SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 16
Download to read offline
P r i m a r y a n d
s e c o n d a r y e d u c a t i o n
The Danish
Education System
V o c a t i o n a l e d u c a t i o n
a n d t r a i n i n g
H i g h e r e d u c a t i o n
a n d l i f e l o n g l e a r n i n g
2
The Danish Education System
Step
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
13
12
11
10
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Master’s programmes (candidatus)
PhD
STX
Vocational
education
and training
with EUX
Maritime
education Egu
HHX HTX HF
Professional bachelor programmesBachelor programmes BSc/BA Academy profession programmes
Generel upper secondary education Vocational education and training etc.
Primary and lower secondary education
Adult upper
secondary
level course
Specialneedseducation
ISCED971
Vocational
education
and training
1
International Standard Classification of Education (UNESCO).For a presentation of adult education, see page 10
3
Primary and lower secondary education
The public system
The public municipal school, the
Folkeskole, is a comprehensive, integrated
school covering primary and lower sec-
ondary education (ISCED 1 and 2) without
streaming.
In the school year 2008/2009, 81% of all
pupils in primary and lower secondary
schools attended the Folkeskole, 13%
attended private schools, 4% attended
the private residential schools, Efterskoler,
and 1% attended special schools.
Education is compulsory for ten years
starting the year the child turns six. It is
education itself that is compulsory, not
schooling.
Apart from the compulsory forms 0 to
9, the Folkeskole comprises an optional
form 10. In the school year 2008/2009,
53% of pupils attending form 9 also
attended form 10.
The average number of pupils per class in
the Folkeskole is 20.2, while the figure for
private schools is 16.7 (2008/2009).
School usually starts at 8 a.m. The young-
er pupils finish at around noon or 1 p.m.,
and the older pupils finish at around 2
or 3 p.m. The younger pupils (6-10 years
old) may spend their leisure time in a
municipal leisure-time care facility at
school, Skolefritidsordning (SFO), or at a
recreation centre, Fritidshjem. Both are
fee-based facilities.
According to the Folkeskole Act, schools
must provide pupils with subject-specific
qualifications and prepare them for fur-
ther education. Moreover, it stipulates
that schools should prepare pupils for
their role as citizens in a democratic soci-
ety. The Folkeskole builds on the princi-
ple of differentiated teaching. Teaching
is organised so as to strengthen and
develop interests and qualifications while
catering for the needs of the individual
pupil. At the same time, it aims at devel-
oping cooperative skills among the pupils.
Pupils are continuously evaluated.
Teachers write individual learning plans
for the pupils which are updated regu-
larly. National computer-based tests have
been introduced in a number of subjects
in forms 2 to 8. Progression to the next
form is usually automatic. School-leaving
examinations are taken in forms 9 and
10 and the examinations are compulsory.
Moreover, pupils in form 9 write a one
week project assignment.
Other possibilities
Parents may choose a private school
for their children. Private schools are
self-governing institutions required
to measure up to the standards of
the municipal schools.
There are many different types of
private schools and some are based
on a specific philosophy, a special
pedagogical line or religious belief.
Continuation schools, Efterskoler,
are private residential schools for
pupils in forms 8 to 10. In addition
to normal subjects, emphasis in these
schools is typically on social learn-
ing and fields such as sports, music,
nature or ecology.
Most private schools receive a sub-
stantial state subsidy based on the
number of pupils in these schools.
4
General and vocational
upper secondary education
In Denmark, upper secondary education
programmes (ISCED 3), also referred to
as youth education programmes, can be
divided into:
•	 General upper secondary education
programmes, which primarily prepare
for higher education.
•	 Vocational upper secondary education
and training programmes, which pri-
marily prepare trainees for a career in a
specific trade or industry.
In 2008, 241,000 pupils were enrolled in
upper secondary education programmes.
Approximately 49% were enrolled in a
general programme at 149 institutions,
while 51% were enrolled in a vocational
programme at 109 institutions.
General upper secondary
education programmes
There are four academically oriented
­general upper secondary programmes:
•	 The 3-year Upper Secondary School
Leaving Examination (STX);
•	 The 3-year Higher Commercial
Examination (HHX);
•	 The 3-year Higher Technical
Examination (HTX); and
•	 The 2-year Higher Preparatory
Examination (HF).
All four programmes prepare pupils for
further studies and, at the same time,
develop the pupils’ personal and general
competencies. The programmes aim at
enhancing the pupils’ independent and
analytical skills as well as preparing them
to become democratic and socially con-
scious citizens with a global outlook.
Each of the education programmes has
its specific range of compulsory subjects
that are common for all pupils taking the
programme. With regards to the STX,
HHX and HTX, each school also offers a
number of different specialized studies
programme (packages normally contain-
ing three subjects) and elective subjects
5
for pupils to choose between. The spe-
cialized study programme is of a longer
duration than the basic programme.
With regards to the HF programme,
pupils make their choices from among the
electives offered by the school.
The curriculum and examinations must
follow national standards and are subject
to external evaluation. The curricula of
the HHX and the HTX differ from those of
the STX and the HF in the sense that the
HHX besides some general upper second-
ary subjects include financial and business
subjects and the HTX technical subjects.
The STX and HF programmes are offered
by general upper secondary schools.
This sort of school is called Gymnasium.
Business and technical colleges offer the
HHX and the HTX programmes, respec-
tively. Some schools are mixed schools
offering various types of programmes.
Admission requirements for the STX,
HHX and HTX are a Leaving Certificate
of the Folkeskole as well as certain sub-
ject requirements. For the HF, admission
requirements are 10 years of basic school
or the equivalent thereof. The STX,
HHX and HTX are for those aged 16-19,
whereas the HF attracts both young peo-
ple and adults. The HF programme can be
taken on a single-subject basis and is also
taught in evening classes.
Starting from the school year 2010/2011,
a new youth programme is offered to
young pupils - EUX. It is a general upper
secondary education STX programme
which VET students can attend while
completing their VET programme. Not
all VET programmes will be able to offer
this combination. The programme is to
be adapted so it fits each of the VET
programmes with regards to duration
and subjects. EUX gives general access to
higher education.
Vocational Education and
Training (VET)
Vocational education and training (VET)
includes a vast range of programmes. The
duration varies from 1½ to 5½ years,
the most typical being 3½ to 4 years.
VET programmes are sandwich-type
programmes in which theoretical and
practical education at a vocational college
(approximately 1/3 of the time) alternates
with practical training in an approved
company or organisation (approximately
2/3 of the time). The dual training prin-
ciple ensures that the trainees acquire
theoretical, practical, general and per-
sonal skills, which are in demand on the
labour market.
Vocational education and training con-
sists of a basic course and a main course.
The basic course is flexible in duration
and depends on the individual pupil’s
prior qualifications. The typical length of
a basic course is between 20 to 25 weeks
followed by the main course, which is
based on the alternating principle. This
typically takes 3 - 3½ years, but can be
shorter or longer for certain programmes.
In order to complete the main course, the
pupil must have a training agreement
with an approved company which offers
training. The agreement can cover all
or parts of the basic course, but is com-
pulsory for the main course.
VET programmes are normally completed
with a journeyman’s test or a similar
examination testing vocational skills and
knowledge.
The majority commences their VET pro-
gramme with an initial basic programme
at a vocational college, but some trainees
choose to begin with a period of in-
company training before they enter the
basic programme. Also, pupils who prefer
practical training to school attendance
can commence their vocational educa-
tion in a company which offers practical
training. Also referred to as the ”New
Apprenticeship”. The pupil enters a train-
ing agreement with a company and dur-
ing the first year must acquire the same
knowledge and qualifications as the
pupils who have followed the basic pro-
gramme at a college. This requires flex-
ible adaptation on the part of the pupil,
the company and the college.
6
There is a choice of 12 vocational clusters
which lead to the related vocational
­programme:
•	 Motor vehicle, aircraft and other means
of transportation
•	 Building and construction
•	 Construction and user service
•	 Animals, plants and nature
•	 Body and style
•	 Human food
•	 Media production
•	 Business
•	 Production and development
•	 Electricity, management and IT
•	 Health, care and pedagogy
•	 Transport and logistics
Admission to vocational education and
training requires completion of compulsory
education. All programmes qualify trainees
for labour market entry as skilled workers.
In addition, some programmes can qualify
trainees for admission to certain types of
higher education programmes.
7
Basic Educational and
Vocational Training (EGU)
A special option for young people in a
difficult educational or employment situ-
ation is the vocational basic training pro-
gramme (EGU). The EGU is an individually
designed programme focused on a spe-
cific trade, or composed of elements from
several trades/programmes.
The EGU alternates between school-based
periods and periods of practical training in
one or more companies. The main focus
is on practical training and an individual
programme is designed for each trainee
depending on his or her needs and inter-
ests. Trainees are offered individual guid-
ance during the entire programme.
In most cases, the trainees finish their EGU
after two years but it may be extended by
up to one more year.
A completed EGU gives access to employ-
ment and also allows the trainees to con-
tinue in a VET programme.
Production schools
Production schools are schools for
young people under the age of 25
who have not completed a youth
education programme and who
belong to the target group of
production schools. The purposes
of the production schools are to
enhance pupils’ personal develop-
ment and to improve their future
possibilities in the education sys-
tem and on the labour market.
There are around 90 production
schools in Denmark, often placed
in small and medium-sized towns.
Production schools are based on
practical work in workshops, rang-
ing from carpentry or metalwork
to media or theatre workshops.
Teaching is aimed at providing
the young people with qualifica-
tions which will enable them to
complete a vocationally qualifying
educational programme after leav-
ing the production school. Pupils
are offered individual guidance
on a day-to-day basis to support
their efforts to clarify their future
choice of education, training and
job. There are no examinations at
production schools.
Production schools have continu-
ous intake. Pupils typically stay
for an average of 5 months;
approximately 30% for more than
6 months. A pupil is entitled to a
maximum of one year at a produc-
tion school.
8
Higher Education
Danish higher education institutions use
the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS)
for measuring study activities. 60 ECTS
correspond to one year of full time study.
There are four types of institutions offer-
ing higher education programmes, each
with well-defined profiles and qualities.
Academies of professional
higher education
(erhvervsakademier)
Academies of professional higher edu-
cation offer academy profession pro-
grammes of 90-150 ECTS in fields such
as business, technology and IT. The pro-
grammes prepare the students for per-
forming practical, vocational tasks on an
analytical basis and may lead to employ-
ment in middle-management positions.
They combine theoretical studies with a
practically oriented approach in form of
work placement. Degree holders with a
short cycle academy profession degree
can obtain a professional bachelor degree
within the same field of study with a top-
up programme of 90 ECTS.
University Colleges
(professionshøjskoler)
University colleges and specialised col-
leges offer professional bachelor pro-
grammes of 180-240 ECTS in fields such
as business, education, engineering and
nursing. The programmes have a strong
focus on professional practice and provide
students with knowledge of theory and
the application of theory to professions
and industries. The programmes include
a period of work placement of at least
30 ECTS. Most programmes give access to
further studies in the same field.
Universities
All Danish universities are research-inten-
sive institutions offering research-based
study programmes in all three cycles up
to PhD level. The bachelor degree (BSc/
BA) is awarded after 180 ECTS and quali-
fies for a professional career and further
studies at second cycle level. Most stu-
dents choose to continue in candidatus
programme (MSc/MA) of 120 ECTS. They
usually include one or two of the major
fields of study of the bachelor ­programme.
9
Independent research activities and a
master’s thesis of at least 30 ECTS are
required. The candidatus programmes
qualify students for a professional career
and for scientific work. The PhD degree
is obtained after 180 ECTS and consists of
research, participation in research courses,
teaching and public defence of a thesis.
University level institutions
A number of university level institutions
are regulated by the Danish Ministry of
Culture and offer first, second and third
cycle degree programmes in subject fields
such as architecture, design, music and
fine and performing arts. The bachelor,
master and PhD programmes at these
institutions are awarded after 180, 120
and 180 ECTS, respectively. A higher edu-
cation degree within theatre or filmmak-
ing is awarded after 4 years of study (240
ECTS). Music Academies offer a special-
ist degree of 2 to 4 years following the
­master’s degree.
Admission
General access requirements to higher
education are one of the general upper
secondary school leaving examinations,
or comparable qualifications. Access may
also depend on specific requirements
such as a particular subject combination
in upper secondary school or a certain
level of grades. Admission to some par-
ticular programmes requires entrance
examination or submission of a portfolio
of artistic work.
Programmes and courses
taught in English
Danish higher education institutions offer
more than 500 degree programmes (most
of them at candidatus level) and over
1,000 individual modules taught entirely
in English. For more information about
courses and programmes in English and
courses in Danish language and culture,
please see www.studyindenmark.dk.
Other educational
­programmes
There are educational programmes which
do not belong under the mentioned head-
ings. These are for example programmes
within the police force, some programmes
within the area of defense and the mari-
time area, where admission requirements
can differ between completions of com-
pulsory schooling, VET programmes to
relevant experience.
10
­­
Adult education and continuing training
Denmark has a long-standing tradition
of lifelong learning. In 2008, nearly one
in three of the population in the age
bracket 25 – 64 years participated in edu-
cational activity, counting both publicly
funded and workplace internal and pri-
vate education programmes and courses
in connection with employment or in
some form of leisure-time education.
Education and training for
adults at all levels
Adult general education and vocational
education and training range from non-
formal education to qualifying general
education and continuing vocational
training. Generally, the syllabus and
examinations are adapted to the experi-
ence and interests of adults and in some
cases they may obtain recognition for
prior formal and non-formal learning.
Adult courses leading to formal qualifica-
tions qualifying for further education or
for the labour market include:
•	 Preparatory adult education (FVU,
offered to improve basic literacy and
numeracy skills of adults who do not
have sufficient qualifications to follow
education and training or cope with
the demands of working life).
•	 General adult education (AVU, general
education at lower secondary level).
•	 Higher preparatory single-subject
courses (HF, general education at upper
secondary level).
•	 Adult vocational training (AMU, the
main target group is unskilled and
skilled workers on the labour market
who need to develop their competen­
cies. The programmes are developed
and adapted according to the needs of
the labour market).
•	 Basic adult education (GVU, based on
credit for former experience and quali-
fications of the individual participant
supplemented with selected courses
Mainstream Education System Vocationally Adult Education General Adult Education Non-formal Adult EducationYears
of education
Master
&
PhD
Bachelor
Profes-
sional
Bachelor
Academy
Profession
Vocational
Education
and
Training
General and
Vocational
Upper Secondary
Education
Primary and
Lower secondary
Education
Continuation
schools
Production
schools
Adult Vocational
Training
programmes
CVT
(AMU)
Basic Adult
Education
(GVU)
Further
Adult
Education
Diploma
level
Master
level
Higher
Preparatory
Examination
(HF)
General
Adult
Education
(AVU)
Preparatory
Adult
Education
(FVU) SpecialEducationforAdults
DanishasasecondLanguage
forForeigners
University
ExtensionServices
FolkHighSchools
StudyAssociations
DayFolkHighSchools
The model only shows levels,
not extent of activity.
13th-17th
13th-15th
13th-14th
10th-12th
9th-10th
Light green = Mainstream Education System (column 1)
Light cyan = Vocationally Adult Education (column 2)
Light pink = General Adult Education (column 3)
Light yellow = Non-formal Adult Education (column 4) For a presentation of the ordinary, formal system, see page 2
Levels can not be indicated precisely
11
from the vocational training programme
leading to the same professional level
and same final test as pupils who com-
plete a corresponding youth education).
•	 Further adult education (VVU, corres­
ponding to the level of academy profes-
sion programmes).
•	 Diploma programmes (Diploma degree,
corresponding to the level of bachelor
programmes).
•	 Master’s programmes (Master degree,
corresponding to the level of candidatus
programmes).
Non-formal education
A wide range of different schools operate
within the framework of non-formal adult
education (folkeoplysning). The most well-
known are the Folk High Schools, which
are residential schools providing general
and non-formal education. The length
of courses vary – from one week to up
to almost a year – and are attended by
adults of all ages. They are non-qualifying
courses meant to broaden general, social
and democratic competencies. Other
programmes of non-formal adult edu-
cation are offered by Adult Education
Associations and Day Folk High Schools, or
can be university extension courses.
12
­­
Grading scale
In Denmark, a new grading system was
implemented in 2006: the 7-point grading
scale. Students are in tests and examina-
tions given an assessment on the basis of
the grading scale below. According to the
rules on the individual study programmes,
the grades must be documented by test,
examination or leaving certificates.
7-point grading scale
Grade Description ECTS Old scale
(00-13)
12 For an excellent performance display-
ing a high level of command of all
aspects of the relevant material, with
no or only a few minor weaknesses
A 13
11
10 For a very good performance display-
ing a high level of commant of most
aspects of the relevant material, with
only minor weaknesses
B 10
7 For a good performance displaying
good command of the relevant mate-
rial but also some weaknesses
C 9
8
4 For a fair performance displaying some
command of the relevant material but
also some major weaknesses
D 7
02 For a performance meeting only the
minimum requirements for acceptance
E 6
00 Fo ra performance which does not
meet the minimum requirements for
acceptance
Fx 5
03
-3 For a performance which is unaccept-
able in all respects
F 00
13
Financing and ownership
The education system is financed by the
state or the municipalities. Some institu-
tions are self-governing, while others are
owned by the state or the municipalities.
The table below illustrates the sources
of funding and forms of ownership for
selected groups of institutions. In addi-
tion to public financing, tuition fees are
charged at private schools and there is
user payment for a number of adult edu-
cation programmes.
Taximeter financing
The central government’s system of financ­
ing education and training is almost
exclusively based on the so-called taxi-
meter system, a comprehensive financing
system based on per capita grants (cash-
per student) to institutions. The grants
are calculated primarily on the recorded
student activity measured on the passing
of examinations. The taximeter rate varies
according to subject field and level of
education.
State institutions State-funded/­supported,
self-governing institutions
Institutions funded
by the municipalities
Tuition fee
The Folkeskole x No
Free elementary schools x1
Yes
Continuation schools x2
Yes
Gymnasium x No
Commercial colleges x No
Technical colleges x No
Maritime schools x No
Schools of marine engineering x No
SOSU colleges x No
Academies of professional higher education x No
Specialised colleges and university colleges x No
Universities x No
Schools of architecture x No
Academies of music x No
Adult education centres x Yes
Labour market training courses x Yes
Folk High Schools x Yes
Evening schools x Yes
1
Public contribution to free elementary schools: 85% of the State’s operational grant per pupil, excluding expenditures for pensions.
2
Continuation schools depend on a large degree of State funding. Pupils at continuation schools do have to pay a tuition fee but the amount varies ­– and is
	 subsidised by the State – depending on the parents’ income. Average annual tuition fee per pupil amounts to DKK 25,000 excluding state subsidies (2005).
14
Education grants and loan scheme
Through the State Educational Grant
and Loan Scheme (SU), the Danish state
provides financial support to all Danes
over the age of 18 enrolled in a youth or
higher education programme. There are
two main support programmes:
•	 Pupils following a youth education
­programmes
•	 Students enrolled in higher education
programmes
In combination with both types of grants,
students can also make use of supplemen-
tary state loans. Around 50 per cent of all
students make use of these loans.
Danish students can obtain support for
studies abroad if the courses meet the
same conditions for recognition as Danish
courses and programmes.
Foreign students are normally not entitled
to educational support, however there are
exceptions.
The state also provides financial support
for adults in adult education and continu-
ing training.
For more information, please see ­
www.su.dk
•	 47 Youth Guidance Centres
(Ungdommens Uddannelsesvejledning)
focus on the transition from compulsory
to youth education.
•	 7 Regional Guidance Centres (Studievalg)
deal with the transition from youth edu-
cation to higher education.
A national guidance portal – the
“Education Guide”: www.ug.dk  – provides
comprehensive information on education
and training possibilities at all levels, pro-
­­­­Career guidance
Provision of high quality guidance services
is important at all levels of the educa-
tion system. Starting with general career
education in form 1 in the Folkeskole and
delivering of guidance from form 7, pupils
are gradually prepared for making their
first educational and vocational decisions.
Two types of independent guidance cen-
tres provide guidance in relation to the
transitions from one level of the education
system to another:
fessions, labour market conditions and
statistics. A national e-guidance centre
provides users with online guidance serv-
ice seven days a week. It is established in
­relation to www.ug.dk
For more information about career guid-
ance in the Danish education system, please
see en.iu.dk/Euroguidance/publications
15
Quality assurance	
The standard and quality of educational
provision in the Danish education system
are assured by a number of elements,
including:
•	Common rules and guidelines (curricula)
specifying the aims, contents and duration
of programmes and individual subjects.
•	Testing and examination system, with the
use of external examiners.
•	Ministerial approval of provision and
inspection in a varying degree within the
different education areas.
•	Quality rules, which have been intro-
duced in a number of educational fields.
•	The Danish Evaluation Institute (EVA) and
the Accreditation Agency ACE Denmark,
which both play an important role in the
national system of quality assurance.
Internationalisation	
Private education institutions at primary
and secondary level may operate without
any state approval. However, if they wish
for their pupils to be eligible for state study
grants they must accept an accreditation
procedure.
For all higher education programmes,
accreditation is mandatory and a precon-
dition for attaining public funding. The
accreditation system is based on the 2007
Act on the Accreditation Agency for Higher
Education. The Act aims to create a system
with a view to ensuring and documenting
the quality and relevance of higher educa-
tion in the Danish educational institutions.
According to the Accreditation Act, the
Accreditation Council is the specific unit
which makes the decisions regarding
accreditation of all higher education study
programmes. Decisions are made on the
basis of accreditation reports prepared by
accreditation operators:
-	 For university study programmes under
the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology
and Innovation, ACE Denmark prepares
the accreditation reports.
-	 For higher education study programmes
under the Danish Ministry of Education
and the Danish Ministry of Culture, EVA
prepares the accreditation reports.
EVA also carries out systematic evaluations
within the area of early childhood education
as well as evaluations of programmes, teach-
ing and learning in compulsory schooling
and in youth programmes.
For more information, please see
www.eva.dk and www.acedenmark.dk
Great importance is attached to the inter-
nationalisation of education and training
in Denmark. The objective is to prepare
pupils and students to meet the challenges
of a globalised world by including intercul-
tural understanding and international com-
petencies in the entire educational system.
It is the aim of the Danish government to
make Denmark a leading entrepreneurial
and knowledge-based society offering
educational programmes which rank
among the best in the world and to create
the best possible opportunities for citizens
and businesses to realize the vision about
Denmark as a network society. In order to
face the challenges of globalization, it is of
high priority to have top-level educational
institutions with strong academic environ-
ments which can attract talented national
and international students and researchers
and provide the foundation for a vibrant
societal development.
At governmental level, Denmark is an
active partner in the educational coopera-
tion of the EU, the Council of Europe, the
OECD, UNESCO and the Nordic countries.
Furthermore, Denmark is a member of
the ENIC Network (European Network
of Information Centres) and the NARIC
Network (National Academic Recognition
Information Centres).
The Copenhagen and Bologna processes
and the overall objective that Europe will
become one large higher education area
also play important roles in the develop-
ment of Danish education and training. At
institutional level, schools and institutions
actively participate in international coop-
eration and exchange programmes, both
within Europe and worldwide.
Internationalisation at all levels of the
education and training system is supported
and promoted by the Danish Agency for
International Education – an authority
within the Ministry of Science, Technology
and Innovation. Please read more about the
Agency at www.en.iu.dk.
Education in a knowledge society
Education for all
Provision of high quality education at all
levels is essential to ensure competitive-
ness in today’s global society. Thus, Danish
education aims to ensure that all young
people acquire knowledge and competen-
cies which will qualify them to take active
part in – and to contribute to the further
development of – the knowledge society.
Education is open to all and generally free
of charge. Other characteristic features of
the Danish education system include:
•	 High standards
	 The quality of Danish education is assured
in many ways. It is mainly regulated and
financed by the state and all public edu-
cational institutions are approved and
evaluated on an ongoing basis.
•	 Lifelong learning
	 Lifelong learning is a key principle in
Denmark. The idea goes all the way
back to the 19th century Danish clergy-
man and philosopher N.F.S. Grundtvig,
who argued that a prerequisite for
active participation in a democratic
society is education for all citizens on a
lifelong basis.
•	 Active participation
	 Treating pupils and students as inde-
pendent people with a right to form
their own opinion and a duty to partici-
pate actively in discussions is a matter
of course in Danish education.
•	 Project work
	­At all levels of the education system,
pupils and students attend classes, how-
ever, they also carry out project work,
either on an individual basis or in small
groups. Interdisciplinary activities are also
an integrated part of Danish education.
Facts & figures
•	 Population: 5.4 mil. (2010).
•	 Percentage of a year group completing
a youth education programme: 84.4%
(2008).
•	 Percentage of a year group completing
a higher education programme: 46.6%
(2008).
•	 Percentage of a year group of women
completing a higher education pro-
gramme: Approximately 55% (2008).
•	 Percentage of a year group of men
completing a higher education pro-
gramme: Approximately 38% (2008).
•	 Percentage of total national expendi-
ture spent on education (incl. SU
grants): 15.6% (2009).
	
For more facts & figures, please see
http://www.e-pages.dk/uvm/26/.
The Danish Agency for
International Education
The Danish Agency for International
Education is an authority within the
Danish Ministry of Science, Technology
and Innovation responsible for supporting
the internationalisation of education and
training in Denmark.
The Agency is the national agency for
two EU education programmes, Lifelong
Learning and Youth in Action, as well as
for other similar programmes, including
Nordic and Danish education programmes
and initiatives.
The Agency is also the central institution
in Denmark where persons with foreign
qualifications can have these assessed and
recognised.
Furthermore, the Agency is responsible
for the promotion of Denmark as a study
destination and is the national coordina-
tor for the attraction and retention of
international students in Denmark.
Lastly, the Agency is an information cen-
tre with regards to the internationalisa-
tion of all the educational sectors.
Further information
•	 The Danish Agency for International
Education www.iu.dk
•	 Study in Denmark
	 www.studyindenmark.dk
•	 The Ministry of Education www.uvm.dk
•	 The Ministry of Science, Technology
and Innovation www.vtu.dk
•	 The Ministry of Culture www.kum.dk
Danish Agency for International Education, 2010
Published with support from the European Commission.
Photos: Colourbox, Møldrup Skole.
Layout and DTP: Faust Dyrbye a/s

More Related Content

What's hot

DepEd's Schools Mapping Initiative
DepEd's Schools Mapping InitiativeDepEd's Schools Mapping Initiative
DepEd's Schools Mapping Initiativeesambale
 
Development, Process & Implementation of Curriculum (DepEd, CHED & TESDA)
Development, Process & Implementation of Curriculum (DepEd, CHED & TESDA)Development, Process & Implementation of Curriculum (DepEd, CHED & TESDA)
Development, Process & Implementation of Curriculum (DepEd, CHED & TESDA)Jewel Jem
 
SCHOOL AS A SOCIAL CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY INSTITUION
SCHOOL AS A SOCIAL CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY INSTITUION SCHOOL AS A SOCIAL CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY INSTITUION
SCHOOL AS A SOCIAL CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY INSTITUION Tasneem Ahmad
 
The education system in france
The education system in franceThe education system in france
The education system in franceSohail Nathwani
 
Japan's Educational System
Japan's Educational SystemJapan's Educational System
Japan's Educational SystemKhatski Taborada
 
Intended vs Implemented vs Achieved Curriculum
Intended vs Implemented vs Achieved CurriculumIntended vs Implemented vs Achieved Curriculum
Intended vs Implemented vs Achieved CurriculumClarence Yarte
 
Madrasah Curriculum
Madrasah CurriculumMadrasah Curriculum
Madrasah CurriculumJan Nah
 
Curriculum development in the Philippines by Karel Mie M. Prado
Curriculum development in the Philippines  by Karel Mie M. PradoCurriculum development in the Philippines  by Karel Mie M. Prado
Curriculum development in the Philippines by Karel Mie M. Pradomiekhy
 
Comparative study of international, regional, and
Comparative study of international, regional, andComparative study of international, regional, and
Comparative study of international, regional, andMarianne Soriano
 
Historical background of curriculum in the philippines
Historical background of curriculum in the philippinesHistorical background of curriculum in the philippines
Historical background of curriculum in the philippinesPrincessEvanoso
 
A comparison between education in pakistan and uk
A comparison between education in pakistan and ukA comparison between education in pakistan and uk
A comparison between education in pakistan and uksheroz_ramzan
 
What is the role of school in society?
What is the role of school in society?What is the role of school in society?
What is the role of school in society?Avalon Johnson
 
Inclusive classrooms
Inclusive classrooms  Inclusive classrooms
Inclusive classrooms poojarya
 
Educational system in singapore.pptx
Educational system in singapore.pptxEducational system in singapore.pptx
Educational system in singapore.pptxMichelleFabeBaguio
 
South african education system
South african education systemSouth african education system
South african education systemaxuedu
 

What's hot (20)

DepEd's Schools Mapping Initiative
DepEd's Schools Mapping InitiativeDepEd's Schools Mapping Initiative
DepEd's Schools Mapping Initiative
 
TESDA
TESDATESDA
TESDA
 
Development, Process & Implementation of Curriculum (DepEd, CHED & TESDA)
Development, Process & Implementation of Curriculum (DepEd, CHED & TESDA)Development, Process & Implementation of Curriculum (DepEd, CHED & TESDA)
Development, Process & Implementation of Curriculum (DepEd, CHED & TESDA)
 
SCHOOL AS A SOCIAL CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY INSTITUION
SCHOOL AS A SOCIAL CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY INSTITUION SCHOOL AS A SOCIAL CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY INSTITUION
SCHOOL AS A SOCIAL CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY INSTITUION
 
The education system in france
The education system in franceThe education system in france
The education system in france
 
Japan's Educational System
Japan's Educational SystemJapan's Educational System
Japan's Educational System
 
Intended vs Implemented vs Achieved Curriculum
Intended vs Implemented vs Achieved CurriculumIntended vs Implemented vs Achieved Curriculum
Intended vs Implemented vs Achieved Curriculum
 
Madrasah Curriculum
Madrasah CurriculumMadrasah Curriculum
Madrasah Curriculum
 
Curriculum development in the Philippines by Karel Mie M. Prado
Curriculum development in the Philippines  by Karel Mie M. PradoCurriculum development in the Philippines  by Karel Mie M. Prado
Curriculum development in the Philippines by Karel Mie M. Prado
 
Comparative study of international, regional, and
Comparative study of international, regional, andComparative study of international, regional, and
Comparative study of international, regional, and
 
Historical background of curriculum in the philippines
Historical background of curriculum in the philippinesHistorical background of curriculum in the philippines
Historical background of curriculum in the philippines
 
A comparison between education in pakistan and uk
A comparison between education in pakistan and ukA comparison between education in pakistan and uk
A comparison between education in pakistan and uk
 
Ched ppt report
Ched ppt reportChed ppt report
Ched ppt report
 
What is the role of school in society?
What is the role of school in society?What is the role of school in society?
What is the role of school in society?
 
Inclusive classrooms
Inclusive classrooms  Inclusive classrooms
Inclusive classrooms
 
Educational system in singapore.pptx
Educational system in singapore.pptxEducational system in singapore.pptx
Educational system in singapore.pptx
 
Education In Korea (Ppt)
Education In Korea (Ppt)Education In Korea (Ppt)
Education In Korea (Ppt)
 
South african education system
South african education systemSouth african education system
South african education system
 
Australia system of education
Australia system of educationAustralia system of education
Australia system of education
 
Education In Finland
Education In FinlandEducation In Finland
Education In Finland
 

Viewers also liked

Denmark Country PowerPoint Presentation Content
Denmark Country PowerPoint Presentation ContentDenmark Country PowerPoint Presentation Content
Denmark Country PowerPoint Presentation ContentAndrew Schwartz
 
Denmark presentation
Denmark presentationDenmark presentation
Denmark presentationJan Pingel
 
Denmark presentation
Denmark presentationDenmark presentation
Denmark presentationisadorab
 
First language acquisition
First language acquisition First language acquisition
First language acquisition Valeria Roldán
 
Explaining first language acquisition
Explaining first language acquisitionExplaining first language acquisition
Explaining first language acquisitionUTPL UTPL
 

Viewers also liked (6)

Denmark Country PowerPoint Presentation Content
Denmark Country PowerPoint Presentation ContentDenmark Country PowerPoint Presentation Content
Denmark Country PowerPoint Presentation Content
 
Denmark presentation
Denmark presentationDenmark presentation
Denmark presentation
 
Denmark presentation
Denmark presentationDenmark presentation
Denmark presentation
 
Denmark PPT
Denmark PPTDenmark PPT
Denmark PPT
 
First language acquisition
First language acquisition First language acquisition
First language acquisition
 
Explaining first language acquisition
Explaining first language acquisitionExplaining first language acquisition
Explaining first language acquisition
 

Similar to Danish Education System

Comparing educational system of finland
Comparing educational system of finlandComparing educational system of finland
Comparing educational system of finlandYM Bait
 
Vocational Education in Greece
Vocational Education in Greece Vocational Education in Greece
Vocational Education in Greece poweruperasmus
 
What kind of second opportunity education do we have in Portugal
What kind of second opportunity education do we have in PortugalWhat kind of second opportunity education do we have in Portugal
What kind of second opportunity education do we have in PortugalKaspars Varpins
 
finnish education_in_a_nutshell
finnish education_in_a_nutshellfinnish education_in_a_nutshell
finnish education_in_a_nutshellKaterina Mavrodi
 
Educational System in Taiwan
Educational System in TaiwanEducational System in Taiwan
Educational System in TaiwanRhea Domingo
 
Uni 4 higher education in developed countries
Uni 4 higher education in developed countriesUni 4 higher education in developed countries
Uni 4 higher education in developed countriesAsima shahzadi
 
Education system in turkey (1)
Education system in turkey (1)Education system in turkey (1)
Education system in turkey (1)Yildiz Erdogmus
 
School Systems
School SystemsSchool Systems
School Systemsheiko.vogl
 
School Systems
School SystemsSchool Systems
School Systemsheiko.vogl
 
Global Curriculum Presentation Group 1 - Martinez, Steele, Martin
Global Curriculum Presentation   Group 1 - Martinez, Steele, MartinGlobal Curriculum Presentation   Group 1 - Martinez, Steele, Martin
Global Curriculum Presentation Group 1 - Martinez, Steele, MartinShauna Martin
 

Similar to Danish Education System (20)

Educational System
Educational SystemEducational System
Educational System
 
Comparing educational system of finland
Comparing educational system of finlandComparing educational system of finland
Comparing educational system of finland
 
Educational systems (2)
Educational systems (2)Educational systems (2)
Educational systems (2)
 
CITE2S_document
CITE2S_documentCITE2S_document
CITE2S_document
 
835-2.docx
835-2.docx835-2.docx
835-2.docx
 
Education system in turkey
Education system in turkeyEducation system in turkey
Education system in turkey
 
Vocational Education in Greece
Vocational Education in Greece Vocational Education in Greece
Vocational Education in Greece
 
What kind of second opportunity education do we have in Portugal
What kind of second opportunity education do we have in PortugalWhat kind of second opportunity education do we have in Portugal
What kind of second opportunity education do we have in Portugal
 
Leicester college - study programmes
Leicester college - study programmesLeicester college - study programmes
Leicester college - study programmes
 
Leicester college - study programmes
Leicester college - study programmesLeicester college - study programmes
Leicester college - study programmes
 
finnish education_in_a_nutshell
finnish education_in_a_nutshellfinnish education_in_a_nutshell
finnish education_in_a_nutshell
 
Educational System in Taiwan
Educational System in TaiwanEducational System in Taiwan
Educational System in Taiwan
 
Words Unite Us
Words Unite UsWords Unite Us
Words Unite Us
 
Uni 4 higher education in developed countries
Uni 4 higher education in developed countriesUni 4 higher education in developed countries
Uni 4 higher education in developed countries
 
Turkey presentation No2
Turkey presentation No2Turkey presentation No2
Turkey presentation No2
 
Education system in turkey (1)
Education system in turkey (1)Education system in turkey (1)
Education system in turkey (1)
 
Eurydice finland
Eurydice finlandEurydice finland
Eurydice finland
 
School Systems
School SystemsSchool Systems
School Systems
 
School Systems
School SystemsSchool Systems
School Systems
 
Global Curriculum Presentation Group 1 - Martinez, Steele, Martin
Global Curriculum Presentation   Group 1 - Martinez, Steele, MartinGlobal Curriculum Presentation   Group 1 - Martinez, Steele, Martin
Global Curriculum Presentation Group 1 - Martinez, Steele, Martin
 

Recently uploaded

URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website AppURLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website AppCeline George
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsanshu789521
 
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its CharacteristicsScience 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its CharacteristicsKarinaGenton
 
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfConcept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfUmakantAnnand
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13Steve Thomason
 
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxContemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxRoyAbrique
 
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting DataJhengPantaleon
 
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxEmployee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxNirmalaLoungPoorunde1
 
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3JemimahLaneBuaron
 
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeThiyagu K
 
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of PowdersMicromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of PowdersChitralekhaTherkar
 
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...Krashi Coaching
 
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology  ( Production , Purification , and Application  ) Hybridoma Technology  ( Production , Purification , and Application  )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application ) Sakshi Ghasle
 
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxThe basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Sapana Sha
 
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxSOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxiammrhaywood
 
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAPM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAssociation for Project Management
 
Solving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptx
Solving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptxSolving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptx
Solving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri  Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri  Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
 
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website AppURLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
 
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its CharacteristicsScience 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
 
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfConcept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
 
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxContemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
 
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
 
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxEmployee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
 
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
 
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
 
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of PowdersMicromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
 
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
 
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology  ( Production , Purification , and Application  ) Hybridoma Technology  ( Production , Purification , and Application  )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
 
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxThe basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
 
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxSOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
 
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAPM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
 
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
 
Solving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptx
Solving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptxSolving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptx
Solving Puzzles Benefits Everyone (English).pptx
 

Danish Education System

  • 1. P r i m a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y e d u c a t i o n The Danish Education System V o c a t i o n a l e d u c a t i o n a n d t r a i n i n g H i g h e r e d u c a t i o n a n d l i f e l o n g l e a r n i n g
  • 2. 2 The Danish Education System Step 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 13 12 11 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Master’s programmes (candidatus) PhD STX Vocational education and training with EUX Maritime education Egu HHX HTX HF Professional bachelor programmesBachelor programmes BSc/BA Academy profession programmes Generel upper secondary education Vocational education and training etc. Primary and lower secondary education Adult upper secondary level course Specialneedseducation ISCED971 Vocational education and training 1 International Standard Classification of Education (UNESCO).For a presentation of adult education, see page 10
  • 3. 3 Primary and lower secondary education The public system The public municipal school, the Folkeskole, is a comprehensive, integrated school covering primary and lower sec- ondary education (ISCED 1 and 2) without streaming. In the school year 2008/2009, 81% of all pupils in primary and lower secondary schools attended the Folkeskole, 13% attended private schools, 4% attended the private residential schools, Efterskoler, and 1% attended special schools. Education is compulsory for ten years starting the year the child turns six. It is education itself that is compulsory, not schooling. Apart from the compulsory forms 0 to 9, the Folkeskole comprises an optional form 10. In the school year 2008/2009, 53% of pupils attending form 9 also attended form 10. The average number of pupils per class in the Folkeskole is 20.2, while the figure for private schools is 16.7 (2008/2009). School usually starts at 8 a.m. The young- er pupils finish at around noon or 1 p.m., and the older pupils finish at around 2 or 3 p.m. The younger pupils (6-10 years old) may spend their leisure time in a municipal leisure-time care facility at school, Skolefritidsordning (SFO), or at a recreation centre, Fritidshjem. Both are fee-based facilities. According to the Folkeskole Act, schools must provide pupils with subject-specific qualifications and prepare them for fur- ther education. Moreover, it stipulates that schools should prepare pupils for their role as citizens in a democratic soci- ety. The Folkeskole builds on the princi- ple of differentiated teaching. Teaching is organised so as to strengthen and develop interests and qualifications while catering for the needs of the individual pupil. At the same time, it aims at devel- oping cooperative skills among the pupils. Pupils are continuously evaluated. Teachers write individual learning plans for the pupils which are updated regu- larly. National computer-based tests have been introduced in a number of subjects in forms 2 to 8. Progression to the next form is usually automatic. School-leaving examinations are taken in forms 9 and 10 and the examinations are compulsory. Moreover, pupils in form 9 write a one week project assignment. Other possibilities Parents may choose a private school for their children. Private schools are self-governing institutions required to measure up to the standards of the municipal schools. There are many different types of private schools and some are based on a specific philosophy, a special pedagogical line or religious belief. Continuation schools, Efterskoler, are private residential schools for pupils in forms 8 to 10. In addition to normal subjects, emphasis in these schools is typically on social learn- ing and fields such as sports, music, nature or ecology. Most private schools receive a sub- stantial state subsidy based on the number of pupils in these schools.
  • 4. 4 General and vocational upper secondary education In Denmark, upper secondary education programmes (ISCED 3), also referred to as youth education programmes, can be divided into: • General upper secondary education programmes, which primarily prepare for higher education. • Vocational upper secondary education and training programmes, which pri- marily prepare trainees for a career in a specific trade or industry. In 2008, 241,000 pupils were enrolled in upper secondary education programmes. Approximately 49% were enrolled in a general programme at 149 institutions, while 51% were enrolled in a vocational programme at 109 institutions. General upper secondary education programmes There are four academically oriented ­general upper secondary programmes: • The 3-year Upper Secondary School Leaving Examination (STX); • The 3-year Higher Commercial Examination (HHX); • The 3-year Higher Technical Examination (HTX); and • The 2-year Higher Preparatory Examination (HF). All four programmes prepare pupils for further studies and, at the same time, develop the pupils’ personal and general competencies. The programmes aim at enhancing the pupils’ independent and analytical skills as well as preparing them to become democratic and socially con- scious citizens with a global outlook. Each of the education programmes has its specific range of compulsory subjects that are common for all pupils taking the programme. With regards to the STX, HHX and HTX, each school also offers a number of different specialized studies programme (packages normally contain- ing three subjects) and elective subjects
  • 5. 5 for pupils to choose between. The spe- cialized study programme is of a longer duration than the basic programme. With regards to the HF programme, pupils make their choices from among the electives offered by the school. The curriculum and examinations must follow national standards and are subject to external evaluation. The curricula of the HHX and the HTX differ from those of the STX and the HF in the sense that the HHX besides some general upper second- ary subjects include financial and business subjects and the HTX technical subjects. The STX and HF programmes are offered by general upper secondary schools. This sort of school is called Gymnasium. Business and technical colleges offer the HHX and the HTX programmes, respec- tively. Some schools are mixed schools offering various types of programmes. Admission requirements for the STX, HHX and HTX are a Leaving Certificate of the Folkeskole as well as certain sub- ject requirements. For the HF, admission requirements are 10 years of basic school or the equivalent thereof. The STX, HHX and HTX are for those aged 16-19, whereas the HF attracts both young peo- ple and adults. The HF programme can be taken on a single-subject basis and is also taught in evening classes. Starting from the school year 2010/2011, a new youth programme is offered to young pupils - EUX. It is a general upper secondary education STX programme which VET students can attend while completing their VET programme. Not all VET programmes will be able to offer this combination. The programme is to be adapted so it fits each of the VET programmes with regards to duration and subjects. EUX gives general access to higher education. Vocational Education and Training (VET) Vocational education and training (VET) includes a vast range of programmes. The duration varies from 1½ to 5½ years, the most typical being 3½ to 4 years. VET programmes are sandwich-type programmes in which theoretical and practical education at a vocational college (approximately 1/3 of the time) alternates with practical training in an approved company or organisation (approximately 2/3 of the time). The dual training prin- ciple ensures that the trainees acquire theoretical, practical, general and per- sonal skills, which are in demand on the labour market. Vocational education and training con- sists of a basic course and a main course. The basic course is flexible in duration and depends on the individual pupil’s prior qualifications. The typical length of a basic course is between 20 to 25 weeks followed by the main course, which is based on the alternating principle. This typically takes 3 - 3½ years, but can be shorter or longer for certain programmes. In order to complete the main course, the pupil must have a training agreement with an approved company which offers training. The agreement can cover all or parts of the basic course, but is com- pulsory for the main course. VET programmes are normally completed with a journeyman’s test or a similar examination testing vocational skills and knowledge. The majority commences their VET pro- gramme with an initial basic programme at a vocational college, but some trainees choose to begin with a period of in- company training before they enter the basic programme. Also, pupils who prefer practical training to school attendance can commence their vocational educa- tion in a company which offers practical training. Also referred to as the ”New Apprenticeship”. The pupil enters a train- ing agreement with a company and dur- ing the first year must acquire the same knowledge and qualifications as the pupils who have followed the basic pro- gramme at a college. This requires flex- ible adaptation on the part of the pupil, the company and the college.
  • 6. 6 There is a choice of 12 vocational clusters which lead to the related vocational ­programme: • Motor vehicle, aircraft and other means of transportation • Building and construction • Construction and user service • Animals, plants and nature • Body and style • Human food • Media production • Business • Production and development • Electricity, management and IT • Health, care and pedagogy • Transport and logistics Admission to vocational education and training requires completion of compulsory education. All programmes qualify trainees for labour market entry as skilled workers. In addition, some programmes can qualify trainees for admission to certain types of higher education programmes.
  • 7. 7 Basic Educational and Vocational Training (EGU) A special option for young people in a difficult educational or employment situ- ation is the vocational basic training pro- gramme (EGU). The EGU is an individually designed programme focused on a spe- cific trade, or composed of elements from several trades/programmes. The EGU alternates between school-based periods and periods of practical training in one or more companies. The main focus is on practical training and an individual programme is designed for each trainee depending on his or her needs and inter- ests. Trainees are offered individual guid- ance during the entire programme. In most cases, the trainees finish their EGU after two years but it may be extended by up to one more year. A completed EGU gives access to employ- ment and also allows the trainees to con- tinue in a VET programme. Production schools Production schools are schools for young people under the age of 25 who have not completed a youth education programme and who belong to the target group of production schools. The purposes of the production schools are to enhance pupils’ personal develop- ment and to improve their future possibilities in the education sys- tem and on the labour market. There are around 90 production schools in Denmark, often placed in small and medium-sized towns. Production schools are based on practical work in workshops, rang- ing from carpentry or metalwork to media or theatre workshops. Teaching is aimed at providing the young people with qualifica- tions which will enable them to complete a vocationally qualifying educational programme after leav- ing the production school. Pupils are offered individual guidance on a day-to-day basis to support their efforts to clarify their future choice of education, training and job. There are no examinations at production schools. Production schools have continu- ous intake. Pupils typically stay for an average of 5 months; approximately 30% for more than 6 months. A pupil is entitled to a maximum of one year at a produc- tion school.
  • 8. 8 Higher Education Danish higher education institutions use the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) for measuring study activities. 60 ECTS correspond to one year of full time study. There are four types of institutions offer- ing higher education programmes, each with well-defined profiles and qualities. Academies of professional higher education (erhvervsakademier) Academies of professional higher edu- cation offer academy profession pro- grammes of 90-150 ECTS in fields such as business, technology and IT. The pro- grammes prepare the students for per- forming practical, vocational tasks on an analytical basis and may lead to employ- ment in middle-management positions. They combine theoretical studies with a practically oriented approach in form of work placement. Degree holders with a short cycle academy profession degree can obtain a professional bachelor degree within the same field of study with a top- up programme of 90 ECTS. University Colleges (professionshøjskoler) University colleges and specialised col- leges offer professional bachelor pro- grammes of 180-240 ECTS in fields such as business, education, engineering and nursing. The programmes have a strong focus on professional practice and provide students with knowledge of theory and the application of theory to professions and industries. The programmes include a period of work placement of at least 30 ECTS. Most programmes give access to further studies in the same field. Universities All Danish universities are research-inten- sive institutions offering research-based study programmes in all three cycles up to PhD level. The bachelor degree (BSc/ BA) is awarded after 180 ECTS and quali- fies for a professional career and further studies at second cycle level. Most stu- dents choose to continue in candidatus programme (MSc/MA) of 120 ECTS. They usually include one or two of the major fields of study of the bachelor ­programme.
  • 9. 9 Independent research activities and a master’s thesis of at least 30 ECTS are required. The candidatus programmes qualify students for a professional career and for scientific work. The PhD degree is obtained after 180 ECTS and consists of research, participation in research courses, teaching and public defence of a thesis. University level institutions A number of university level institutions are regulated by the Danish Ministry of Culture and offer first, second and third cycle degree programmes in subject fields such as architecture, design, music and fine and performing arts. The bachelor, master and PhD programmes at these institutions are awarded after 180, 120 and 180 ECTS, respectively. A higher edu- cation degree within theatre or filmmak- ing is awarded after 4 years of study (240 ECTS). Music Academies offer a special- ist degree of 2 to 4 years following the ­master’s degree. Admission General access requirements to higher education are one of the general upper secondary school leaving examinations, or comparable qualifications. Access may also depend on specific requirements such as a particular subject combination in upper secondary school or a certain level of grades. Admission to some par- ticular programmes requires entrance examination or submission of a portfolio of artistic work. Programmes and courses taught in English Danish higher education institutions offer more than 500 degree programmes (most of them at candidatus level) and over 1,000 individual modules taught entirely in English. For more information about courses and programmes in English and courses in Danish language and culture, please see www.studyindenmark.dk. Other educational ­programmes There are educational programmes which do not belong under the mentioned head- ings. These are for example programmes within the police force, some programmes within the area of defense and the mari- time area, where admission requirements can differ between completions of com- pulsory schooling, VET programmes to relevant experience.
  • 10. 10 ­­ Adult education and continuing training Denmark has a long-standing tradition of lifelong learning. In 2008, nearly one in three of the population in the age bracket 25 – 64 years participated in edu- cational activity, counting both publicly funded and workplace internal and pri- vate education programmes and courses in connection with employment or in some form of leisure-time education. Education and training for adults at all levels Adult general education and vocational education and training range from non- formal education to qualifying general education and continuing vocational training. Generally, the syllabus and examinations are adapted to the experi- ence and interests of adults and in some cases they may obtain recognition for prior formal and non-formal learning. Adult courses leading to formal qualifica- tions qualifying for further education or for the labour market include: • Preparatory adult education (FVU, offered to improve basic literacy and numeracy skills of adults who do not have sufficient qualifications to follow education and training or cope with the demands of working life). • General adult education (AVU, general education at lower secondary level). • Higher preparatory single-subject courses (HF, general education at upper secondary level). • Adult vocational training (AMU, the main target group is unskilled and skilled workers on the labour market who need to develop their competen­ cies. The programmes are developed and adapted according to the needs of the labour market). • Basic adult education (GVU, based on credit for former experience and quali- fications of the individual participant supplemented with selected courses Mainstream Education System Vocationally Adult Education General Adult Education Non-formal Adult EducationYears of education Master & PhD Bachelor Profes- sional Bachelor Academy Profession Vocational Education and Training General and Vocational Upper Secondary Education Primary and Lower secondary Education Continuation schools Production schools Adult Vocational Training programmes CVT (AMU) Basic Adult Education (GVU) Further Adult Education Diploma level Master level Higher Preparatory Examination (HF) General Adult Education (AVU) Preparatory Adult Education (FVU) SpecialEducationforAdults DanishasasecondLanguage forForeigners University ExtensionServices FolkHighSchools StudyAssociations DayFolkHighSchools The model only shows levels, not extent of activity. 13th-17th 13th-15th 13th-14th 10th-12th 9th-10th Light green = Mainstream Education System (column 1) Light cyan = Vocationally Adult Education (column 2) Light pink = General Adult Education (column 3) Light yellow = Non-formal Adult Education (column 4) For a presentation of the ordinary, formal system, see page 2 Levels can not be indicated precisely
  • 11. 11 from the vocational training programme leading to the same professional level and same final test as pupils who com- plete a corresponding youth education). • Further adult education (VVU, corres­ ponding to the level of academy profes- sion programmes). • Diploma programmes (Diploma degree, corresponding to the level of bachelor programmes). • Master’s programmes (Master degree, corresponding to the level of candidatus programmes). Non-formal education A wide range of different schools operate within the framework of non-formal adult education (folkeoplysning). The most well- known are the Folk High Schools, which are residential schools providing general and non-formal education. The length of courses vary – from one week to up to almost a year – and are attended by adults of all ages. They are non-qualifying courses meant to broaden general, social and democratic competencies. Other programmes of non-formal adult edu- cation are offered by Adult Education Associations and Day Folk High Schools, or can be university extension courses.
  • 12. 12 ­­ Grading scale In Denmark, a new grading system was implemented in 2006: the 7-point grading scale. Students are in tests and examina- tions given an assessment on the basis of the grading scale below. According to the rules on the individual study programmes, the grades must be documented by test, examination or leaving certificates. 7-point grading scale Grade Description ECTS Old scale (00-13) 12 For an excellent performance display- ing a high level of command of all aspects of the relevant material, with no or only a few minor weaknesses A 13 11 10 For a very good performance display- ing a high level of commant of most aspects of the relevant material, with only minor weaknesses B 10 7 For a good performance displaying good command of the relevant mate- rial but also some weaknesses C 9 8 4 For a fair performance displaying some command of the relevant material but also some major weaknesses D 7 02 For a performance meeting only the minimum requirements for acceptance E 6 00 Fo ra performance which does not meet the minimum requirements for acceptance Fx 5 03 -3 For a performance which is unaccept- able in all respects F 00
  • 13. 13 Financing and ownership The education system is financed by the state or the municipalities. Some institu- tions are self-governing, while others are owned by the state or the municipalities. The table below illustrates the sources of funding and forms of ownership for selected groups of institutions. In addi- tion to public financing, tuition fees are charged at private schools and there is user payment for a number of adult edu- cation programmes. Taximeter financing The central government’s system of financ­ ing education and training is almost exclusively based on the so-called taxi- meter system, a comprehensive financing system based on per capita grants (cash- per student) to institutions. The grants are calculated primarily on the recorded student activity measured on the passing of examinations. The taximeter rate varies according to subject field and level of education. State institutions State-funded/­supported, self-governing institutions Institutions funded by the municipalities Tuition fee The Folkeskole x No Free elementary schools x1 Yes Continuation schools x2 Yes Gymnasium x No Commercial colleges x No Technical colleges x No Maritime schools x No Schools of marine engineering x No SOSU colleges x No Academies of professional higher education x No Specialised colleges and university colleges x No Universities x No Schools of architecture x No Academies of music x No Adult education centres x Yes Labour market training courses x Yes Folk High Schools x Yes Evening schools x Yes 1 Public contribution to free elementary schools: 85% of the State’s operational grant per pupil, excluding expenditures for pensions. 2 Continuation schools depend on a large degree of State funding. Pupils at continuation schools do have to pay a tuition fee but the amount varies ­– and is subsidised by the State – depending on the parents’ income. Average annual tuition fee per pupil amounts to DKK 25,000 excluding state subsidies (2005).
  • 14. 14 Education grants and loan scheme Through the State Educational Grant and Loan Scheme (SU), the Danish state provides financial support to all Danes over the age of 18 enrolled in a youth or higher education programme. There are two main support programmes: • Pupils following a youth education ­programmes • Students enrolled in higher education programmes In combination with both types of grants, students can also make use of supplemen- tary state loans. Around 50 per cent of all students make use of these loans. Danish students can obtain support for studies abroad if the courses meet the same conditions for recognition as Danish courses and programmes. Foreign students are normally not entitled to educational support, however there are exceptions. The state also provides financial support for adults in adult education and continu- ing training. For more information, please see ­ www.su.dk • 47 Youth Guidance Centres (Ungdommens Uddannelsesvejledning) focus on the transition from compulsory to youth education. • 7 Regional Guidance Centres (Studievalg) deal with the transition from youth edu- cation to higher education. A national guidance portal – the “Education Guide”: www.ug.dk – provides comprehensive information on education and training possibilities at all levels, pro- ­­­­Career guidance Provision of high quality guidance services is important at all levels of the educa- tion system. Starting with general career education in form 1 in the Folkeskole and delivering of guidance from form 7, pupils are gradually prepared for making their first educational and vocational decisions. Two types of independent guidance cen- tres provide guidance in relation to the transitions from one level of the education system to another: fessions, labour market conditions and statistics. A national e-guidance centre provides users with online guidance serv- ice seven days a week. It is established in ­relation to www.ug.dk For more information about career guid- ance in the Danish education system, please see en.iu.dk/Euroguidance/publications
  • 15. 15 Quality assurance The standard and quality of educational provision in the Danish education system are assured by a number of elements, including: • Common rules and guidelines (curricula) specifying the aims, contents and duration of programmes and individual subjects. • Testing and examination system, with the use of external examiners. • Ministerial approval of provision and inspection in a varying degree within the different education areas. • Quality rules, which have been intro- duced in a number of educational fields. • The Danish Evaluation Institute (EVA) and the Accreditation Agency ACE Denmark, which both play an important role in the national system of quality assurance. Internationalisation Private education institutions at primary and secondary level may operate without any state approval. However, if they wish for their pupils to be eligible for state study grants they must accept an accreditation procedure. For all higher education programmes, accreditation is mandatory and a precon- dition for attaining public funding. The accreditation system is based on the 2007 Act on the Accreditation Agency for Higher Education. The Act aims to create a system with a view to ensuring and documenting the quality and relevance of higher educa- tion in the Danish educational institutions. According to the Accreditation Act, the Accreditation Council is the specific unit which makes the decisions regarding accreditation of all higher education study programmes. Decisions are made on the basis of accreditation reports prepared by accreditation operators: - For university study programmes under the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, ACE Denmark prepares the accreditation reports. - For higher education study programmes under the Danish Ministry of Education and the Danish Ministry of Culture, EVA prepares the accreditation reports. EVA also carries out systematic evaluations within the area of early childhood education as well as evaluations of programmes, teach- ing and learning in compulsory schooling and in youth programmes. For more information, please see www.eva.dk and www.acedenmark.dk Great importance is attached to the inter- nationalisation of education and training in Denmark. The objective is to prepare pupils and students to meet the challenges of a globalised world by including intercul- tural understanding and international com- petencies in the entire educational system. It is the aim of the Danish government to make Denmark a leading entrepreneurial and knowledge-based society offering educational programmes which rank among the best in the world and to create the best possible opportunities for citizens and businesses to realize the vision about Denmark as a network society. In order to face the challenges of globalization, it is of high priority to have top-level educational institutions with strong academic environ- ments which can attract talented national and international students and researchers and provide the foundation for a vibrant societal development. At governmental level, Denmark is an active partner in the educational coopera- tion of the EU, the Council of Europe, the OECD, UNESCO and the Nordic countries. Furthermore, Denmark is a member of the ENIC Network (European Network of Information Centres) and the NARIC Network (National Academic Recognition Information Centres). The Copenhagen and Bologna processes and the overall objective that Europe will become one large higher education area also play important roles in the develop- ment of Danish education and training. At institutional level, schools and institutions actively participate in international coop- eration and exchange programmes, both within Europe and worldwide. Internationalisation at all levels of the education and training system is supported and promoted by the Danish Agency for International Education – an authority within the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. Please read more about the Agency at www.en.iu.dk.
  • 16. Education in a knowledge society Education for all Provision of high quality education at all levels is essential to ensure competitive- ness in today’s global society. Thus, Danish education aims to ensure that all young people acquire knowledge and competen- cies which will qualify them to take active part in – and to contribute to the further development of – the knowledge society. Education is open to all and generally free of charge. Other characteristic features of the Danish education system include: • High standards The quality of Danish education is assured in many ways. It is mainly regulated and financed by the state and all public edu- cational institutions are approved and evaluated on an ongoing basis. • Lifelong learning Lifelong learning is a key principle in Denmark. The idea goes all the way back to the 19th century Danish clergy- man and philosopher N.F.S. Grundtvig, who argued that a prerequisite for active participation in a democratic society is education for all citizens on a lifelong basis. • Active participation Treating pupils and students as inde- pendent people with a right to form their own opinion and a duty to partici- pate actively in discussions is a matter of course in Danish education. • Project work ­At all levels of the education system, pupils and students attend classes, how- ever, they also carry out project work, either on an individual basis or in small groups. Interdisciplinary activities are also an integrated part of Danish education. Facts & figures • Population: 5.4 mil. (2010). • Percentage of a year group completing a youth education programme: 84.4% (2008). • Percentage of a year group completing a higher education programme: 46.6% (2008). • Percentage of a year group of women completing a higher education pro- gramme: Approximately 55% (2008). • Percentage of a year group of men completing a higher education pro- gramme: Approximately 38% (2008). • Percentage of total national expendi- ture spent on education (incl. SU grants): 15.6% (2009). For more facts & figures, please see http://www.e-pages.dk/uvm/26/. The Danish Agency for International Education The Danish Agency for International Education is an authority within the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation responsible for supporting the internationalisation of education and training in Denmark. The Agency is the national agency for two EU education programmes, Lifelong Learning and Youth in Action, as well as for other similar programmes, including Nordic and Danish education programmes and initiatives. The Agency is also the central institution in Denmark where persons with foreign qualifications can have these assessed and recognised. Furthermore, the Agency is responsible for the promotion of Denmark as a study destination and is the national coordina- tor for the attraction and retention of international students in Denmark. Lastly, the Agency is an information cen- tre with regards to the internationalisa- tion of all the educational sectors. Further information • The Danish Agency for International Education www.iu.dk • Study in Denmark www.studyindenmark.dk • The Ministry of Education www.uvm.dk • The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation www.vtu.dk • The Ministry of Culture www.kum.dk Danish Agency for International Education, 2010 Published with support from the European Commission. Photos: Colourbox, Møldrup Skole. Layout and DTP: Faust Dyrbye a/s