2. Index
- Energy definition
- Types of energy
- Energy sources
- Renewable and non renewable energy
- Environmental impact
- Power stations
- Wind turbine creates water from thin air
3. Energy definition
Energy is the capacity of an object to transform an
energy source into work. All bodies have energy and
can produce changes on themselves and on other
elements
4. Types of energy
Mechanical energy: is produced by mechanical forces such
as elasticity. There two types of mechanical energy.
- Kinetic energy: bodies have this energy when they
move.
- Potential energy: bodies have this energy when
they cease of to be in equilibrium.
5. Electrical energy: is produced by the movement of electrical
charges within the conductive materials. This energy
produces mainly three effects: light, thermal and
magnetic.
6. Thermal energy: is produced by the movement of the
particles which form an object. A body at low temperature
have less thermal energy than other at higher temperature.
7. Electromagnetic energy: is the energy that electromagnetic
waves have such as radio and television, X-ray waves, IR,
UV.
8. Chemical energy: is the energy produced by the chemical
reactions, for example a battery has this type of energy. At
the present, the chemical energy moves automobiles,
ships and airplanes, and generally, millions of machines.
9. Nuclear energy: is the energy that is inside of the nucleus
of the atoms. In the photo appear the nuclear energy
controlled in a nuclear power station.
10. Sound energy: is the energy associated with the sound
waves that are transmitted by vibrations
11. Energy sources, renewable and
non renewable energy
Energy sources are the sources of the nature of which the
humans can obtain the energy usable for their activities.
Energy sources are classified into two main groups:
renewable and non renewable, if they are "unlimited" or
"limited".
The non-renewable energy is that that is limited in the
planet. There are several sources that are:
-Fossil fuels (coal, petroleum and natural gas)
-Nuclear energy (fission and nuclear fusion)
12. The fossil fuels are substances that originated by the
accumulation, for million years, of large quantities of
remains of living beings in the bottom of lakes and other
places.
-Coal: is a light substance, that is black, which
comes from of the fossilized organic plant remains. Coal
is used as fuel in industry, in power stations and in
domestic heating.
13. There are two methods for extracting coal:
Open-cast mines: when the coal is close to the
surface, soil is removed. The coal is extracted with
special machines and explosives.
Underground mines: when the coal is under the
surface. The mines consist of a network of
passages and tunnels. These provide ventilation
and eliminate accumulated gas to prevent
accidents .
14. The coal can be transported by sea: in enormous
ships; by land: normally by train and by road:
usually for local transport.
-Petroleum: is the product of the decomposition of the
remains of microorganisms that lived for million years in
seas, lakes and river mouths. It is a liquid
substance, less dense than water, dark, oily
appearance and strong odor, formed by a mixture of
hydrocarbons. It is used in power stations as fuel, in
transport and domestic use.
15. -Natural gas has a similar origin to that of oil and
usually forming a layer on the oil fields. It is
composed mainly of methane (CH4).It is a good
substitute of coal as fuel because of it portability
and have a high calorific value and that it is less
polluting than other fossil fuels. It is expensive to
extract. It is extracted by drilling.
16. Nuclear energy: is the energy is the energy stored in the
-
nucleus of atoms.
There are two types of nuclear energy
Nuclear fusion: this is when two light nuclei join to form
a heavier nucleus.
Nuclear fission:this is when a heavy nucleus is divided
into two lighter nuclei by bombarding it with neutrons.
17. The renewable energy sources are those which, after use,
can be regenerated naturally or artificially.
There are several renewable energy sources such as:
Tidal energy (tidal)
Hydroelectric power (dams)
Wind energy (wind)
Solar (Sun)
Energy from biomass (vegetation)
18. The tidal energy is produced by the movement of water
masses caused by the ups and downs of tides and the
waves that originate on the surface of the sea by the wind.
Advantages: It is a source of clean energy, without waste
and almost inexhaustible.
Disadvantages: Can only be in sea areas, can be affected
by weather disasters and installations are big and
expensive.
19. Hydroelectric power is produced by the water retained in
reservoirs or high swamps.
Advantages: It is a source of clean energy, without waste
and easy to store.
Disadvantages: The construction of hydroelectric plants is
costly and requires large power lines.
20. Wind energy is the kinetic energy produced by the wind. It
is transformed into electricity in machines called wind
turbines.
Advantages: It is an inexhaustible energy source and,once
made the installation, is free. Also, don´t pollute.
Disadvantages: It is a source of intermittent power,
because it depends on the regularity of the winds. Also,
wind turbines are big and expensive.
21. The solar energy is the energy that reaches to the Earth in
the form of electromagnetic radiation (light, heat and
ultraviolet rays mainly) from the Sun, which has been
generated by a process of nuclear fusion.
Advantages: Is a clean energy and provide cheap energy
in doesn't industrialized countries.
Disadvantages: A intermittent energy source, because it
depends on the weather and the number of hours of sun
in a year.
22. Energy of the biomass is obtained from organic
compounds by natural processes.
Advantages: It is a clean energy source and with little
waste, which are also biodegradable. Also, occurs
continuously as a result of human activity.
Disadvantages: It is necessary a lots of plants. Its
performance is less than the fossil fuel and produces
gases such as carbon dioxide, which increase the
greenhouse effect
23. Environmental impacts
Acid rain:
When fossil fuels are burned, sulfur nitrogen and
carbon detached combine with oxygen to form
oxides. When these oxides are released in the air
react chemically with water vapor from the
atmosphere, forming sulfuric acid, nitric acid and
carbonic acid, respectively. These water vapors
containing acids (known as acid rain) enter the
water cycle and, so, can affect the biological quality of
forests, soils and lakes.
24. Global Warming:
Carbon dioxide is the principal product of combustion of
fossil fuels. The scientists call this, a greenhouse gas.
Greenhouse gases absorb heat from the sun reflected on
the surface of the Earth and retain, keeping the Earth
warm and habitable for living organisms. The large
increase in emissions has led to global warming that can
cause numerous environmental problems such as the
destruction of climate models and melting icecaps
25. Power stations
Hydroelectric power: they are in the dams and they
work with the force of falling water.
Power Plant: they work with the power of steam
that is heated by fossil fuels.
Geothermal Power Plants: they work with the steam
that come from the bowels of the earth.
Nuclear Power Plants: they use the nuclear reactor as a
heat source.
Solar power: they work with sunlight.
Wind power: they work with the forces of wind.
26. Wind turbine turbine creates air
Wind creates water from thin
water from thin air
A French engineering company has found an echo-purpose
for imposing structures. This company is called Water Cole
and has managed to change the design of the traditional
wind turbines to create a new device that can produce
potable water from humid air. This will be sold in 2012, is
designed to allow arid countries and rural areas become
self-sufficient in water supply.
The fan sucks air through his nose through a device called
air blower. The trapped air is directed to an electric cooling
compressor which is located behind the propeller where
moisture is extracted and condensed. The water collected
is transferred by stainless steel tubes to a storage tank at
the base of the turbine. Once there, the water is filtered and
purified to be consumed.
27. A turbine can produce up to 1,000 liters of water every day,
depending on the speed of moisture, temperature and wind,
says Thibault Janin, director of marketing of Eole water.
The trouble is that this system is very expensive, it costs
between 500,000 and 600,000 euros depending on where
the turbine are and the conditions surrounding the
installation. Even so the price will be down with time and it
isn't so expensive if you compare with the solution that the
device give.
-We think that the turbines will not have much success
because of its high price, especially because in the places
where they are most needed are the world's poorest places
and will be difficult to finance them.
