Draw a Pie chart using excel This circuit describes the size of the male sample versus the female sample. As shown in the previous table Also draw a Bar chart using excel .Note that the sample size is 366, and the ages are shown in the table above Running head: CLINICAL SUPERVISION 1 CLINICAL SUPERVISION 1 Idalmis Espinosa As people become older, they become susceptible to various chronic illnesses and this includes mental health and psychiatric illnesses. The country is continuing to have better health services due to increase in research and health technology. This has led to a situation where life expectancy has increased. As such, the number of elderly persons has increased in the country and it is still on the rise. This aging population still has significant vulnerabilities like cognitive decline and this means that psychotherapists need to be cognizant of effective ways of dealing with the mental health and psychological needs of this population (McGuire, 2009). Because of the complicate nature of the needs that aging people have including multiple comorbidities, it may be challenging to have the expected outcomes when counselling them and this could be discouraging. However, there is need to utilize evidence and learn from experience in order to ensure that elderly persons are taken care of to the end and that the expected outcomes are sustainably achieved. In the facility, there have been a number of elderly persons, most of who are treated for cognitive decline. In one case, an elderly woman was introduced by her son and the problem was that she was having delusions and hallucinations. She had also started to become incoherent while speaking and she could not function normally. Notably, these are symptoms that suggest a case of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In the treatment of this disorder, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions can be used. Antipsychotic drugs are always administered. In addition, cognitive behavioral therapy may also be used like it was in this case where both interventions were integrated. Cognitive behavioral therapy is used with a view of countering some negative symptoms and improve the insight of the patient (Hany, Rehman, Azhar & Chapman, 2020). It was expected that the cases of acute psychosis could be effectively managed and the drugs could be changed based on the guidelines in order to reduce cases of relapse. For a while, it was clear that there were improvements. She started to show emotional expression, something that she was staring to find hard to. She also started to become organized and her speech became increasingly coherent. However, this happened only for a short while. She started to experi ...

1. Draw a Pie chart using excel
This circuit describes the size of the male sample versus the
female sample. As shown in the previous table
Also draw a Bar chart using excel
.Note that the sample size is 366, and the ages are shown in the
table above
Running head: CLINICAL SUPERVISION
1
CLINICAL SUPERVISION
1
Idalmis Espinosa
As people become older, they become susceptible to various
chronic illnesses and this includes mental health and psychiatric
illnesses. The country is continuing to have better health
services due to increase in research and health technology. This
has led to a situation where life expectancy has increased. As
such, the number of elderly persons has increased in the country
and it is still on the rise. This aging population still has
significant vulnerabilities like cognitive decline and this means
that psychotherapists need to be cognizant of effective ways of
dealing with the mental health and psychological needs of this
population (McGuire, 2009). Because of the complicate nature
of the needs that aging people have including multiple
comorbidities, it may be challenging to have the expected
outcomes when counselling them and this could be
discouraging. However, there is need to utilize evidence and
learn from experience in order to ensure that elderly persons are
taken care of to the end and that the expected outcomes are
sustainably achieved.

2. In the facility, there have been a number of elderly
persons, most of who are treated for cognitive decline. In one
case, an elderly woman was introduced by her son and the
problem was that she was having delusions and hallucinations.
She had also started to become incoherent while speaking and
she could not function normally. Notably, these are symptoms
that suggest a case of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual (American Psychiatric Association,
2013). In the treatment of this disorder, both pharmacological
and non-pharmacological interventions can be used.
Antipsychotic drugs are always administered. In addition,
cognitive behavioral therapy may also be used like it was in this
case where both interventions were integrated. Cognitive
behavioral therapy is used with a view of countering some
negative symptoms and improve the insight of the patient
(Hany, Rehman, Azhar & Chapman, 2020). It was expected that
the cases of acute psychosis could be effectively managed and
the drugs could be changed based on the guidelines in order to
reduce cases of relapse.
For a while, it was clear that there were improvements.
She started to show emotional expression, something that she
was staring to find hard to. She also started to become
organized and her speech became increasingly coherent.
However, this happened only for a short while. She started to
experience the psychotic symptoms again. When this happened,
a second antipsychotic drug was used and the symptoms started
to improve. This round, the hallucinations and the delusions
also reduced for a while. Even with the cognitive behavioral
therapy, there was relapse for the second time. It became clear
that this was a case of treatment resistance schizophrenia. This
is a serious problem and up to 40 percent of patients that are
diagnosed with this disorder have inadequate response to
antipsychotic treatment (Lowe et al., 2018).
One thing that was important about this client is that she
was smoking and drinking regularly. When she started being
treated, it was important to inform her caregivers at home that

3. she had to stop drinking and smoking. According to the son,
drinking was not a problem but she could not stop smoking.
Smoking may interfere with the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs
and this could be a reason why she was not getting better. In
order to improve the outcomes of this client, there is need to
specifically focus on her and she needs to be given keen
attention. This could be done in a nursing home if she consents
and if the family is okay with that. Clozapine may be introduced
first but she needs to be given close attention and the smoking
should stop.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American
Psychiatric Pub
Hany, M., Rehman, B., Azhar, Y. & Chapman, J. (2020).
Schizophrenia. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539864/#article-
28759.s7
Lowe, P., Krivoy, A., Porffy, L., Henriksdottir, E., Eromona,
W., & Shergill, S. S. (2018). When the drugs don’t work:
treatment-resistant schizophrenia, serotonin and
serendipity. Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology, 8(1),
63-70
McGuire, J. (2009). Ethical considerations when working with
older adults in psychology. Ethics & Behavior, 19(2), 112-128