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Academic referencing harvard style of referencing-
1.
Academic Referencing Harvard Style
of Referencing Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
2.
Aim To introduce learners
to the principles of the Harvard style of referencing, and its significance in writing assignments for higher education (college and university) studies Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
3.
Objectives At the end
of this session learners will be able to: Define academic words like citation and references Describe the importance of referencing in academic writing Cite and reference the different types of academic sources Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
4.
What is Referencing? Referencing
means acknowledging your source: in the body of your work (in-text reference or citation) AND linking your citations to your list of works cited (reference list) or bibliography. (Neville, 2012). Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
5.
Citation and References Citation
is the mention of the source’s author(s) in the text or body of the assignment. It comprises of the author’s surname and year of publication References are a list of all sources you used for writing your assignment and is placed after the conclusion of your assignment. References contains the full information of their source. Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
6.
Why do Referencing? It
demonstrates that you have undertaken research to find out what other authors have done in the similar topic areas. Referencing makes your work more convincing to the readers as it allows them to track down the sources you used to get more information. Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
7.
Why do Referencing
Cont.? Referencing is a good academic practice as it allows you to give credit to other researchers and acknowledge their ideas. To avoid being accused of plagiarism Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
8.
When do You
Need Referencing? When you take any information from other sources, you must acknowledge them. What do you need to do if it is your own idea? Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
9.
Answer… If it is
your own idea, then you are not expected to put any reference for your original idea. However, if you are making a critique of other authors' ideas, then you must include a reference for those particular ideas. Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
10.
Academic Referencing Styles There
are many referencing styles such as: American Psychological Association (APA), Modern Language Association (MLA), American Medical Association (AMA), The Harvard referencing style etc. You have to follow the referencing style recommended by your institution Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
11.
What are Academic
Sources? While writing your assignment, you will come across many academic sources that will help you to develop your argument and logic. Academic sources (such as books and journals) serve as evidence to support your claims. Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
12.
Finding Suitable Academic
Sources Library resources (library catalogue) Online resources (reliable) Google scholar Oxford Press Business Source Premier ProQuest EBSCO host Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
13.
Acknowledging Sources There are
two ways to do that: Paraphrase and citation Adams (2017) claims that academic integrity has both individual and institutional perspectives Quotation and citation According to Adams: “The point is that emphasis is often laid on individual level plagiarism but institutional dimension is largely overlooked…” (Adams, 2017: 91) Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
14.
How Many Sources
do You Need for Your Assignment? There is no specific limit to the amount of sources you need to include in your assignment. However, it is always better to support your claim by using the correct references Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
15.
Online Referencing Generator You
can use Microsoft (MS) Word referencing function, or downloadable softwares like Mendeley, Endnote etc. Also Google scholar, Ebsco, Business source premier, ProQuest, Regional Business Premier etc. are useful tools for generating bibliographies or references. However, you should endeavour to know how to manually do referencing without using any of the online reference generators Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
16.
Formats of Citing
in the Text Citing – a means of referring, within your text, to the sources from which you have obtained information. One author: Johnson (2019) (Johnson, 2019). More than two authors: Jacky et al. (2018) (Jacky et al., 2018). Two authors: Jimmy and John (2017) (Jimmy and John, 2017). Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
17.
Example of Citation
in a Text Examples for citing one author: 1. Robert (2019) ascertains that the ethos of the student environment does have an impact on student achievement. 2. It is reported that the ethos of the student environment does have an impact on student achievement (Robert 2019). Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
18.
Example of Citation
in aText Cont. Examples for citing two authors: 1. Recent research indicates that the number of duplicate papers being published is increasing (Javi and Gary, 2017). 2. The recent research of Javi and Gary (2017) indicates that the number of duplicate papers being published is increasing. Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
19.
Example of Citation
in a Text Cont. Example for citing more than two authors: 1. Evidence shows that providing virtual laboratory exercises, as well as practical laboratory experience, enhances the learning process (Smith et al., 2016). 2. Smith et al. (2016) shows evidence that providing virtual laboratory exercises, as well as practical laboratory experience enhances, the learning process Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
20.
Citing Quotations If you
record a particular quotation then you also need to identify the page numbers. These appear after the date within the brackets. Use p. for page and pp. for pages. Brief quotations should be set in single inverted commas. E.g. ‘These testing times provide periods for reflection and permit time for new things to be learned, mastered and brought to fruition.’ (Don, 2015, pp. 122-123). Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
21.
Referencing a Book Include
the following details in this order: 1. Author(s), 2. Date of publication in brackets: This is always the year of the edition; Ignore any reprint dates; If in doubt use the ‘copyright’ date. 3. Title and sub-title (if any) separated by a colon 4. Edition if not the first E.g. ed. 5. Place of publication, if known. 6. Publisher Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
22.
Examples of Referencing
Books 1. Jerry, R. (2015) The Research Project: how to write it. 4th ed. London: Routledge 2. Jerry, R. and Marcus, L. (2015) The Research Project: how to write it. 4th ed. London: Routledge Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
23.
Referencing Journal Articles When
referencing journals, you need to include the following information in this order: 1. Author(s) of the article. 2. Year of publication in brackets. 3. Title of the article. 4. Title of the journal, 5. Volume and part number, month or season of the year for a journal 6. Page number(s) of article. Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
24.
Examples of Referencing
Journal Articles 1. Evelyn, P. (2017) Textile resources on the Internet, Textiles, vol. 24 (4) pp. 6-11 2. Khan, M. & Anan, F. (2014) Developing SME managers under fire: negotiating obstacles and weaknesses in Palestine, Journal of Management Development, 23 (5), pp. 479-495, 3. In cases where there are more than two authors, you will need to list all the authors following the structure described above and to include other elements, following the same structure. Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
25.
Referencing a Website Website: Include
the following details in this order: 1. The author(s) of the article or the name of the website 2. Year of publication of (in round brackets) or the date the website was last updated 3. Title of the article 4. Online [in square brackets] 5. Available at: URL 6. (Accessed: date) Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
26.
Example of Referencing
a Website Shella, D. and Holza, M. E. (2015) The zen of CSS design: visual enlightenment for the web, [Online]. Available at: http://proquestcombo.safaribooksonline.com/0321303474/ch01 lev2sec4 (Accessed: 18 April 2019). Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
27.
Referencing a Newspaper Include
the following details in this order: 1. Author(s) of the article. 2. Year of publication in brackets. 3. Title of the article. 4. Title of the newspaper, 5 Date of publication of the newspaper. 6. Page number(s) of article. Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
28.
Example of Referencing
Newspaper Articles Katy, P. (2018) Learners are born, says report. Times Higher Education Supplement, 16th January, p.5 Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
29.
List Your References Alphabetically All
your references should be included at the end of your work in alphabetical order, by surname. Students are expected to use this method of referencing for ALL of their work, so it is important that you get this right. Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
30.
Recommended Reading Bailey, S.
(2015). The essentials of academic writing for international students. Routledge. Neville, C. (2012). Referencing: principles, practice and problems. RGUHS J Pharm Sci, 2(2), pp.1-8. Cottrell, S. (2019). The study skills handbook. Macmillan International Higher Education. Copyright © 2021 Talent & Skills HuB
31.
Further Support At Talent
and Skills Hub, you can be supported by our instructors, academic advisors and mentors for academic referencing. You can book appointment for one-to-one or group tutoring through our appointment booking page.