia.org/game-based-learning--what-it-is-why-it-works-and-where-itsgoing.html
eSchool News (2012). Why ‘game-based learning’ is the future of education.
http://www.eschoolnews.com/2012/07/17/bill-gates-why-game-based-learning-is-the-future-of-education/
Upside Learning Blog (2011). What is Game Based Learning?
http://www.upsidelearning.com/blog/index.php/2011/06/20/what-is-game-based-learning/

65. Simulations and Games
Stricker, A. (2011). Sustainable 3D Worlds. Harmonious Living. Fitting together
ecology, spirituality, and community. Designs in Unity3D and OpenSim.
http://unity.em840.com/Virtual_Harmony/Welcome.html
Aldrich, C. (2009). Virtual worlds, simulations, and games for education: A
unifying view. Innovate 5 (5). http://www.clarkaldrichdesigns.com/2009/12/virtual-worldssimulations-and-games.html
Calongne, C. (2012). Military Open Simulator Enterprise Strategy (MOSES) .
Ephemeral: Virtual world games and simulation research.
https://107.7.21.233/redmine/projects/moses/wiki/Ephemeral
Stricker, A. and Calongne, C. (2011). Combining Model-based Reasoning with
Somatic Computing in an Immersive 3D World Simulation. Mars
Geothermal IRB Proposal for Virtual Harmony.
https://107.7.21.233/redmine/attachments/download/754/IRB_Virtual_Harmony_CALONGNE_and_STRICK
ER_15_June_2011.docx
Adobe Stock Photo on slide 2 - Global Learning Forum Event August 23, 2012

66. Journals, Blogs and Conferences
International Journal of Game-Based Learning (IJGBL)
http://www.igi-global.com/journal/international-journal-game-based-learning/41019/
Ladley, P. (2012). Games-based learning interest around the world.
http://www.games-based-learning.com/
Education Scotland (2012). Game based learning
http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/usingglowandict/gamesbasedlearning/index.asp
Game Based Learning 2010. (2010). Video games, social media & learning.
http://www.gamebasedlearning2010.com/
‘Game-based’ learning. (2012). Check out the classroom of the future, Bill
Gates’ style. http://www.ajc.com/news/news/opinion/game-based-learning/nQXGw/
6th European Conference on Games Based Learning (2012).
http://academic-conferences.org/ecgbl/ecgbl2012/ecgbl12-home.htm
US Dept of Education (2012). Connected Educator Month: Game-Based
Learning http://www.ed.gov/blog/2012/08/connected-educator-month-game-based-learning/

67. Presentations on Designing Games
Fliesen, D. and Calongne, C. (2012). Virtual guides: a hybrid approach to
immersive learning. http://www.slideshare.net/lyrlobo/game-tech-virtual-guides-fliesen-calongne
Stricker, A. and Calongne, C. (2011). Games and simulation design: from a
hostage rescue game to geothermal energy on Mars in Virtual Harmony
http://www.slideshare.net/lyrlobo/gordon-research-conference-2011
Calongne, C. (2011). Designing simulations and games: design tips and tricks
http://www.slideshare.net/lyrlobo/designing-simulations-and-gamesdesign-tips-and-tricks
Calongne, C. (2010). Mars Expedition GameTech 2010
http://www.slideshare.net/lyrlobo/mars-expedition-game-tech-2010
Calongne C. and Stricker, A. (2009). Evaluating a Game Simulation Kit
in Second Life. http://www.slideshare.net/lyrlobo/evaluating-a-game-simulation-kit-insecond-life
Calongne, C. (2009). Designing Games & Learning Activities in Second Life
http://www.slideshare.net/lyrlobo/designing-games-and-learning-activities-in-second-life
Calongne, C. (2012). Highlights from 33 Classes with Lyr Lobo in an Animoto
Video http://ctusoftware.blogspot.com/2012/08/highlights-from-33-classes-with-lyr.html

68. Games for Change
What Can We Learn from Video Games, Online Games and Simulations?
Questions?
Dr. Cynthia Calongne
January 16, 2014