COPY/EXPORT OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS SPSS output can be selectively copied and pasted into Word by using the Copy command: · Click on the SPSS output in the Viewer Window. · Right click for options. · Select the Copy command. · Paste into a Microsoft Word document. The Copy command will preserve the formatting of the SPSS tables and charts when pasting into Microsoft Word. An alternative method is to use the Export command: · Click on the SPSS output in the Viewer Window. · Right click for options. · Select the Export command. · Save the file as Word/RTF (.doc) to your computer. · Open the .doc file. Running head: Unit 4 Assignment 1 ANSWER TEMPLATE 5 Unit 4 Assignment 1 Answer Template Student Name University Unit 4 Assignment 1 Answer Template The following assignment includes three sections, consisting of: 1. z scores in SPSS. 2. case studies of Type I and Type II error. 3. Case studies of null hypothesis testing. Additional notes: · Answer in complete sentences. · Follow APA rules for scholarly writing. · Include a reference list if necessary. · Save your answers and upload to the assignment area for grading. Section 1: z Scores in SPSS A z score is typically analyzed when a population mean (µ) and population standard deviation (σ) are known. However, in SPSS, we can still calculate z scores with the grades.sav data using the sample mean (M) and sample standard deviation (s). To do this, open grades.sav in SPSS. Under the Analyze menu, select Descriptive Statistics, and then Descriptives… You will be calculating and interpreting z scores for the total variable. As shown on the next page, move the total variable into the Variable(s) window. Select the Save standardized variables as values option and press OK. SPSS provides descriptive statistics for total in the Output window. SPSS also creates a new variable in the far right column of the Data Editor area labeled Ztotal. Ztotal provides a z score for each case on the total variable. You are now prepared to answer the following Section 1 questions. Question 1 What is the sample mean (M) and sample standard deviation (s) for total?You will use these values in Question 2 below. [Answer here in complete sentences. Replace this prompt and the prompts below, using as much space as necessary to answer questions.] Question 2 A z score for this sample is calculated as [(X – M) ÷ s]. Locate Case #53’s unstandardized total score (X)in the Data Editor. In the formula below, replace X, M, s, and ? to show how the z score in Ztotal is derived for Case #53. (X – M ) ÷ s = ? Question 3 Run Descriptives… on Ztotal. What is the mean and standard deviation of Ztotal?(Hint: “0E7” in SPSS is scientific notation for 0). Is the mean and standard deviation what you would expect? Justify your answer. [Answer here in complete sentences] Question 4 Case #6 has a Ztotal score of 1.40. What does a z value of 1.40 represent? [Answer here in complete sentences] Question 5 Identify the cas.

1. COPY/EXPORT OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS
SPSS output can be selectively copied and pasted into Word by
using the Copy command:
· Click on the SPSS output in the Viewer Window.
· Right click for options.
· Select the Copy command.
· Paste into a Microsoft Word document.
The Copy command will preserve the formatting of the SPSS
tables and charts when pasting into Microsoft Word.
An alternative method is to use the Export command:
· Click on the SPSS output in the Viewer Window.
· Right click for options.
· Select the Export command.
· Save the file as Word/RTF (.doc) to your computer.
· Open the .doc file.
Running head: Unit 4 Assignment 1 ANSWER TEMPLATE
5
Unit 4 Assignment 1 Answer Template
Student Name
University
Unit 4 Assignment 1 Answer Template
The following assignment includes three sections, consisting of:
1. z scores in SPSS.

2. 2. case studies of Type I and Type II error.
3. Case studies of null hypothesis testing.
Additional notes:
· Answer in complete sentences.
· Follow APA rules for scholarly writing.
· Include a reference list if necessary.
· Save your answers and upload to the assignment area for
grading.
Section 1: z Scores in SPSS
A z score is typically analyzed when a population mean (µ) and
population standard deviation (σ) are known. However, in SPSS,
we can still calculate z scores with the grades.sav data using the
sample mean (M) and sample standard deviation (s). To do this,
open grades.sav in SPSS. Under the Analyze menu, select
Descriptive Statistics, and then Descriptives…
You will be calculating and interpreting z scores for the total
variable. As shown on the next page, move the total variable
into the Variable(s) window. Select the Save standardized
variables as values option and press OK.
SPSS provides descriptive statistics for total in the Output
window. SPSS also creates a new variable in the far right
column of the Data Editor area labeled Ztotal. Ztotal provides a
z score for each case on the total variable. You are now
prepared to answer the following Section 1 questions.
Question 1

3. What is the sample mean (M) and sample standard deviation (s)
for total?You will use these values in Question 2 below.
[Answer here in complete sentences. Replace this prompt and
the prompts below, using as much space as necessary to answer
questions.]
Question 2
A z score for this sample is calculated as [(X – M) ÷ s]. Locate
Case #53’s unstandardized total score (X)in the Data Editor. In
the formula below, replace X, M, s, and ? to show how the z
score in Ztotal is derived for Case #53.
(X – M ) ÷ s = ?
Question 3
Run Descriptives… on Ztotal. What is the mean and standard
deviation of Ztotal?(Hint: “0E7” in SPSS is scientific notation
for 0). Is the mean and standard deviation what you would
expect? Justify your answer.
[Answer here in complete sentences]
Question 4
Case #6 has a Ztotal score of 1.40. What does a z value of 1.40
represent?
[Answer here in complete sentences]
Question 5
Identify the case with the lowest z score. Refer to Appendix A
in the Warner (2013) text. Interpret the percentile rank of this z
score rounded to whole numbers.

4. [Answer here in complete sentences]
Question 6
Identify the case with the highest z score. Refer to Appendix A
in the Warner (2013) text. Interpret the percentile rank of this z
score rounded to whole numbers.
[Answer here in complete sentences]
Section 2: Cases Studies of Type I and Type II Errors
Question 7
A jury must determine the guilt of a criminal defendant (not
guilty, guilty). Identify how the jury would make a correct
decision. Analyze how the jury would commit a Type I error
versus a Type II error.
[Answer here in complete sentences]
Question 8
An I/O psychologist asks employees to complete surveys
measuring job satisfaction and organizational citizenship
behavior. She intends to measure the strength of association
between these two variables. The researcher is concerned that
she will commit a Type I error. What research decision
influences the magnitude of risk of a Type I error in her study?
[Answer here in complete sentences]
Question 9
A clinical psychologist is studying the efficacy of a new drug
medication for depression. The study includes a placebo group
(no medication) versus a treatment group (new medication). He
then measures the differences in depressive symptoms across
the two groups.
What would a Type I error represent within the context of his
study? How can he reduce the risk of committing a Type I

5. error? How does this decision affect the risk of committing a
Type II error?
[Answer here in complete sentences]
Section 3: Case Studies of Hypothesis Testing
Question 10
You are running a series of statistical tests in SPSS using the
“standard” criterion for rejecting a null hypothesis. You obtain
the following p values.
Test #1 calculates group differences with a p value = .07.
Test #2 calculates the strength of association between two
variables with a p value = .50.
Test #3 calculates group differences with a p value = .001.
For each Test below, state whether or not you reject the null
hypothesis. For each test, also explain what your decision
implies in terms of group differences (Test 1 and Test 3) and in
terms of the strength of association between two variables (Test
2).
Test #1 (group differences) =
Test #2 (strength of association) =
Test #3 (group differences) =
Question 11
A researcher calculates a statistical test and obtains a p value of
.86. He decides to reject the null hypothesis. Is this decision
correct, or has he committed a Type I or Type II error? Explain
your answer.
[Answer here in complete sentences]
Question 12
You are proposing a research study that you would like to

6. conduct while attending Capella University. During the
proposal, a committee member asks you to explain in your own
words what you meant by saying “p less than (<) .05.” Provide
an explanation.
[Answer here in complete sentences]
References
Provide references if necessary. This concludes Unit 4
Assignment 1. Save your answers and upload in the assignment
area.
z Scores, Type I and II Error, Null Hypothesis Testing
This is your second IBM SPSS Assignment.
It includes three sections. You will:
1. Generate z scores for a variable in grades.sav and
report/interpret them.
2. Analyze cases of Type I and Type II error.
3. Analyze cases to either reject or not reject a null hypothesis.
The format of this assignment should be narrative with
supporting statistical output (table and graphs) integrated (see
the Copy/Export Output Instructions in the Resources area for
how to do this) into the narrative in the appropriate place (not
all at the end of the document).
Download the Unit 4 Assignment 1 Answer Template from the
Resources area and use the template to complete the following
sections:
· Section 1: z Scores in SPSS.
· Section 2: Case Studies of Type I and Type II Error.
· Section 3: Case Studies of Null Hypothesis Testing.
Submit your assignment as an attached Word document.