1. Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy Resources
With Your Hosts,
Gabriel The Studd
Echeverria
Amd
Riley Tree Loving

2. Why Is Energy Efficiency an
Important Energy Resource?
• Here in the U.S, we could be saving as
much as 43% of all the energy we use by
improving energy efficiency.
– Five widely used devices that waste energy:
• Incandescent light bulb – 5% efficient
• Fluorescent bulb - 20% efficient
• Motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine –
27 mpg on average
• Nuclear power plant
• Coal-fired power plant

3. Net Energy Efficiency
• Net energy efficiency
Net Energy Gain (NEG) is a concept used
in energy economics that refers to the
difference between the energy expended to
harvest an energy source and the amount of
energy gained from that harvest.

4. Comparison of the Net Energy
Efficiency for Two Types of Space
Heating

5. We Can Save Energy and Money
in Industry.
• Combined Heat and Power System:
– n such a system, two useful forms of energy
(such as steam and electricity) are produced
from the same fuel source.
• Cogeneration:
– Production of two useful forms of energy,
such as high-temperature heat or steam and
electricity, from the same fuel source.

6. • Replace energy-wasting electric motors
• Recycling materials
• Switch from low-efficiency incandescent
lighting to higher-efficiency fluorescent
and LED lighting

7. Energy Efficient Cars
• Superefficient and ultralight cars
• Gasoline-electric hybrid car
• Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

8. Ethanol
• Ethanol converted to gasohol
• United States: ethanol from corn
– Reduce the need for oil imports
– Slow global warming
– Reduce air pollution

9. Energy Efficient Buildings Methods
• Green architecture
• Living or green roofs
• Straw bale houses
A Green or Living Roof in Chicago, IL (U.S.)

10. We Can Save Energy and Money
in Existing Buildings
• Heat water more efficiently
• Use energy-efficient appliances
• Use energy-efficient lighting

11. Attic Outside
• Hang reflective foil near Plant deciduous trees to
roof to reflect heat. block summer sun and let
• Use house fan. in winter sunlight.
• Be sure attic insulation is
at least 30 centimeters
(12 inches).
Bathroom
• Install water-saving
toilets, faucets, and Other rooms
shower heads. • Use compact fluorescent
• Repair water leaks lightbulbs or LEDs and avoid
promptly. using incandescent bulbs
wherever possible.
Kitchen • Turn off lights, computers, TV,
• Use microwave rather and other electronic devices
than stove or oven as much when they are not in use.
as possible. • Use high efficiency windows;
• Run only full loads in use insulating window covers
dishwasher and use low- or and close them at night and
no-heat drying. on sunny, hot days.
• Clean refrigerator coils • Set thermostat as low as you
regularly. can in winter and as high as
you can in summer.
• Weather-strip and caulk doors,
Basement or utility room
windows, light fixtures, and
• Use front-loading clothes washer. If possible run only full loads with
wall sockets.
warm or cold water.
• Keep heating and cooling
• Hang clothes on racks for drying.
vents free of obstructions.
• Run only full loads in clothes dryer and use lower heat setting.
• Keep fireplace damper closed
• Set water heater at 140° if dishwasher is used and 120° or lower if
when not in use.
no dishwasher is used.
• Use fans instead of, or along
• Use water heater thermal blanket.
with, air conditioning.
• Insulate exposed hot water pipes.
• Regularly clean or replace furnace filters.
Fig. 16-9, p. 409

12. Solutions: Passive and Active Solar
Heating for a Home
• Active: System that uses solar collectors to capture energy from the
sun and store it as heat for space heating and water heating.
• Passive: System that, without the use of mechanical devices,
captures sunlight directly within a structure and converts it into low-
temperature heat for space heating or for heating water for domestic
use.

13. Solar Energy
• Energy derived from the sun in the form of solar
radiation.
• Photovoltaic Cell: Device that converts radiant (solar)
energy directly into electrical energy. Also called a solar cell.
• Solar Collector: Device for
collecting radiant energy from the sun
and converting it into heat.

14. Wind Energy
• Wind Power.
– Captured by turbines
– Converted into electrical energy
• Second fastest-growing source of energy
• Wind farms: Cluster of wind turbines in a windy area on land or at
sea, built to capture wind energy and convert it into electrical energy

15. Wind Energy Is Booming but
Still Faces Challenges
• Advantages
– Environmentally friendly energy
– Efficient
– Free (Once you finish paying off the turbine)
• Drawbacks
– Windy areas may be sparsely populated
– Winds die down; need back-up energy
– Storage of wind energy
– Kills migratory birds

16. The most efficient solution to
being more efficient is
Decentralized Power System

17. Questions
• The most common form of renewable energy used by
citizens of developing countries is?
– Solar
– Coal
– Wind
– Biomass
– Geothermal
• Which island produces most of its energy from
geothermal and hydroelectric sources?
– Hawaii
– Iceland
– Madagascar
– Japan
– New Zealand

18. a) Ultraviolet
b) Infrared
c) Visible
d) X-rays
e) Microwaves
• The type of radiation with the least energy?
– E, microwaves
• The type of radiation with the most energy?
– D, X-rays

19. • Biomass can be: I. solar energy converted to chemical
energy. II. Derived from living or recently living
organisms. III. Energy available for trophic levels.
– I only
– II only
– III only
– I and II only
– I, II, and III
• Some coal burning and nuclear power plants utilize the
production of both steam and electricity from one fuel
source. This process is known as?
– Cogeneration
– Internal combustion
– Electric resistance heating
– Fuel cells
– Green architecture

20. • A switch from dependency from coal burning, used to
generate electricity, to wind and solar energy would help
alleviate all of the following EXCEPT
– Carbon dioxide emissions
– Mercury entering aquatic ecosystems
– Industrial-based smog
– Acid rain
– Loss of stratospheric zone
• Which of the following countries relies on geothermal
energy to provide a large portion of its energy?
– Iceland
– Canada
– India
– Spain
– Ireland

21. • Increasing in use in developing countries are large,
reflective, parabolic dishes that are used to heat food
and water. These solar cookers are a example of
– Active solar heating
– Solar cell energy
– Passive solar heating
– PV Cells (photovoltaic)
– heliostats
• Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with
electrical production from hydroelectric dams?
– Flooding of terrestrial lands that destroy or fragments wildlife
habitats
– Displacement of people along overpopulated waterway areas
– Reduction of silt downstream from the dam
– Interruption of migratory patterns of some fish species
– Large output of thermal pollution from producing electricity.

22. • Hydroelectric power plants supple approximately 20% of the
worlds electrical energy, and once they are built, these
facilities provide energy that is virtually free. However,
hydropower requires the construction of dams and water
storage reservoirs that are expensive and dangerous to build.
a. Identify and describe the series of energy transformations
(conversions) that are used to generate electricity in a
hydroelectric power plant.
b. Explain why the energy provided by existing hydropower dams
is virtually free.
c. Identify ONE species whose numbers have diminished as the
result of a hydropower project and describe how the project led
to the decline in their population.
d. Indentify ONE infectious desease that could spread more
rapidly among people as a result of a hydropower project and
explain how the project could lead to an increase in the spread
of disease.
e. Hydroelectric dams have a limited life time. Describe 2 natural
processes that could lead to the end of the effective lifetime of
a hydroelectric damn.