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1. NUTRITIONNUTRITION

2. NUTRITION
OBTAINING
NUTRIENTS RESPIRATION
SUBSTANCE
DISTRIBUTION EXCRETION
AUTOTROPHIC
NUTRITION
HETEROTROPHIC
NUTRITION

3. WHAT IS NUTRITION?WHAT IS NUTRITION?
It is a set of processes through which living
things take food, and convert it into their own
matter and energy.
According to the type of nutrition, living things
are classified as:
◦ Autotrophs.
◦ Heterotrophs.

4. ◦ AUTOTROPH: make their own organic matter
from inorganic matter using a source of
energy:
 Photoautotroph: use energy from the
sun to produce food (plants).
 Chemoautotroph: use energy from
chemical reactions to produce food
(bacteria).

5. ◦ HETEROTROPHS: feed on organic matter
produced by other living things. They
transform this matter to obtain nutrients and
energy.
◦ Herbivores → They feed on plants
◦ Carnivores → They feed on animals
◦ Omnivores → They feed on plants and animals

6. Nutrition involves four processes:
1.Digestive Process.
2.Respiration.
3.Circulation: substances transport.
4.Excretion.

7. What is the digestive process?What is the digestive process?
It includes all the processes which break down
food into simple substances which are used for
energy, growth and cell repair.
It has four stages in animals:
◦ Ingestion
◦ Digestion
◦ Absorption
◦ Egestion

8. 1. Ingestion: is the intake of food, usually
through the mouth.
http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8430034/UNIDAD%202/unit_02_video_02.html

9. 2. Digestion → is the transformation of food into nutrients.
There are two types:
◦ Intracellular: It occurs inside individual cells.
◦ Extracellular: It occurs in the digestive tube. The transformation of
food is both mechanical and chemical:
 Mechanical: food is broken into smaller pieces.
 Chemical: food is transformed chemically through the action of
enzymes.

11. 3. Absorption → is the passage of nutrients
from the digestive system into the blood. The
blood carries the nutrients to the cells.
4. Egestion → is the elimination of undigested
and waste products from the digestive system.
These products are transformed into faeces
and expelled from the organism.
http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8430034/UNIDAD%202/unit_02_video_03.html

12. What digestive systems are there?What digestive systems are there?
There are two main types:
◦ Gastric cavity → in animals with intracellular
digestion. Ex. Sponges.

13. ◦ Digestive tube → It begins in the mouth,
where food enters, and ends in the anus,
where food wastes are expelled. It is found in
animals with extracellular digestion.

16. How do animals breathe?How do animals breathe?
Animals breath by inhaling oxygen from the
outside, and then exhaling carbon dioxide.
This gas exchange takes place in the
Respiratory System.
There are four types of respiration in animals:
Cutaneous Respiration
Gas exchange occurs through
the skin. Ex. Amphibians.

18. Gills andGills and
OperculumOperculum TrachaeaTrachaea

20. Pulmonary respiration:
Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.
It takes place in two movements:
- Inhalation: air comes in the lungs.
- Exhalation: air comes out the lungs.
This occurs in birds, reptils, mammals and some
amphibians.
http://www.educaplus.org/play-59-Centro-respiratorio.html

22. Circulatory SystemsCirculatory Systems
The circulatory system has two functions:
◦ It carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells.
◦ It removes carbon dioxide and waste products from
the metabolism.

23. The circulatory system consists on:
◦ Blood: fluid made up of proteins, water and
cells.
◦ Blood Vessels: ducts which carry blood.
Arteries, Veins and Capilars.
◦ Heart: an organ like a pump which makes
blood circulate.
http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/
es/a387-circulacion-sanguinea

24. APARATO
CIRCULATORIO
dos tipos
puede ser
ABIERTO CERRADO
SIMPLE DOBLE

25. • Propio de artrópodos y moluscos.
• El líquido circulante sale de los vasos para bañar los tejidos
del cuerpo, y, una vez intercambian las sustancias con
las células, regresan a los vasos.
Animales con aparato circulatorio abierto
Sistema circulatorio
abierto de un
artrópodo
El líquido circulante
entra y sale de los
vasos para
intercambiar
sustancias
Un corazón con
orificios impulsa el
líquido circulante

26. • Se da en algunos invertebrados y en peces.
• El corazón impulsa el líquido circulante, que va a los órganos
respiratorios, donde toma oxígeno, y de allí va al resto
del cuerpo.
• Una vez intercambia sustancias con el cuerpo, la sangre
vuelve al corazón.
Animales con aparato circulatorio cerrado simple
Sistema circulatorio cerrado
simple de un pez
1: El corazón impulsa
la sangre.
2: La sangre va a las
branquias donde
recoge oxígeno.
3: La sangre se
reparte por el cuerpo
para intercambiar
sustancias.
4: La sangre
vuelve de los
distintos órganos
al corazón.

27. In a Simple circulatory system, the blood only
passes through the heart once (fish).

28. • Se da en vertebrados terrestres.
• El corazón impulsa la sangre hacia los pulmones. En ellos suelta
dióxido de carbono y toma oxígeno.
• Luego la sangre regresa al corazón, donde es impulsada a
los órganos. En ellos se produce el intercambio de sustancias.
• De los diferentes órganos, la sangre vuelve al corazón.
Animales con aparato circulatorio cerrado doble
Sistema
circulatorio
cerrado doble
de un ave
1: El corazón impulsa
la sangre.
2: La sangre va a los
pulmones, donde
recoge oxígeno, y
regresa al corazón.
3: El corazón
vuelve a bombear
la sangre, que va
a los distintos
órganos
4: La sangre
vuelve de los
distintos órganos
al corazón.

29. In a Double circulatory system, the blood
passes through the heart twice (other
vertebrates).

30. ExcretionExcretion
It is the process of collecting waste products,
such as carbon dioxide, ammoniac and urea,
and expelling them outside the body.

31. • Las esponjas y los cnidarios expulsan los desechos a través
de la superficie de su cuerpo, pues la mayor parte de sus
células están en contacto directo con el medio.
Animales sin órganos especializados en la excreción

32. • La excreción se lleva a cabo por:
• Los órganos respiratorios
• Los órganos excretores
Animales con órganos especializados en la excreción
Aparato
respiratorio
Aparato excretor
(tubos de Malpighi)
de un artrópodo
Tubos de
Malpighi
Riñones

33. PLANTS NUTRITIONPLANTS NUTRITION

34. Plants are autotrophs, they produce organic
matter from inorganic matter.
Processes of plant nutrition:
1. Absorption → is the movement of water and
mineral salts (Raw Sap) from the ground to
the interior of the roots.

35. 2. Transport of raw sap it travels up the→
steam to the leaves of the plant through Xylem
Vessels.

36. 3. Gas exchange occurs in the leaf stomata.→
Carbon dioxide enters the plant and oxygen
leaves. In this process, water evaporates
(transpiration).

37. 4. Photosynthesis it takes place in the→
chloroplasts of the green parts of the plant.
Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight to produce energy,
which transforms raw sap and carbon dioxide
into elaborated sap (glucose).
Water + Mineral Salts + CO2 + Sunlight  O2 + Glucose

40. 5. Transport of elaborated sap goes from→
the green parts of the plants to all parts, through
the Phloem Vessels.

42. 1a The absorption
of water and
mineral salts
1. OBTAINING
NUTRIENTS
1b Carbon dioxide
(CO2) absorption
1c Photosynthesis
2. RESPIRATION
3. SUBSTANCE
DISTRIBUTION
4. ELIMINATING
WASTE MATTER

43. http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8430050/UNIDAD
%202/unit_02_video_04.html
http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8430050/UNIDAD
%202/unit_02_video_02.html