Common malignancies among women
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The document discusses several types of cancers that commonly affect women, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer. It provides statistics on the prevalence of these cancers in India and describes risk factors, warning signs, and recommended screening tests for early detection. Breast cancer screening includes annual mammograms after age 45 and clinical breast exams. Cervical cancer screening involves Pap tests starting at age 21 and HPV testing after age 30. Colorectal cancer screening involves colonoscopies, sigmoidoscopies, or stool tests for those over 50 or at high risk.
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Common malignancies among women
- 1. Malignancies among Women Early detection & Prevention MATHEW VARGHESE V MSN(RAK),FHNP (CMC Vellore),CPEPC Nursing officer AIIMS Delhi 1mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 2. Cancer Statistics in India Positio n Male Female 1 LIP,ORAL CAVITY BREAST 2 LUNG CERVIX 3 STOMACH COLORECTUM 4 COLORECTUM OVARY 5 PHARYNX LIP,ORAL CAVITY 2mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 3. Breast cancer Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in India and accounts for 27% of all cancers in women It can occur at any age, but the risk goes up as you get older. Some women at high risk for breast cancer because of their family history and genetic tendency 3mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 4. Warning Signs of Breast Cancer 4mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 5. Warning Signs of Breast Cancer 5mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 6. Breast Cancer Screening Tests Mammogram A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast. Mammograms are the best way to find breast cancer early. After 45yrs it is always better to do mammograms every year. Breast MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) A breast MRI uses magnets and radio waves to take pictures of the breast. Clinical Breast Exam A clinical breast exam is an examination by a doctor or nurse, who uses his or her hands to feel for lumps or other changes. 6mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 7. Breast self examination • Detects the majority of breast abnormalities • Potentially life-saving • Monthly exam, at end of menses • Start in front of mirror 7mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 9. Cervical cancer Cervical cancer can affect any woman who is or has been sexually active. It occurs in women who have had the human papilloma virus (HPV). This virus is passed during sex. Cervical cancer is also more likely in women who smoke, have HIV or AIDS, have poor nutrition. 9mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 10. Warning signs of Cervical Cancer Bleeding after intercourse Bleeding after menopause Bleeding between periods Bleeding following a pelvic exam Having heavier menstrual periods than usual or ones that last longer than usual Unusual vaginal discharge Pain during sex 10mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 11. Screening for Ca Cervix The American Cancer Society recommends Cervical cancer testing should start at age 21 Women between ages 21 and 29 should have a Pap smear test done every 3 years. Above 30 years aged women should have a Pap smear test plus an HPV(Human Papilloma Virus) test has to done every 3-5 yrs 11mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 12. Colorectal cancer Most colorectal cancers are found in people age 50 or older. People with a personal or family history of this cancer, or who have polyps in their colon or rectum, or those with inflammatory bowel disease are more likely to have colon cancer. 12mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 13. Warning signs of Colorectal cancer A change in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of the stool, that lasts for more than a few days A feeling that you need to have a bowel movement that is not relieved by doing so Rectal bleeding Dark stools, or blood in the stool Cramping or abdominal (belly) pain Weakness and fatigue Unintended weight loss 13mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 14. Screening of Colorectal Cancer Two types of tests 1.Tests that find polyps and cancer 2.Tests that mainly find cancer 14mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 15. Tests that find polyps and cancer Colonoscopy every 10 years CT Colonography (virtual colonoscopy) every 5 years Flexible Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years Double-contrast barium enema every 5 years 15mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in
- 16. Tests that mainly find cancer Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) every year Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) every year Stool DNA test every 3 years 16mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in