Araling Panlipunan 8 - Ang Pananaliksik sa Bansang Iraq (Thesis) Proyekto ni John Jozel Ortega - Grade 8, Cittadini School

1. Talaan ng nilalaman
I. Title Page
II. Batayang Kaalaman
III. Kasaysayan ng Bansa
IV. Kasalukuyang Estado
V. Mga Suliranin ng Bansa
VI. Summarization
VII. Rekomendasyon
VIII. Reference
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2. Batayang Kaalaman:
a.Kahulugan ng Pananaliksik
Layunin ng pananaliksik na maibahagi ang kasaysayan, suliranin at kalagayan
ng bansang Iraq. Sasaliksikin nito ang mga impormasyon ukol sa estado ng
bansang Iraq kagaya ng Suliraning Pambansa, Suliraning Pampulitika,
Suliraning Panlipunan at Suliraning pang Ekonomiya, matatalakay din ang
Kasaysayang Pambansa, Kasulukuyang Estado ng Bansa, Mga Suliranin ng
Bansa kagaya ng pagkasira ng Kalikasan, Lumalaking Populasyon, Paglabag sa
Karapatang Pantao, Kahirapan, Katiwalian sa Pamahalaan, Kawalan ng
Katagang Pampolitika at Bantang Terorismo. Nais din ng pananaliksik na ito
na makapagbigay kahulugan at solusyon na maaring mairekomenda para
masolusyonan ang ilan sa mga suliranin lalo na sa Kahirapan, Terorismo at
kalagayang Pambansa.
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3. b. Kahulugan ng Suliraning Pambansa
Pangunahing Suliranin ng Bansa ang Terorismo, maaring sila ang nagsisimula at nagbabanta ng
terorismo at maaring din namang sila ang napagbabantaan ng terorismo ng iba. Ang mga
terorismong ito ay nagsisimula kung mayroong komptetisyong pambansa kagaya ng agawan sa
teritoryo at hindi pag sang ayon sa isa’t isa o maari din namang sinadyang paagbabanta sa isang
katauhan at nadadamay lamang ang estado. Isang dahilan din ang banta ng terorismo sa kahirapan
ng bansa. At isa pang dahilan ng paghihirap ng Bansang Iraq ay ang pagdami ng tao. Sa sobrang
pagkadami ng tao ay nagreresulta na sa hindi mabigyan ng sapat na pangangailangan ng bawat tao.

4. c. Kahulugan ng Pampolitika
Ang Punong administrado ng Iraq ngayon ay si Haider al – Adabi. Para sa pagkakaintindi namin,
ay hindi maganda ang pamamahala ng punong administrado dahil kung makikita naman natin,
maraming naghihirap sa kanila at walang kontrol sa paggamit ng mga kayamanan at pondo ng
bansa.
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5. d. Kahulugan ng Pang – ekonomiya
Ang pangunahing bentahin sa kanila ay ang pagbenta ng langis. Gumagamit sila ng mga barko
para sa pagbibigay at transportasyon ng langis sa ibang bansa. At syempre, hindi matatanggal ang
kaguluhan sa pagbebenta ng langis. Tulad ng laban ng Iran at Iraq noong 1980. Maraming produkto
at produskyon ng langis ang nasira at nawala. Gumastos sila ng mahigit 80 billion na dolyar upang
maipaayos ito ulit. Kaya’t ito ay isa sa mga rason ng kanilang paghihirap hanggang ngayon.
Mayroon din silang pinapalagung kalupaan upang mapakinabangan. Dahil sa Ethnic Politics ang
lupaing “Kurdish” ay hindi gaano nakatulong sa ekonomiyang pambansa nila.

6. Kasaysayan ng Bansa
1. “Present day Iraq, known in classical antiquity as Mesopotamia, was home to the
oldest civilizations in the world,[1][2]with a cultural history of over 10,000
years,[3][4][5] hence its common epithet, the Cradle of Civilization. Mesopotamia, as
part of the larger Fertile Crescent, was a significant part of the Ancient Near
East throughout the Bronze Age and theIron Age.
Arabs have beenthe majority of Iraq's population since Sassanid times.[6] Iraq was ruled by
the indigenous empires,Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian and also by foreign
empires; Median, Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian andSassanian empires during the Iron
Age and Classical Antiquity, before Iraq was conquered by the Muslim Rashidun
Caliphate in the 7th century, and became a center of the Islamic Golden Age during the
medieval Abbasid Caliphate. After a series of invasions and conquest by
the Mongols and Turks, Iraq fell under Ottoman rule in the 16th century, intermittently
falling under Iranian Safavid and Mamluk control.
Ottoman rule ended with World War I, and Iraq came to be administered by the British
Empire until the establishment of the Kingdom of Iraq in 1933. The Republic of Iraq was
established in 1958 following a coup d'état. The Republic was controlled by Saddam
Hussein from 1979 to 2003, into which period falls the Iran-Iraq war and the Persian Gulf
War. Saddam Hussein was deposed following the 2003 US-led invasion of the
country. Following the invasion, the situation deteriorated to the extent that in 2006–2007,
Iraq was on the brink of civil war. However, conditions improved following a surge in U.S.
troops in 2007–2008, and the war was declared formally over in December 2011, with the
U.S. troops leaving the country.”
Ang nilalaman ng sanggunian sa itaas ay ang kasaysayan ng bansang Iraq. Ang mga Arab ang
pinaka madaming tao sa bansang Iraq. At, sino nga ba ang mga Arab? Ang mga nasasakupan ng
mga aral at kultura ng mga Arab ay ang
mga: Lebanese, Syrians, Emiratis, Qataris, Saudis,Bahrainis, Kuwaitis, Iraqis, Omanis, Jordania
ns, Palestinians, Yemenis, Sudanis, Algerians, Moroccans,Tunisians, Libyans, Somalis and Egyp
tians.
Ang mga Imperyong sumakop sa kanila ay nakadulot sa kanila ng sobrang daming pagbabago at
pagpapaganda ng kanilang bansa. Sa bawat na henerasyon ang lumipas. Sa ngayon ang kanilang
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7. uri ng pamahalaan ay “Parliamentary System”. Ang Parliamentary System ay parang Pamahalaan
din sa Pilipinas na tinatawag na Demokratiko. Ngunit ang pinagkaiba nila ay walang masyadong
kalayaan ang nagaganap sa araw – araw nila. Kaya’t tayo ay dapat magpasalamat at pahalagahan
ang buhay natin. Ang imperyong Ottoman ay ang isa pang tawag sa “Turkish Empire”.
2. “The Ottoman, also historically referred to as the Turkish Empire or Turkey, was
a Sunni Islamic state founded by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in
northwestern Anatolia in 1299.[6] With conquests in the Balkans byMurad I between
1362 and 1389, and the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed II in 1453, the
Ottoman sultanate was transformed into an empire.[7][8][9]
During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign
of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a powerful multinational,
multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia,
the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa.[10] At the beginning of the 17th century
the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later
absorbed into the empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the
course of centuries.[dn 4]
With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the
Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds
for six centuries. Following a long period ofmilitary setbacks against European powers and
gradual decline, the empire collapsed and was dissolved in the aftermath of World War I,
leading to the emergence of the new state of Turkey in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland, as
well as the creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states.”
Ang Ottoman din pala ay isa sa mga sumakop sa bansang Iraq. Ngunit ito ay nawala noong World
War 1. At napunta sila sa kamay ng Imperyong Bretanya. At Nagkaroon na ng sariling pamahalaan
ang Iraq noong 1933. Sa pamumuno ni Saddam Hussein nagkaroon ng Labanan sa pagitan ng Iran
at Iraq dahil sa agawan ng mga teritoryo, kagamitan, kayamanan at terorismo. Nagkaroon din ng
Persian Gulf War na ang ibig sabihin ay Labanan sa pagitan ng Kuwait at Iraq.
3. “Hussein broke off the negotiations after only two hours, and on August 2, 1990
ordered the invasion of Kuwait. Hussein’s assumption that his fellow Arab states
would stand by in the face of his invasion of Kuwait, and not call in outside help to
stop it, proved to be a miscalculation. Two-thirds of the 21 members of the Arab
League condemned Iraq’s act of aggression, and Saudi Arabia’s King Fahd, along

8. with Kuwait’s government-in-exile, turned to the United States and other members
of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for support.”
Ang dahilan sa kainilang paglalaban ay dahil sa pag akusado ni Hussein sa mga taga Kuwait na
paggawa sa presyo ng krudo ng mababa at pagkukuha ng mga iba pang krudo sa ibang lugar. Ibig
sabihin ay wala na sa karapatan nila na kumuha ng ibang kayamanan sa ibang lugar. “Crossing
their not common border.”
Pagkatapos, sila ay sinakop ng bansang Estados Unidos dahilan ng agawan sa mga kayamanan,
kagamitan at pangalan para malaman na sila ay malakas. Nagtapos ang labanan noong Disyembre
2011 matapos silng iwan ng Estados Unidos.

9. Mga Suliranin ng Bansa
PAGKASIRA NG KALIKASAN
“Events of 1980–2005 have created environmental crises of emergency proportions. Military
operations in three wars (Iran–Iraq War, Gulf War, and Iraq War) have left unexploded
ordnance and land mines in exposed positions, killing or wounding an estimated 100,000
people in the early 2000s.Environmental Crisis Worsening In Iraq Because of infrastructure
damage, significant parts of the population do not have adequate water supply or sanitation
systems, and sites where municipal and medical wastes have accumulated carry the risk of
disease epidemics. The wartime destruction of military and industrial infrastructure has
releasedheavy metals and other hazardous substances into the air, soil, and groundwater.
Numerous spills have resulted from damage to Iraq’s oil infrastructure, and the lack of water
treatment facilities at Iraqi refineries has led to pollution from those installations. In the
alluvial plain, soil quality has been damaged by the deposit of large amounts of salts, borne
by irrigation overflows and wind and promoted by poor soil drainage. Desertification and
erosion also have reduced arable land.
Transboundary pollution and a lack of river basin management by the government have led
to the degradation of Iraq's major waterways. Under Saddam Hussein, the government
constructed the Glory Canal which drained the extensive marshes in the lower reaches of
the alluvial plain, changing water circulation and wildlife patterns over a wide area.
Beginning in 2004, some restoration has occurred. Flooding danger in the alluvial plain has
decreased since construction of dams upstream on the Euphrates. Although the interim
government appointed in 2004 included a Ministry of Environment, long-term
environmental crises such as the depletion of marshland in the Shatt al Arab have a low
priority.”
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10. Base sa aking nabasa ay, ang pangunahing problema ng bansang Iraq ay ang kaguluhan at
paglalaban laban sa iba’t ibang lugar dahilan ng kakulangan sa mga kayamanan at
pangangailangan sa araw – araw. Tulad ng produksyon ng Krudo, armas, lakas, tubig at makakain.
Dahil sa pakikipaglaban, marami paring nakatanim na mga bomba sa iba’t ibang lugar kaya’t
marami parin ang namamatay. Tulad sa nangyari kay “Jessica Soho”. Habang sila ay gumagawa
ng kanilang dokyumentaryo, biglaang sumabog ang isang paligid na nalaman na may nakatanim
na bomba. Ang mga bahagi ng lupain ay nasira, ang lupa na maaaring tamnan ay namatay kaya’t
ganito ang paghihirap ng mga taga Iraq.
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11. Lumalaking Populasyon
“The population of Iraq is the fifth largest in the Middle East and North
Africa. The population was estimated at 22,675,617 in July of 2000, an
increase of 4.675 million from the 1980 population of 18million. In 2000,
Iraq's birth rate stood at 35.04 per 1,000, while the death rate was reported
at 6.4 per 1,000. With a projected growth rate of 2 percent between 2000
and 2015, the population is expected to reach 38 million by the year 2030.”
Base sa pagsasalaysay na ito ay ang Iraq ay may lumalaking populasyon at malamang ay
katulad din ng rason nito ang rason ng karamihan sa mga bansang may mga ganitong
problema. Ang problema ng karamihang bansa na malamang ay problema din ng Iraq
ay ang iresponsableng mamayan na hindi naniniwala o hindi nagsasagawa ng Family
Planning na kaylangan upang makontrol ang pag dami ng populasyon. Konektado ang
posibleng rason na to sa pamamahala ng gobyerno na iresponsable at hindi maganda.
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12. Pag Labag sa Karapatang Pantao
“The human rights situation in Iraq remains dire. Iraqi civilians face threats not only from the upsurge
in violence as government forces, the Islamic State in Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) and other armed groups
battle for territory, but also from a systemic pattern of abuse at the hands of the Iraqi central
government.
As the fighting continues, protection of civilians must be of paramount concern. An
estimated 500,000 people were forced to flee their homes as Mosul fell, adding to the nearly
half a million Iraqis displaced and over 5,5000 civilian deaths since ISIS' expulsion of Iraqi
security forces in Fallujah, Anbar governorate, in January 2014. Iraqi forces have
indiscriminately shelled Fallujah, including on hospitals and in residential areas. ISIS has
claimed responsibility for car bomb blasts in other parts of Iraq as retaliation for the
government attacks. Now, Amnesty International has gathered evidence pointing to a
pattern of extrajudicial executions of detainees by government forces and Shi'a militias in
the Iraqi cities of Tal ‘Afar, Mosul and Ba'quba.
A consistent pattern of human rights violations by the Iraqi government has widely been
seen as a significant factor in the widespread popular discontent. Thousands of detainees
languish in prison without charge. Detainees are routinely held "incommunicado", without
access to family or legal counsel. Torture and ill-treatment occurs regularly and with
impunity in prisons and detention centers. Many of those brought to trial are sentenced to
long prison terms or to death after grossly unfair proceedings, in which convictions are based
on "confessions" extracted under torture or other coercion. Such "confessions" are often
broadcast on national television before trials have taken place.
Iraq is the world's third most prolific executioner, with hundreds of prisoners on death
row and at least 169 executions in 2013. The surge in executions has continued in 2014.”
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13. Base dito sa ulat galling sa http”://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/countries/middle-east-and-
north-africa/Iraq” ay maraming nalalabag na “Human Rights” ang bansang Iraq, halimabawa na
lamang ng mga preso, kahit may mga nalabag ang mga ito mayroon parin silang mga karapatan
na kaylangan masunod at base dito ay hindi pantay ang trato sa kanila at nalalabag ang kanilang
sinasabing “Rights” kaya naman maari din itong dahilan ng Terrorismo sa bansa at ang malaking
kawalan at kasiraan ng pangalan nito at dahil ditto bumababa ang tingin sa kanila ng ibang bansa
at rumeresulta ito sa pagbaba ng kanilang pamumuhay kaya bumababa ang Ekonomiya at
humihikayat din ito ng terrorismo dahil ang mga terrorista ay minsan lumalaban para sa
karapatan.
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14. Kahirapan
“Iraq has been struggling with an increase in poverty rates for many years. While the Iraqi
Ministry of Planning notes that the rate of poverty has recently decreased, reaching 11%,
statistics released by the World Bank show that 28%of Iraqi families live below the poverty
line. In the event that the country may face any kind of crisis, this rate could increase by 70%.
This is currently happening because of the spike in violent acts and tense political situation.
The head of the Model Iraqi Women Organization, Athraa Hassani, provided Al-Monitor with
this information, quoting World Bank officials who discussed these statistics during a
meeting in Turkey with a number of members of civil society organizations seeking to find a
solution to the poverty crisis in Iraq.
Hassani questions the accuracy of the poverty rates announced by the Iraqi government,
affirming that these rates are continuously increasing because of a rise in daily violence and
spike in unemployment rates in addition to a weakening of the Iraqi economy.
Based on the World Bank’s figures, this would mean that out of Iraq’s 34.7 million citizens,
more than 9.5 million individuals are living below the poverty line.
Governor of Baghdad Ali al-Tamimi told Al-Monitor that the Iraqi government is not able to
provide genuine solutions to deal with the poverty crisis in the country. Its role is limited to
doling out a monthly salary for the poor,ranging between $40 and $100 depending on the
number of family members. This amount is disbursed every three months; however, it does
not evenmeet the daily needs of families.Tamimi affirmed that poverty rates are very high,
and that whoever says otherwise knows nothing about the situation of Iraqi society. Tamimi,
like Hassani, objects to the attempt of some governmental sources to deceive the public
regarding poverty rates in Iraq and the resulting risks.
Speaking to Al-Monitor, Ali Shir, a member of the parliamentary Human Rights Committee,
did not deny the fact that the poverty rate in Iraq is very high and that thousands of families
feed on “garbage and live in landfills and slums.” He attributed this situation to the fact that
the Iraqi government is channeling more focus to other issues, mainly the security situation
and armament. This comes at the expense of social plights that are exacerbating by the day.
Hassani argues that the ideal solution involves cooperating with various organizations to put
in place a new social security law for the unemployed.This law must comprise all social
groups that are unable to work for one reason or another. In fact, a draft law on this
subject was prepared and presented to parliament for ratification. According to the draft
law, one-third of the state’s budget should be allocated to provide fixed monthly salaries for
the groups specified in the law.

15. What is striking is that the social security law for the unemployed was not passed. According
to Hassani, 13 social security draft laws proposed by various committees in parliament are
currently up for discussion. The inability of politicians and officials to reach an agreement
was the reason behind the failure to propose a unified social security draft law within
parliament.
Al-Monitor visited many slums and poor neighborhoods such as the Safar and Husainiyah
neighborhoods in Sadr City. While these neighborhoods are located within the borders of the
capital to the north and northeast, they do not have water or electricity services. Roads are
unpaved and houses are built with blocks that are covered with brittle tinplate fixed to the
roofs with weights to keep them in place.
Al-Monitor interviewed some of the residents who said that they were living a miserable life
and rely on wealthy donors to meet their basic needs. They addressed the government
asking, “Until when will we tolerate the situation? We as well as our children are hungry.”
The families with whom Al-Monitor met made it clear that they are not optimistic about their
situation and that of the country in general.”
base dito ay hindi nababantayan ang kalagayan ng Iraq ng mga namumuno ditto kaya lalong
tumataas ang rate ng Poverty sa bansa. Sadyang nakapagtataka ang kalagayang tio dahil sa
kinikita ng bansang Iraq ay ganto parin kalala ang kanilang sitwasyon at nagkakaron sila ng
lakas ng loob na magsimula ng banta ng terrorismo sa ibang bansa at magubos ng kanilang mga
kayamanan upang gumera ngunit di nila nababantayan ang sariling bansa. Pinapatunayan ng mga
salaysay na ito ay talagang iresponsable at may mali sa pagpapatakbo ng halos lahat sa
namumuno sa Iraq.

16. Katiwalian sa Pamahalaan at Kawalan ng katagang pampulitika
Sa lahat lahat wala nang nakikitang ibang dahilan kung bakit naghihirap ang bansang Iraq kundi
dahil sa mga tiwaling opisyal na nakaupo na wala ng ginagawa kundi manguha ng perang
pansariling luho sa kabayan ng bayan na dapat napupunta sa katauhan ng bansa, at ang resulta
nito ay naghihirap ang mga tao sa bansa dahil walang nasuporta sa kanila. Matibay ng prueba ng
Katiwalian sa bansa ang Kahirapan. Ang Katiwalian sa pamahalaan ay di lagi dahil sa
pangungurakot maari din dahil sa pagiging iresponsable ng mga nakaupo , ang mga taong ito ay
ung mga taong binoboto ng tao ngunit wala namng ginagawa sa Bansa kundi sumweldo lang ng
sumweldo, di man pagnanakaw ang ginagawa nila ay di parin tama un dahil di nila
nagagampanan ang kanilang tungkulin bilang isang pinuno ng bansa, at nagiging dahilan un ng
matinding kahirapan. Maari din namang rason ng mga bagay na nagreresula sa katiwalian ay ang
di pagkakaintindihan ng mga namumuno na nagreresulta ng away na makakaapekto ng malaki sa
ating bansa at gumamit ng karamihan sa mga oras at pera na ginugugol dapat sa ikabubuti ng
bansa.

17. Bantang Terrorismo
May dalawang paraan ng bantang terrorismo sa Iraq, maaring sila ang nababantaan ng
Terrorismo o sila ang nababantaaan pero kadalasan ay sa kanila talaga nangagaling ng bantang
terrorismo. Ang Iraq ay kilala sa pagiging malakas nito dahil lagi silang napapabalitang sangkot
sag era o away pambansa kaya nabuo nila ang title na”War on Terror” na pinangalan ng US sa
kanila. Kadalasan ding rason ng pumapasok na bantang terrorismo sa kanilang bansa ay dahil
lang din sa banta nila na ibinabalik sa kanila ng bansang pinagbantaan nila o ginyera nila at
nakabangon

18. SUMMARIZATION at REKOMENDASYON:
Sa kalahatan ay ang lahat ng dahilan ng mga paghihirap o mga mali sa lipunan ng Iraq ay lahat
dahil sa katiwalian ng gobyernong humahawak dito. Maari namang maging mabuti ang
kalagayan ng bansang Iraq kung aayusin lamang ng mga Opisyal ang kanilang pagpapatakbno ng
walang ginawagawang katiwalian at siguradong bubuti ang sistema at kalagayan ng bansang
Iraq.
Sa panahon ngayon maaring silang magpagawa ng mga batas na mahigpit dapat na ipinapatupad
sa buong bansa. Ang mga batas na ito ay dapat walang pinapalagpas at may patas patas na
pananaw sa lahat ng tao may inuupuan man o wala, mayaman man o mahirap lahat damay at
dapat walang ligtas sa ganong pamamaraan ay lalong maiisaayos at matutupad ang mga layunin
na ninanais ng batas na ipinatupad.
Sa Lumalaking populasyon naman ay maari silang magpatupad ng RH bill na nagbibigay ng
iba’t ibang pamamraan ng family planning na maaring makatulong sa pagdami ng kanilang mga
anak. Ang RH bill kagaya ng sa Pinas ay nagpopromote ng mga bagay na galling sa medisina
upang mapigilan ang production na gumagawa ng mga bata.
Sa Katiwalian sa Gobyerno, dapat may karapat dapat na namumuno sa lahat at litisin ang mga
ibang pinuno upang malaman kung sino talaga ang may sala ng lahat at kung may mapatunayan
hindi dapat ito bigyan ng “Special Treatment” dahil kung ganto lang rin naman ay parang wala
ding magagawa.

19. Maraming maaring gawin na magiging madali lamang dahil sa kapangyarihan na hawak ng
Gobyerno ngunit bakit hindi nila ginagawa? Nagpapatunay lamang iyon na talagang may mali sa
kanilang pamamahala at yon ang nagiging dahilan ng kanilang kalagayan sa kasalukuyan.
Ang pagpili ng mga namumuno ay nasa sa tao kung kaya naman ay hindi buong dahilan ng
kanilang kalagayan ay dahil lang sa gobyerno kundi dahil din rin sa mga tao dahil sila ang
pumipili ng maglilingkod sa kanila kaya naman dapat nag iisip muna ang mga tao bago
magdesisyon.
Ang lahat ng tao ay may karapatan at dapat nila itong ipaglaban ang problema lang talaga ay di
marunong lumaban ang mga tao para sa karapatan nila kaya natatapakan nalang sila o maari
namang walang alam ang mga tao sa karapatan nila dahil sila’y di nakapagaral.
Ang bantang terorismo naman, nagkakaron lang sila nito dahil lagi silang kumaklaban sa ibang
bansa. Maari namang kumalaban sa ibang bansa ngunit sa mahinahong paraan ng hindi
dumadanak ang dugo ngunit hindi nagging ganon ang pamamaraan ng Iraq kung kaya naman
lagging nagagalit ang ibang bansa sa kanila

20. REFERENCES:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Terrorism_in_Iraq
https://www.google.com.ph/search?output=search&sclient=psy-
ab&q=Iraq&btnG=#q=kawalan+ng+katatagang+pampulitika
http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/02/iraq-poverty-rates-increase-government-
failure.html
http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/02/iraq-poverty-rates-increase-government-
failure.html#
http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/countries/middle-east-and-north-africa/iraq
https://www.google.com.ph/search?output=search&sclient=psy-
ab&q=Iraq&btnG=#q=Iraq+abuse+of+Human+Rights
http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Iraq.html