anatomy embriyology and application in prosthodontics

1. Presentation by:
Madhushree patil
1st year PG student
Dept of prosthodontics

2. content
• Introduction
• Hard palate
• Development and embryology
• Anatomy
• Developmental anomalies
• Prosthodontics consideration
• Soft palate
• Anatomy
• Developmental anomalies
• Prosthodontic consideration

3. INTRODUCTION
• Palate : Roof of the oral cavity.
• It has two parts
–an anterior hard palate
–a posterior soft palate

4. Palate is a bony plate covered above and below by
Mucosa.
Above:
covered by respiratory mucosa and forms floor of nasal cavity
Below:
covered by oral mucosa and forms much of the roof of oral
cavity

5. Development and embryology

6. Development of palate

7. Constituent of
development of palate

8. Embryological subdivision

9. Anatomy and osteology
• The anteriolateral -margins of the palate are
continuous with the alveolar arches and gums.
• The posterior- margin gives attachment to the
soft palate.
• The superior -surface forms the floor of the
nose.
• The inferior- surface forms the roof of the oral
cavity

10. • Palatine processes of the maxillae form the anterior 3/4 of
the hard palate
• Horizontal plates of the palatine bones form the posterior
1/4

11. SUTURE:
• INTERMAXILLARY
SUTURE
• INTERPALATINE SUTURE
• PALATOMAXILLARY
SUTURE
INCISIVE CANAL:
• Greater palatine vessels
• Nasopalatine nerve(terminal
part)
GREATER PALATINE
FORAMEN:
• Greater palatine vessels
• Anterior palatine nerve
LESSER PALATINE
FORAMEN:
• Middle and Posterior

12. Developmental defects of
palate
• Diagnosis generally unilateral and bilateral clefts
in the palate is classified in 3 groups :
• Clefts of anterior (primary)palate (i.e clefts ant.
To incisive fossa)results from failure of
mesenchymal masses in lateral palatine
processes to meet and fuse with mesenchyme in
primary palate

13. DAVIS AND RITICHIE
CLASSIFICATION (1992)
• This is classification based on the location of cleft relative
to alveolar process .
a)Group 1-pre alveolar clefts :
- unilateral
- bilateral
- median
b)Group 2 -post alveolar clefts:
c)Group 3 -Alveolar clefts:
-Unilateral
-bilateral
-median

14. VEAU’S CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM(1931)
Class 1 Class 2
Class 3 Class 4

15. FOGH ANDERSONS
CLASSIFICATON (1942)
• Group 1: They are clefts of lips
-single-unilateral
-double –bilateral clefts
• Group 2: They are the clefts of lip and palate
-single –unilateral
-double – bilateral clefts.
• Group 3: They are cleft of palate extending up
to Incisive formane

16. SCHUCHARDT AND PFEIFERS
SYMBOLIC CLASSIFICATION

17. KERNAHAN’S STRIPPED
(Y)CLASSIFICATION

18. • Obturators
A prosthesis used to close a congenital or acquired
tissues opening ,primarily of hard palate and contiguous
alveolar structures. Prosthetic restoration of defects often
includes use of surgical obturators ,interim obturators, and
definitive obturators .

19. TORUS PALATINUS
• Localized nodular enlargement (exostosis) of the cortical
bone
• Usually – midline of the palate
• Pose a mechanical problem in the construction of
denture

20. INFLAMMATORY PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA
• Common lesion that develops on the central hard palate
• in response to chronic denture irritation

21. Soft palate
• Movable, muscular fold,
suspended from the posterior
border of the hard palate.
• It separates the nasopharynx
from the oropharynx. Acts as a
valve that can be:
 depressed to help close the
oropharyngeal isthmus;
 elevated to separate the
nasopharynx from the
oropharynx.

22. MUSCLES OF SOFT PALATE
• Tensor veli palatini
• Levator veli palatini
• Musculus uvulae
• Palato pharyngeus
• Palatoglossus

23. • ORIGIN:
Lateral side of auditary tube
Scaphoid fossa of sphenoid
bone
• INSERTION:
Palatine aponeurosis
• NERVE SUPPLY:
Mandibular nerve to
medial pterygoid muscle
• ACTION:
Tightens the soft palate
Opens the auditory tube
TENSOR VELI PALATINI

24. • ORIGIN:
Petrous temporal bone
Inferior aspect of auditory tube
• INSERTION:
Upper surface of palatine
aponeurosis
• NERVE SUPPLY:
Vagus N via pharyngeal plexus
• ACTION:
Elevates the soft palate
LEVATORE VELI PALATINI

25. • ORIGIN:
Posterior nasal spine of hard palate
• INSERTION:
Connective tissue of uvula
• NERVE SUPPLY:
Vagus N via pharyngeal plexus
• ACTION:
Elevates and retracts uvula
thickens central region of soft
palate
MUSCULUS UVULAE

26. • ORIGIN:
Inferior surface of palatine
aponeurosis
• INSERTION:
Lateral margin of tongue
• NERVE SUPPLY:
Vagus N via pharyngealn plexus
• ACTION:
Depresses palate Moves palatoglossal
arch toward midline elevates back of
the tongue
PALATOGLOSSUS

27. • ORIGIN:
Superior surface of palatine
aponeurosis
• INSERTION:
Pharyngeal wall
• NERVE SUPPLY:
Vagus N via pharyngeal plexus
• ACTION:
Depresses soft palate
moves palatopharyngeal arch toward
midline elevates pharynx
PALATOPHARYNGEUS

28. • Greater palatine branch of the maxillary artery
• Ascending palatine branch of the facial artery
• Palatine branch of the Ascending pharyngeal artery

29. VEINS:
• Pterygoid plexuses
• tonsillar plexuses of veins.
LYMPHATICS:
• Upper deep cervical
• retropharyngeal lymph
nodes.

30. NERVE SUPPLY
• Supplied by the greater and lesser palatine nerves and the
nasopalatine nerve
• General sensory fibers carried in all these nerves originate in the
pterygopalatine fossa from the maxillary nerve
• Special sensory and scretomotor nerves are contained in lesser palatine
nerves.

31. Movement and function
of soft palate

32. • The anatomy of the soft palate determines the location of
the distal border of maxillary denture base and posterior
palatal seal
• The posterior extention of the maxillary denture base lies
in soft palate i.e, in palatal aponeurosis and overlying
mucosa
• Palatine muscles and contour of the soft palate
determines the extent and contour of the soft palate
• The seal should follow the contour of the palatine bones
and extends from hammular notch to hammular notch
Prosthodontic consideretion

33. • House classification of palatal throat forms
Found on line drawn between to hammular notches
Class I- more than 5 mm of tissue available for post
damming Ideal for retention

34. • Class II – 3-5 mm distal about 1-5 mm tissue available
• Class III – 3-5 mm anterior less than 1 mm tissue
available for post damming

35. • The slender tendon of tensor palatinae could
influence the denture contour when tout in
hammular notch area
• Vibrating line determined by the elevation of soft
palate during contraction of levator palatinae
• When 2 palatoglossi contract they draw the tongue
and soft palate together and close the isthumus of
fauces and bring lateral pressure ligual to the
extension of the mandibular denture base

36. summary
• Before construction of complete denture prostheses is
begun,the oral tissues and oral environment should be
assessed to ascertain that the denture bearing tissues
will accept the prosthesis and support it in comfort
• proper border seal will ensure a more retentive
prosthesis for patient,whose satisfaction is the dentists
main concern if anatomy and physiology of area is
understood

37. Refrences
• B D Chaurasia’s human anatomy 5th edition
• Human emnryology – inderbir singh 11th edition
• Burket’s oral medicine 11th edition
• Orban’ s oral histology and embryology
• Shafers textbook of oral pathology 7th edition