The document discusses various security threats in wireless sensor networks such as denial of service (DOS) attacks, Sybil attacks, wormhole attacks, and Hello flood attacks. It then provides solutions and techniques to mitigate these threats, including using encryption methods like ECC and RSA, and protocols like LEAP. Multicasting and broadcasting in wireless sensor networks is also briefly covered.

1. @
@
mahsanmokhtari83@gmail.com
mahsanmokhtari83@gmail.com

2. > @ @
> > @ @> >
. > > @
. < @
@ > >
. >
2

3. > @ @
. > @ @ > @ @
> > @ > @ >> > @
> < > @ >
> > > @ > @ > @
. > @ >>
> <> > @
@ > @ > >. @
> > > > @> >
> < > < @>
. >
3

4. @ @
E B
C A
D
Sensor nodes
Sensor field
User 4

5. @
> > @ @
@ . > > >
>> @ <
>> > > < . >
.
@ @ @ > < @
< > > >
Parent
.
5

6. @
>> @ > @ > >>
.> > >
> > <> @>
@ . @
.
6
@ >

7. @
. > > @ @ @ >
> > > »
. «
@ @ > @
. > .
< @ @> > @
. > > >
7

8. @ >
>
> @ @
>
>
>
>
@
>
8

9. @ @ @
>> >
>>
>>
@ >
>
(Secure Range-In depended Localization) SeRLoc >
µTESLA 9

10. @ >>
>
Sybil
Wormhole
Black hole/Sinkhole
>
>
>
>
Hello Flood
>> @ 10

11. (DOS)
> > < >. @ > >
> @> > > > > >
> .
.>
>> @ < >
> <@ @ >.
. @ >@
> <@ @ > <DoS >
> @ > <
.>
11

12. DOS
> > >
- @ > - @ -
@ - >
>
> >
>
@ >
@ >
> - - >
> - -
@
( ) 12

13. (DOS)
> > < @ >>
> > < >.
. < @ > > > > @
. :>> > > > >
> > >
.> >
> @ >> < >
> <
13

14. SYBIL
> " sybil
.>> ">
@ > @ >
> sybil < @ @ . >
> <@ @ < > > < @
.
sybil > < @ >@ @ > > @
@ > >< . @ @
.> sybil <
. >
14

15. SYBIL
Sybil > <ad hoc <
.
@ @ > <> @ >
. > @
> >. > >
> @
.
@ > > > Sybil
. Sybil @ . >
15

16. SYBIL
F Z
Y
B
A
E B
C
X
Sybil Node
16
C

17. SYBIL
<Sybil > >@
. >
> « » :> > > > @ >
= >
< > « » >
. >
17

18. > > > >
. > @ @
> >< >
.
> > > > <> > @
.? > < > >
18

19. . > < >>
. <> >
< > >> @
. > > >
@ @ < >
@ @ @ >
. > @>
> < >@ @ >
. > < @ >
19

20. BLACK HOLE/SINK HOLE
>
.
@ @ > < >
> > @ . >
.
< > @ > >
. > >@ @ >@ <
20

21. BLACK HOLE
B
Attacker
Base Station
21

22. < > > > @ @ >> >
.
> > @
@ > >. @
. @ @
> < @
@ >< . > > > > > >
> < >
. @
. > > > > > 22

23. > >
.
.
.
@
.
.
23

24. > @ > @
. >
@ >
@ > >> <
. >
> > < > @> >
. >
24

25. HELLO FLOOD
@ > > @ > Hello @
. >
> > > > < >
> > @ @> Hello @
< . <
. >
@ < > > >
> > > <
.
25

26. > @ > < >
< >> >. >
. > @>
< > >
> < . > > ><
.>
< > @> @ > @ > @ >
> @ > > > @
. < >
26

27. WORMHOLE
> @ <wormhole
@ .> @ >
.> > >
<> @ @
> > > @
.> >
27

28. WORMHOLE
Attacker
B Z B Z
Wormhole link
Y Y
28

29. WORMHOLE
Hass <Dahill < ad hoc @ @ <wormhole >
> @ @ < > >@ . Hu
.
@ < @ > @ >> @
RF > . wormhole >
. watermarking
wormhole < @ > @ > @>
@ < > @ @ . @
. >>
>@ > @
. <
29

30. WORMHOLE
wormhole
> >
30

31. - >= @
DES,3DES,RC5,AES = @
>
@ @ >
LEAP
>
Elliptic Curve Cryptography(ECC) @ @
31

32. @
ECC RSA
@ > > @ @ <ECC 160 @
. > RSA 1024
. RSA > > ECC > @
32

33. - >@ >
Agree on E , G
Alice chooses random KA TA = KA * G Bob chooses random KB
TB = KB * G
Compute KB * TA
Compute KA * TB
Agree on G * KB * KA 33

34. BROADCASTING & MULTICASTING
@ @
34

35. 35

36. 36

37. 37
Multicasting

38. 38
Broadcasting

39. ...
39