What is UAV?
UAVs are capable of operating without an internal
pilot; are tethered by a radio control link; and can be
preprogrammed for both flight and payload operations
prior to launch.
a UAV is being capable of controlled, sustained
level flight and powered by a jet or reciprocating
engine.
In addition, a cruise missile can be considered to be
a UAV, but is treated separately on the basis that the
vehicle is the weapon.

FIXED WING
HELICOPTER
QUADROTER

1923First radio controlled flight.
1944First use of a cruise missile in combat(Fieseler Fi
103)
1946First UAV used in the science research role(Northr
op QP-61)
1959First UAV used in the reconnaissance role
1998 First trans-Atlantic crossing by an unmanned
aircraft (Insitu Aerosonde)
-2001First trans-Pacific crossing by an unmanned
aircraft (Global Hawk)

DE PALMA: He has
developed The Kettering
Aerial Torpedo, later called
the “Kettering Bug,” was a
small biplane with 4-
cylinder engine and
guided by gyroscopes, a
barometer, and a
mechanical “computer.”

British-born actor Reginald
Denny, who had served in the
Royal Flying Corps during
World War I, developed a
fascination with radio-controlled
aircraft in the
1930s. He and his partners
formed the Radio plane
Company and created the
“Radio plane OQ-2,” the first
mass-produced UAV, at their
southern California-based
facility.

Fu-Go Balloons
 The first truly intercontinental
weapon system, Japan's “Fu-
Go” balloons were designed to
cause widespread forest fires
and damage to America during
World War II.
 The hydrogen-filled balloons
measured 30 feet in diameter.
 Each carried a payload of 32
paper sandbags, two incendiary
devices, one small bomb, and
an altitude regulation
mechanism.

The best-known unmanned vehicle of World
War II was the German Fiesole Fi 103.
It also called the V-1 “Buzz Bomb” (“V-1” stood
for Vergeltungs waffe Eins, or “vengeance
weapon one”).
The V-1 was powered by a pulsejet engine that
made a distinctive buzz.
 It carried a 2,000-pound warhead approximately
150 miles, and had a sophisticated guidance
system consisting of gyroscopes, barometers,
and an anemometer, which was used to calculate
distance flown.
 The Germans launched roughly 20,000 V-1s at
Allied targets, primarily in London and Antwerp,
Belgium.

A second-generation turbojet-powered Fire bee, built
by Ryan Aeronautical Company and developed from a
target drone initially developed for the U.S. Air Force,
led to the AQM-34, which ushered in modern
unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. From the mid-
1960s to the mid-1970s, the AQM-34 flew tens of
thousands of missions over North Vietnam, parts of
China, and even the Soviet Union, obviating the risk
posed by manned reconnaissance flights.

The RQ-1 Predator, probably the best-known modern
UAV, made its first test flight in 1994. Produced by
General Atomics Aeronautical Systems—based on a
design by Abraham Karem, a former engineering officer
for the Israeli Air Force—it was designed for “long loiter”
reconnaissance work. The RQ-1 has evolved, and today
its variants patrol the U.S.-Mexico border, collect air
samples for scientific research, and unleash Hellfire air-to-ground
missiles on military targets.

Soaring even higher than the
Predator—which the military
considers a medium altitude UAV—
the Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global
Hawk is a high-altitude, long
endurance aircraft with performance
and sensor capabilities so impressive
it’s scary. Born out of a 1995 DARPA
(Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency) request, the Global
Hawk can fly more than 32 hours at a
stretch and loiter at altitudes as high
as 65,000 feet, with a suite of sensors
that can see through clouds, dense
fog, haze, and dust storms.

In 2007, an Aerosonde UAV took off
from the NASA Wallops Flight Facility in
Virginia and headed into Hurricane Noel,
a Category 1 storm churning up the
eastern coast of the United States.
 During its 17 hour, 27 minute flight into
Noel, the Aerosonde flew as low as 300
feet above sea level, far lower than a
piloted airplane would dare travel inside a
hurricane eye wall.
Other non-military UAV uses include
crop monitoring, search and rescue, fire
spotting, mineral exploration, aerial
photography and ground mapping.

TYPES OF UAV’S
Target and decoy - providing ground and aerial
gunnery a target that simulates an enemy aircraft or
missile
Reconnaissance - providing battlefield intelligence
Combat - providing attack capability for high-risk
missions .
Research and development - used to further
develop UAV technologies to be integrated into field
deployed UAV aircraft
Civil and Commercial UAVs - UAVs specifically
designed for civil and commercial applications.

A UAV is not just the vehicle that flies. An
unmanned Aircraft or Aerial system/vehicle can
be divided into three brief element
 The vehicle or platform
 The Payload
 The Ground control station

The vehicle is the Actual air frame and the means
to load the payload to its optimal position. The
propulsion system has to be tailored according to
the mission. The Flight control system ensures the
UAV Follows the pre-programmed or Ground
Control station.
The Airframe
The propulsion system
The flight control computer or system
The precision navigation system

The purpose of a UAV is deliver or collect data usually in a
dull , dirty or dangerous environment. The payload is the
most important element of the whole UAV as this
determines the payback. The vehicle itself does not deliver
the message or the data : it merely gets the payload to the
best location.
Electro-optical sensing system and scanners
Infra-red system
Radars
Munitions

A GROUND CONTROL STATION is a land or sea based
control centre that provides the facilities of controlling the
unmanned vehicles or rockets in the air or in space. And for
this, the CGS must have secure communication system
and air traffic management infrastructure.
An avionics flight Data processing.
Navigation system
System Health monitoring.
Graphical images and position mapping.
Secure communications system.

Firefighting
Police Disturbances (crime
scenes, etc)
Reconnaissance Support
in natural disasters i.e.,
hurricanes, mudslides
Surveillance (in war zones)
UAS systems often preferred for
missions that are too ´dull, dirty
or dangerousμ for manned
aircraft

DRDO AURA
DRDO NISHANT
DRDO NETRA
DRDO RUSTOM
LAKSHYA PTA
GUNGA UAV HAL
ULKA
FLUFFY
PAWAN UAV
KAPOTHAKA

Range: less than 10
km
Altitude:250 m.
Endurance: 1 hour.
Max. take off
weight: Less than 5
kg.
Example: Wasp 3

Range: less than 10
km.
Altitude:150-300m.
Endurance: 1-2
hour.
Max. take off weight:
Less than 30kg
Example: Raven

Range: 70-200 km
Altitude:5000 m.
Endurance: 6-10
hour.
Max. take off weight:
1250 kg.
Example: SKY
SPIRIT

Range: less than 500
km
Altitude:1400m.
Endurance: 24-
48hour.
Max. take off weight:
1500 kg.
Example:
PREDATOR

Range: less than 2000
km
Altitude:20000 m.
Endurance: 24-48 hour.
Max. take off weight:
12000 kg
Example: GLOBAL
HAWK

HOW UAV IS BETTER THAN OTHER METHOD?
They can perform an increasingly
sophisticated array of missions due to their
small size and decreased radar, acoustical,
and infrared signatures.
They can perform an increasingly sophisticated
array of missions due to their small size and
decreased radar, acoustical, and infrared
Maximum flight hours 30+
signatures.
3000lb fuel capacity
Maximum flight hours 30+
Fly above 52,000ft
3000lb fuel capacity
Operate at night
Fly above 52,000ft
 Above Smoke
Operate at night
With a continuing trend of miniaturization
in electronics another components, the
RPV can be made much smaller and
cheaper
With a continuing trend of miniaturization in
electronics another components, the RPV can be
made much smaller and cheaper

Does not contain ,or need a pilot on board.
Can enter environments that are dangerous to human life.
Reduces the exposure risk of the aircraft operator.
Can stay in the air for performing a precise, repetitive raster
can of a region, day-after-day, night-after-night in completed
darkness or in fog, under computer control: performing a
geological survey, performing visual or thermal imaging of any
region.
Can be programmed to complete the mission autonomously
even when contact with its GCS is lost.
Inexpensive to manned aircrafts.

Need for large band width
communications..
Vulnerability to jamming.
Low survivability in military
operation.

CONCLUSSION
UAV Systems are newcomers in
the Air Traffic
Developments made for UAV Systems
(automatic modes ,enhanced situation
awareness,...) might reciprocally be
beneficial to other civil aviation
applications.

THANK YOU