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Linked Data at The Open University:
   From Technical Challenges to
     Organizational Innovation
     Mathieu d’Aquin (@mdaquin)
         Knowledge Media Institute
     Stuart Brown (@stuartbrown)
         Communication Services
          The Open University
What are we doing in the industry
track?
 Knowledge Media Institute:
 leading research center on
 semantic web technologies:
   – Ontology
     engineering, ontology
     discovery
   – Knowledge
     representation, reasoning, pr
     oblem solving
   – Interoperability, services, onto
     logy matching, data linking
   – 80 researchers/research
     assistants/PhD Students/
     Academic-related staff
   – 100s of publications
And So?
KMi is a department of the Open
University
The Open University:
  – The largest university in the UK:
    250K students per year, 8000
    associate lecturers, a big campus
    in Milton Keynes
  – Created in 1969
  – Almost entirely open and distance
    learning
  – 13 regional center, more national
    centers, courses available in a
    large number of countries
 Big organization = crazy
information infrastructure
data.open.ac.uk
The first linked data platform providing
open information from a across a whole
university
Lots a (types) of data
Course information:
    580 modules/ description of the course, information about the levels and number of
    credits associated with it, topics, and conditions of enrolment.
Research publications:
    16,000 academic articles / information about authors, dates, abstract and venue of the
    publication.
Podcasts:
    2220 video podcasts and 1500 audio podcats / short description, topics, link to a
    representative image and to a transscript if available, information about the course the
    podcast might relate to and license information regarding the content of the podcast.
Open Educational Resources:
    640 OpenLearn Units / short description, topics, tags used to annotate the
    resource, its language, the course it might relate to, and the license that applies to the
    content.
Youtube videos:
    900 videos / short description of the video, tags that were used to annotate the
    video, collection it might be part of and link to the related course if relevant.
University buildings:
    100 buildings / address, a picture of the building and the sub-divisions of the building
    into floors and spaces.
Library catalogue:
    12,000 books/ topics, authors, publisher and ISBN, as well as the course related.
Others…
Collect                       Extract                        Link   Store                Expose


    Scheduler                                                        Ontologies

                               Cleaning                 RDF file (add)
                               rules                                                        URL redirection
                                                        RDF file
             RSS                                                            Delete (1)      rules
                                                        (delete)
          Extractor                       RDF                               Add (2)
             ORO, podcast               Cleaner
                                                                                                   Web
    RSS feed
                                        RDF file (add)                                            Server
                                        RDF file (delete)
      RSS Updater
                                           RDF
             New items                   Extractor                                             SPARQL
             Obsolete items                 Each datasets
                                                                                              endpoint
                                    Entity
           XML                      Name
          Updater                  System
          Lib, courses, loc              URI creation
                                         rules
                                                   Planning + Logging
     Generic process                    Dataset specific process
First Issue: Convincing People
Not the technical bit… that’s easy
data.open.ac.uk is now a core infrastructure
element of the Open University. But it took a lot of
talking…
                        - Identify data                 Where most of
   LD Team              - Get sample data
              Initial
                        - Identify Copyright Issues     the work is
           Meeting with
   Data
           Data Owner
                        - Identify possible links       done
   Owner                - Identify users and usage

                           - Find reusable ontologies
   LD Team     Data                                        Data            LD Team
                           - Map onto the data
             Modeling                                    Modeling
                           - Identify uncovered parts                      Data
   LD Team   sessions                                    Validation
                           - Define URI Scheme                             Owner


                                         URI Creation
           Development                                        Deployment
   LD Team                                  Rules
            of Extractor
                                          Definition
What works
Not changing the way people work:
   – Pull data from feed exported by
     the original system. Not changing
     them, or introducing any additional
     difficulty.
   – Data taken “as is”, with an effort
     on understanding its original
     modeling.
Bring the user along, add value
  –   Data re-modeling as linked data
      creates positive side effects on
      the original data
  –   Talk about possible links and
      usages first
  –   Improve the usability of the data
      produce by the institution = make
      the work of people more visible
      and useful
So, what it is that we can do?

Oh no! We can’t find a killer app!

“Small things” that either were impossible before, or
are now trivial to do

Ben, in the corridor:

  Hey! Your linked data thing, can it tell me what are the
  podcasts attached to courses that we no longer offer?


Time difference in answering this question:
x weeks  5 minutes
not really feasible  easy
Simple works… A lot of “simple” works!



                                  Social


Resource
Discovery




                  Research
    Exploration
Example: map of buildings

                 Interactive map of
                 Open University
                 Buildings in the UK
                 Built in 1 hour
                 Connected to
                 Ordnance Survey for
                 location based on
                 post-codes

                 Allowed us to find
                 out about issues in
                 the data.
Example: Connecting our resources
Show the courses and podcasts that connect to a piece of open
educational resources.
Trivial with data.open.ac.uk
Impossible to do before (!)
Simple things as examples: Inspire



     The simple apps above are
     not demonstrating particularly
     impressive technical
     achievements: They are here
     to show what can be done
     (easily)
Study at the OU mobile application
(Communication and student services)
Supporting Research Evaluation
(Research School)
Discovery of open educational resources
(Open Media Unit and KMi)
So the technology is mature enough after
all?
No!
Providing an open SPARQL endpoint is a very bad
idea:
   1 query can kill everything (and it does… often)

Our approach: leave things open, fix when it breaks

Example: Mirror triple-stores updated in parallel

Example: Simple cache based on serving static files
for most popular URIs/query. The cache is updated
with the data.

Keep the standard/open/application independent
interface: Free and easy reuse helps innovation, an
API is an obstacle.
Conclusion
Starting point:
  Showing off our
  technology, information integration
  issues, access to open information

Where we got:
  (Open) innovation, competitive
  advantage, Linked Data as part of
  the backbone of the University’s
  information infrastructure, new
  systems built doing linked data by
  design

BTW, anybody has a better word
than backbone for linked data based
information infrastructure?
Going further…
We are not the only University (anymore):
    data.southampton.ac.uk, data.ox.ac.uk, data.aalto.fi, data.uni-
    muenster.de…
Ultimately, the University does not count: moving to
“education à la carte”
                               mEducator


                Orgs., Buid                Research
  The Open                                  outputs
                ings, Locati
  University
                    ons                                                 Data.gov.uk
                                                                         education
                                             Learning
                                            resources




OrganicEduNet                                                                 University of
                                                                              Muenster, DE
                        University of                   University of
                          Bristol                       Southampton
What we need: Community effort

LinkedUniversities.org
What we need: A reusable toolset
Marimba4lib.com
What we need: Compelling, global use
cases
LinedUp-Project.eu
Thanks!
        More info:
    http://data.open.ac.uk
   http://lucero-project.org
 http://linkeduniversities.org
  http://linkedup-project.eu
      http://mdaquin.net
mathieu.daquin@open.ac.uk
What it provides


• Linked Data: URIs resolve with
  redirects to RDF and HTML, content
  negotiation
• CC-By license on everything
• SPARQL endpoint (SPARQL 1.1)

• That’s all…
Integration
• Big organization = crazy
  information infrastructure
• Special focus on open/public
  information:
   – Course information
   – Open educational resources
     (OpenLearn)
   – Multimedia material: Podcast
     repository, iTunes U, openly
     licensed Youtube videos
   – Open access repository of
     research publications
Example: Charting our offering
                          Showing
                          basic charts
                          generated
                          from the
                          answers to
                          SPARQL
                          queries

                          The only
                          effort
                          required is
                          coming up
                          with the
Lean-back OU podcast channel on Google
TV
(IT services)
More on using the users…
Obviously: Won’t be convinced by technological
blabla
Show examples of what it can do! (BTW we have a
problem here…)
More importantly: ask them what they would like to
do. We asked: communication services, library
people, student services, marketing
services, faculties… (they are very creative)
A typical email of my inbox (inspired by a true story):
   Hi Mathieu,
   Stuart told me that your linked data thing might
   help with the problem Laura had with Guy’s
   system.
   Can we have a chat?
   Tx, Ben.
The OU’s presence in the media
(Media relations)




 Academics in “Arts and              Topics most commonly
 Humanities” most often involved     mentioned by news outlets
 with the media (in number of news   own by the BBC (in number
 items)                              of news items)

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Linked Data at the Open University: From Technical Challenges to Organizational Innovation

  • 1. Linked Data at The Open University: From Technical Challenges to Organizational Innovation Mathieu d’Aquin (@mdaquin) Knowledge Media Institute Stuart Brown (@stuartbrown) Communication Services The Open University
  • 2. What are we doing in the industry track? Knowledge Media Institute: leading research center on semantic web technologies: – Ontology engineering, ontology discovery – Knowledge representation, reasoning, pr oblem solving – Interoperability, services, onto logy matching, data linking – 80 researchers/research assistants/PhD Students/ Academic-related staff – 100s of publications
  • 3. And So? KMi is a department of the Open University The Open University: – The largest university in the UK: 250K students per year, 8000 associate lecturers, a big campus in Milton Keynes – Created in 1969 – Almost entirely open and distance learning – 13 regional center, more national centers, courses available in a large number of countries  Big organization = crazy information infrastructure
  • 4. data.open.ac.uk The first linked data platform providing open information from a across a whole university
  • 5. Lots a (types) of data Course information: 580 modules/ description of the course, information about the levels and number of credits associated with it, topics, and conditions of enrolment. Research publications: 16,000 academic articles / information about authors, dates, abstract and venue of the publication. Podcasts: 2220 video podcasts and 1500 audio podcats / short description, topics, link to a representative image and to a transscript if available, information about the course the podcast might relate to and license information regarding the content of the podcast. Open Educational Resources: 640 OpenLearn Units / short description, topics, tags used to annotate the resource, its language, the course it might relate to, and the license that applies to the content. Youtube videos: 900 videos / short description of the video, tags that were used to annotate the video, collection it might be part of and link to the related course if relevant. University buildings: 100 buildings / address, a picture of the building and the sub-divisions of the building into floors and spaces. Library catalogue: 12,000 books/ topics, authors, publisher and ISBN, as well as the course related. Others…
  • 6. Collect Extract Link Store Expose Scheduler Ontologies Cleaning RDF file (add) rules URL redirection RDF file RSS Delete (1) rules (delete) Extractor RDF Add (2) ORO, podcast Cleaner Web RSS feed RDF file (add) Server RDF file (delete) RSS Updater RDF New items Extractor SPARQL Obsolete items Each datasets endpoint Entity XML Name Updater System Lib, courses, loc URI creation rules Planning + Logging Generic process Dataset specific process
  • 7. First Issue: Convincing People Not the technical bit… that’s easy data.open.ac.uk is now a core infrastructure element of the Open University. But it took a lot of talking… - Identify data Where most of LD Team - Get sample data Initial - Identify Copyright Issues the work is Meeting with Data Data Owner - Identify possible links done Owner - Identify users and usage - Find reusable ontologies LD Team Data Data LD Team - Map onto the data Modeling Modeling - Identify uncovered parts Data LD Team sessions Validation - Define URI Scheme Owner URI Creation Development Deployment LD Team Rules of Extractor Definition
  • 8. What works Not changing the way people work: – Pull data from feed exported by the original system. Not changing them, or introducing any additional difficulty. – Data taken “as is”, with an effort on understanding its original modeling. Bring the user along, add value – Data re-modeling as linked data creates positive side effects on the original data – Talk about possible links and usages first – Improve the usability of the data produce by the institution = make the work of people more visible and useful
  • 9. So, what it is that we can do? Oh no! We can’t find a killer app! “Small things” that either were impossible before, or are now trivial to do Ben, in the corridor: Hey! Your linked data thing, can it tell me what are the podcasts attached to courses that we no longer offer? Time difference in answering this question: x weeks  5 minutes not really feasible  easy
  • 10. Simple works… A lot of “simple” works! Social Resource Discovery Research Exploration
  • 11. Example: map of buildings Interactive map of Open University Buildings in the UK Built in 1 hour Connected to Ordnance Survey for location based on post-codes Allowed us to find out about issues in the data.
  • 12. Example: Connecting our resources Show the courses and podcasts that connect to a piece of open educational resources. Trivial with data.open.ac.uk Impossible to do before (!)
  • 13. Simple things as examples: Inspire The simple apps above are not demonstrating particularly impressive technical achievements: They are here to show what can be done (easily)
  • 14. Study at the OU mobile application (Communication and student services)
  • 16. Discovery of open educational resources (Open Media Unit and KMi)
  • 17. So the technology is mature enough after all? No! Providing an open SPARQL endpoint is a very bad idea: 1 query can kill everything (and it does… often) Our approach: leave things open, fix when it breaks Example: Mirror triple-stores updated in parallel Example: Simple cache based on serving static files for most popular URIs/query. The cache is updated with the data. Keep the standard/open/application independent interface: Free and easy reuse helps innovation, an API is an obstacle.
  • 18. Conclusion Starting point: Showing off our technology, information integration issues, access to open information Where we got: (Open) innovation, competitive advantage, Linked Data as part of the backbone of the University’s information infrastructure, new systems built doing linked data by design BTW, anybody has a better word than backbone for linked data based information infrastructure?
  • 19. Going further… We are not the only University (anymore): data.southampton.ac.uk, data.ox.ac.uk, data.aalto.fi, data.uni- muenster.de… Ultimately, the University does not count: moving to “education à la carte” mEducator Orgs., Buid Research The Open outputs ings, Locati University ons Data.gov.uk education Learning resources OrganicEduNet University of Muenster, DE University of University of Bristol Southampton
  • 20. What we need: Community effort LinkedUniversities.org
  • 21. What we need: A reusable toolset Marimba4lib.com
  • 22. What we need: Compelling, global use cases LinedUp-Project.eu
  • 23. Thanks! More info: http://data.open.ac.uk http://lucero-project.org http://linkeduniversities.org http://linkedup-project.eu http://mdaquin.net mathieu.daquin@open.ac.uk
  • 24. What it provides • Linked Data: URIs resolve with redirects to RDF and HTML, content negotiation • CC-By license on everything • SPARQL endpoint (SPARQL 1.1) • That’s all…
  • 25. Integration • Big organization = crazy information infrastructure • Special focus on open/public information: – Course information – Open educational resources (OpenLearn) – Multimedia material: Podcast repository, iTunes U, openly licensed Youtube videos – Open access repository of research publications
  • 26. Example: Charting our offering Showing basic charts generated from the answers to SPARQL queries The only effort required is coming up with the
  • 27. Lean-back OU podcast channel on Google TV (IT services)
  • 28. More on using the users… Obviously: Won’t be convinced by technological blabla Show examples of what it can do! (BTW we have a problem here…) More importantly: ask them what they would like to do. We asked: communication services, library people, student services, marketing services, faculties… (they are very creative) A typical email of my inbox (inspired by a true story): Hi Mathieu, Stuart told me that your linked data thing might help with the problem Laura had with Guy’s system. Can we have a chat? Tx, Ben.
  • 29. The OU’s presence in the media (Media relations) Academics in “Arts and Topics most commonly Humanities” most often involved mentioned by news outlets with the media (in number of news own by the BBC (in number items) of news items)

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