1. VLADIMIR PROPP’S CHARACTER THEORY
He noticed that many folk tales were similar in a variety of areas. He
identified a theory about characters and actions as narrative functions.
According the Propp, characters have a narrative function; they provide a
structure for the text.

2. THE HERO
› Embarks on a quest, seeks something.
› Saves the oppressed and brings down the villain.
› Commonly falls in love with the rescued.

3. THE VILLAIN
› Opposes or actively blocks the hero’s quest.
› Often tries to harm the princess.

4. THE DONER
› Gives the hero an object or a piece of information that
helps them prepare for what is to come.

5. THE DESPATCHER
› Sends that hero on their mission or quest.

6. THE FALSE HERO
› May appear good but has an ulterior motive, commonly to steal the love of the princess.
› Can attempt to take credit for the hero's actions.
› Can start out good but later betrays the hero.

7. THE HELPER
› Assists the hero with their quest.
› Usually the comic relief.

8. THE PRINCESS
› Needs assistance from the hero, usually because they are in
some form of danger.

9. THE PRINCESS’ FATHER
› Rewards the hero for his efforts, usually with his daughter’s hand in
marriage.
› Can also act as the despatcher.

10. THE STRUGGLE SCENE
› There is a struggle between the hero and the villain.
› The hero fulfils their destiny.
› The villain is defeated.
› The state of disorder is resolved.

11. THE RECOGNITION SCENE
› Stage in the film when the hero is recognised.
OR
› The false hero or villain is unmasked and/or punished.
OR
› The hero gets their reward.