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New public deliberationsTwitter as a new campaign tool for public discussions,[object Object],Maurice Vergeer,[object Object],Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands,[object Object],Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,[object Object],LiesbethHermans,[object Object],Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands,[object Object],WAPOR 64th Annual Conference in Amsterdam,[object Object],September 21-23, 2011,[object Object],Amsterdam, The Netherlands,[object Object],This research was supported by WCU (World Class University) program through theNational Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science andTechnology (No. 515-82-06574),[object Object]
Introduction,[object Object],Dividebetween politics and citizens,[object Object],Distrust,[object Object],Decreasingvoterturnout,[object Object],What to do?,[object Object]
The Netherlands,[object Object],Earlyadopter,[object Object],Europeanparliamentelections 2009,[object Object],Low adoptionrate,[object Object],Butsomeveryactivecandidates,[object Object],(Vergeer , Hermans & Sams, 2011; in press),[object Object]
Social media,[object Object],Informing,[object Object],Connecting,[object Object],Communicating,[object Object]
The Dutch parliamentelections of 2010,[object Object],Significantlylargerimplementation of Twitter as a campaign instrument,[object Object]
Campaign models,[object Object]
Norris, 2001; Gibson & Römmele, 2001; Vergeer, Hermans & Sams, in press,[object Object]
Norris, 2001; Gibson & Römmele, 2001; Vergeer, Hermans & Sams, in press,[object Object]
Norris, 2001; Gibson & Römmele, 2001; Vergeer, Hermans & Sams, in press,[object Object]
Norris, 2001; Gibson & Römmele, 2001; Vergeer, Hermans & Sams, in press,[object Object]
But …,[object Object],Does is level the politicalplaying field?,[object Object]
Most dominant mode of analyses,[object Object],Content analysis,[object Object],Politicalmessages,[object Object],Personalcampaigning,[object Object],Trivialcommunication,[object Object],Socialnetworkanalysis,[object Object],Communicationnetworks,[object Object],Dynamics ,[object Object]
Networkanalysis,[object Object],Hyperlink analysis (Park ),[object Object],Blog analysis,[object Object],Socialnetworkanalysis,[object Object]
Research questions,[object Object],To what degree do candidates and the public engage in public discussions on the Web?,[object Object],To what extent is do parties engage in online communications?,[object Object],Do discussions take place within the boundaries of the party (i.e. many small ideological public spheres consisting of homogeneous networks) or are they crossing party boundaries?,[object Object]
Data,[object Object],API,[object Object],Profiles,[object Object],All tweetsbycandidatesusingTwitter,[object Object],Tweeting to followers and non-followers,[object Object],All tweetsbyfollowers of candidates,[object Object],Tweeting to candidates, followers of candidates and others,[object Object]
Candidates,[object Object],All tweets in 40 days prior to ElectionDay,[object Object],Inner circle,[object Object],All tweets of Twitterusersthatfollowcandidates,[object Object],Outercircle,[object Object],Twitterusers , notfollowingcandidatesbutwho are (re)tweeted to,[object Object]
Findings,[object Object],All messages: n=4,451,128 sent out by the candidates and the inner circle of the candidates,[object Object],nearly half of all messages is undirected, i.e. sent to no one in particular. ,[object Object],About a third is sent to people on Twitter not following any candidates (i.e. outer circle).  ,[object Object],Little over a sixth of the messages are sent to people following at least one candidate, ,[object Object]
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Messages sent to and from  party candidates (%),[object Object]
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter
Conclusion,[object Object],Socialmedia’ssuccesskills the social part,[object Object],Successfullpeople turn social media intomass media,[object Object],Only few replies,[object Object],Littlereciprocity in general,[object Object],Social relations,[object Object],Communication relations,[object Object],Reciprocitydecreaseswhenactivitiesincrease,[object Object],Level playing field?,[object Object]
So . . .Back where we started?,[object Object]

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Candidates' Communication patterns on Twitter

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