Maker Conference 2016 발표자료 입니다. 일시: 2016년 6월 17일, 금요일

1. Open Innovation by Makers
Opportunities and challenges
of Open innovation in an era of
the maker movement
Maker Conference Seoul 2016
PhD in Media Design
Professor, Institute of Advanced Media Arts and Sciences [IAMAS]
Shigeru Kobayashi
Photo by SparkFun Electronics (CC: BY-NC-SA 3.0)

2. 写真撮影：萩原健一

3. Introduction
“Open Innovation” by Makers
In last November, we held MakerCon Tokyo 2015 on the subject of “Open Innovation” by Makers. I
was the program chair and invited progressive Makers to ask them introducing their projects and
discuss about opportunities and challenges. Through the discussion, we extracted four patterns.
First one is ‘Open API’, open a factory to makers by adding an API. For example, a fabric printing
printing company started a printing service called HappyFabric. With HappyFabric, makers who
want to buy unique fabric can order from 1 meter. Moreover, creators can register patterns to the
service and get royalties from the use of patterns.
Second one is ‘Open Clubroom’, create a maker-space open for internal and external as a hub. For
example, Sony, a manufacturer of electric appliances, created a maker-space named Sony-Creative
Lounge on the first floor of their headquarter. They have been utilizing the space for an internal
acceleration program for prototyping and creating a Maker community around the company.

4. Third one is ‘Open Channel’, opening a channel to let Makers manufacture diversified products at
low volume. For example, the Japanese arm of Macnica Group launched Mpression, a new bland
for Makers, in 2014. In addition to the day-to-day technical support, Mpression provided evaluation
kits of latest sensors, actuators and processor. Moreover, they launched a manufacturing support
service for Makers by an alliance with a manufacturer of electric appliances.
Fourth one is ‘Open Source’, making hardware open source to realize things that can not possible
by a company alone. For example, exiii, a hardware startup trying to deploy accessible myoelectric
hands, open sourced their product and promoted around the globe and is developing a community
by open sourcing, which was not possible through startup alone.
Case 1
exiii | HACKberry
I’ll talk about the case.

5. Maker Conference Seoul 2016 | Shigeru Kobayashi
Who are exiii?
• Conventional myoelectric hands: extremely expensive,
difficult to repair & customize, few design options
• exiii is a hardware startup trying to deploy accessible
myoelectric hands via: revised manufacturing process, easy
to exchange parts, & personalized design
• exiii raised funds with crowd-funding etc. and is developing
with partner users
14
Maker Conference Seoul 2016 | Shigeru Kobayashi

6. Maker Conference Seoul 2016 | Shigeru Kobayashi
Maker Conference Seoul 2016 | Shigeru Kobayashi
Issues of exiii
• How might a small team with limited resources be able to
handle various demands and facilitate the research,
development, and deployment of prosthetic hands?
• How might we choose a proper license for design data to
keep rights as a company while promoting effective
utilization?
• How might we avoid risks for intellectual properties and
product liabilities while promoting effective utilization of the
data?
Maker Conference Seoul 2016 | Shigeru Kobayashi
Open Source Strategy
• Open sourced on May 25 2015
• 3D data
• Hand substrates data
• Sensor substrates data
• Battery substrates data
• Arduino sketch
• Supported license selection & creation of Terms of Use in
collaboration with a lawyer

7. 出典：http://exiii-hackberry.com/
2015年5月25日に公開されたウェブサイト
19
Maker Conference Seoul 2016 | Shigeru Kobayashi
Terms of Use (Abstract)
• To promote research development & spread of artificial
arms by releasing the source codes, data, etc., and
licensing the company’s invention to all users
• Shall not use for the following purposes
• Military purpose
• Purposes violating public order or morality
• Purpose of defamation or discreditation
• Clarify rights of the company
tributors_Share

8. https://youtu.be/mApetEZCkpI
https://youtu.be/vIDVdEOcVR8
Maker Conference Seoul 2016 | Shigeru Kobayashi
Possibilities and Issues
• Promoted around the globe and is developing a community
by open sourcing, which was not possible through startup
alone
• However, has yet to establish a sustainable business model
utilizing open sourcing
• Things like this was not possible in the 20th century. Yes, we
are living in the 21st century!

9. Case 2
Core Booster Project | Hikarimasu
1000km
By Lincun (国土交通省 国土数値情報(行政区域)) [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Tokyo
Gifu
Gifu is located in the center of Japan. There are traditional industries such as wood-working, paper-
making and agriculture, as well as manufacturing, which includes aerospace and automotive, with
industrial complexes extending from the Nagoya area. A wealth of small component manufacturing
can also be found, such as precision machine, dye and mold making, and plastic forming.
This is an example of a traditional product in the wood-working industry. For over 1,300 years, the
Masu has played an important role in Japanese tradition. Originally a measuring cup for foods such
as rice and soy sauce, the Masu was used to measure rice when it was used as a form of currency.
More recently, the Masu has become widely acknowledged as a vessel for serving Sake, as well as
a symbol of good luck.

10. 1996
Center Building
1996
IAMAS (Academy)
2000
Dream Core
1998
Annex
2002
Workshop 24
2001
IAMAS (Grad. school)
Softopia Japan Project
In addition to various manufacturing industries, there are information industries accumulated by the
Softopia Japan Project. As a part of the project, two bases were created in 1996; ¶Softopia Japan,
which is a hub for the development, promotion, and accumulation of information industries; ¶and
IAMAS, which is a base to train advanced IT experts. After that, the project expanded bases and
has been running incubation programs for information industries.
2009
GIFU Smartphone
Project
For example, there is the GIFU Smartphone Project. This project utilized the incubation base and
executed education programs to educate developers for application development. As a result of the
project, over 300 developers have been educated. As a series of the incubation project, we
designed and executed the Core-Booster Project.
The Pipeline of the Core-Booster Project
Observation Concept
Concept
Prototype
Define
customers
DFM
Crowd
funding
Local
industries
Information
industries
Call for
participants
Team
building
Findings in digital fabrication
Findings in design process
Findings in innovation management
A local government
A facilitator team
1st stage 2nd stage
¶The Core-Booster Project is a local government initiated cross-industry innovation project. ¶A
local government initiates a project by asking a facilitator team. ¶The first stage starts with a call for
participants from local industries and information industries who have diversified skills, viewpoints
and experiences. ¶Then the facilitator team builds teams, ¶lets participants observe people to
generate ideas, ¶develops ideas and integrates those ideas as concepts. ¶Then the participants
utilize digital fabrication to create concept prototypes. ¶The second stage starts with customer
definition by exhibiting the concept prototype at various exhibitions. Once they have finished
defining customers and decided to turn the concept prototype into a commercial reality, ¶the team
does design for manufacturing. ¶In the end, the team tries a crowd funding project to create
customers. These are all processes of the pipeline.

11. 1st Stage
Observation
Team
building
Concept
prototype
Concept
2013.9.9~
Interviews
Collected information
about their skills, roles
and stakes
~2013.9.17
Compose teams
Composed 5 teams out
of 26 people
2013.8.28~
Briefings
Introduced the status
of IoT and the rules and
pipeline of the project
Roles of participants
• Project manager
• Software/hardware
developer
• Manufacturer
• Designer
• Consumer
In 2013, we held the first project with IoT devices as the theme. First, we held a few briefings and
called for participants from local industries and information industries. We defined five roles for
participants; project managers, software/hardware developers, manufacturers, designers and
consumers. We then interviewed all people interested in signing up, and collected information about
their skills, roles and stakes. After that, the facilitator team composed 5 teams out of 26 people.
1st Stage
Observation
Team
building
Concept
prototype
Concept
A digital fabrication
workshop with a laser
cutter and 3D printers
An idea sketching
session to build a solid
team of people
Another workshop to
introduce toolkits to
sketch ideas in hardware
Participants arranged
their schedules to
observe people
Date: Name://
ステップ / Step モード / Mode 所要時間 / Time Needed
濃い記述
Thick Description
日付 / Date
場所 / Place
誰と / Who
（続きはウラへ）
4
経験の拡大 振り返り 1-2 h
現場調査が終わったその日のうちに
うちにできるだけ詳しく書出すことで、
拡大した経験を定着できる。
ラップアップはあくまで見てきたまま、
五感を総動員して感じたままを詳しく書く。
自分たちの評価や分析、アイデアは一切
含めない。
箇条書きのレポートは絶対にダメ。
ラップアップは誰かに報告するもので
はなく、自分たちの経験を共有し、定着
させるもの。
分析はこの後で行う。記憶が新鮮なうち
に、とにかく詳しく書き出していこう。
これをやるとどうなるか 1. 評価やアイデアは含めない
次のステップでは、これを元にして 5 つ
の視点で詳しく分析していく。
このシートの両面がぎっちり埋まり、
さらにはみだすくらいの量が必要だ。
どんどん書こう。
2. できるだけ詳しく
通常業務が忙しいと、ついつい分業して
後で集めよう、と思ってしまいがちだ。
今回は必ずみんなで一緒に作業しよう。
3. 分業しない
メモ以外に記録した写真やビデオがある
ととても作業がやりやすい。
デジカメ本体で見返したりしながら進め
よう。データは、メンバー間で共有して、
いつでもアクセスできるようにしよう。
4. 写真なども活用しよう
心にとどめておくこと
Date: Name://
ステップ / Step モード / Mode 所要時間 / Time Needed
現場調査の計画
Fieldwork Plan
現場調査の目的 / The Purpose of the Fieldwork
現場調査の師匠 / Fieldwork Master
チェックシート / Checksheet
現場調査のプラン / Fieldwork Plan
いつ？ / When
どこに？ / Where
どのくらい？ / Duration
どのように？ / How
3
アポイントメントの最終確認（前日）
相手先の地図と経路の確認
調査の目的などを説明するメモ
メモ用紙と筆記用具
カメラ
ボイスレコーダ
集中できるように他の業務を整理
チームメンバーの連絡先を共有
身近な人に頼んで 15 分程度の練習
ラップアップの時間と場所の確保
現場調査を行うための準備を完了できる。 ここでは調査協力者を「師匠」と呼ぶ。それ
は、自分たちに無い経験やスキルを持つ
人々から学ぶという姿勢を示すためだ。
限られた時間で濃い取材をするためには、
お互いの信頼関係が不可欠だ。知人から紹
介してもらうと効果的だろう。
また、自分たちの調査の目的を最初に伝え、
相手にとっても調査に協力することでメリ
ットがあることを伝えよう。
初めてのことに出会うと、数多くの素朴な疑
問が心に浮かび、経験が拡大される。
現場調査は一期一会だ。
一度しかないチャンスを逃さないよう、準備
は万端にしよう。
そして、必ずチーム全員で行こう。
「誰か」がまとめた報告書を読むだけでは、
自分の経験は拡大されない。
これをやるとどうなるか 1. 師匠を決めよう
必ずチーム全員で出かけ、師匠の動きを見
つつ、各自で逐一メモを取ろう。気になった
ことがあれば、邪魔にならない限り、すぐに
質問しよう。できれば、許可をもらってカメ
ラなどでも記録しよう。
2. 詳しく記録しよう
きれいにまとめよう、いい発見をしようとい
う「スイッチ」はオフにして、ひたすら、見たま
ま感じたままを記録していこう。
3. スイッチはオフ
心にとどめておくこと
準備 計画 15‒30 min
After attending an optional digital fabrication workshop with a laser cutter and 3D printers, all
participants met in a team, introduced themselves, defined design challenges and held an idea
sketching session to build a solid team of people from divergent backgrounds. Then we held
another workshop to introduce toolkits to sketch ideas in hardware. After that, we gave a lecture on
observation and participants arranged their schedules to observe people.
写真撮影：大内孝子
Project
management
Photo/CG
Manufac-
turing
Prototyping
Members of the team are as follows; an artisan and a business manager of a manufacturer of Masu,
a project manager and a software developer of an IT service company, and a photographer of a
printing company and so on.

12. 1st Stage
Observation
Team
building
Concept
prototype
Concept
A member of the team
got an idea for a
twinkling Masu
He sketched his idea in
hardware
Tried various ways to
make it shine and
sense
Created the concept of
Hikarimasu
On one meeting day, a member of the team got an idea for a twinkling Masu and introduced it in a
discussion, but the other members didn’t understand his idea at first. So he sketched his idea in
hardware with a Masu found at his home, drilled holes and put in light bulbs, and brought it to the
next meeting. The other team members were moved by the hardware sketch, and they tried various
ways to make it shine and sense, and created the concept of Hikarimasu; a Masu with a sensor and
LEDs that provides added color to a drinking experience by glowing when tilted.
1st Stage
Observation
Team
building
Concept
prototype
Concept
Designed a structure
composed of two parts
Designed a circuit
board quickly by
deriving it from Arduino
Manufactured a
shading plate with a 3D
printer
Realized a concept
prototype in just three
months
Then the team tried to find a way to realize the concept as a concept prototype. First, they
contemplated a structure to let users wash and exchange the battery, and designed a structure
composed of two parts, one part for Sake and another as a compartment for electronic
components. The two parts are separated by a thin plate made with Japanese cypress for the
transmission of light and are stuck together with magnets. They also designed a circuit board in a
short amount of time by deriving it from an open source hardware, and manufactured a shading
plate with a 3D printer. As a result, they were able to realize a concept prototype in just three
months after their first meeting.
This is the concept prototype of Hikarimasu which was unveiled at a press event that was covered
by local newspapers and TV programs several times.

13. 2nd Stage
DFM
Define
customers
Crowd
funding
http://monoist.atmarkit.co.jp/mn/articles/1410/09/news117.html
Participated in several exhibitions and
define customers
With the concept prototype, the team participated in several exhibitions and defined customers in
bridal and promotional fields in addition to personal fans of Sake.
2nd Stage
DFM
Define
customers
Crowd
funding
Changed the structure
to realize an almost
identical exterior in
comparison to normal
Masu
Established a way to
manufacture the
shading plate
＋
Found a manufacturing
partner for the
electronic circuit board
＋
Eliminated the parting
line by changing the
material of the thin
plate and the method
of fixation
＋
The team decided to turn the concept prototype into a commercial reality, and did design for
manufacturing. There were several issues present in translating the concept prototype into an actual
product, but they rolled out all issues by collaborating together and finding additional collaborators.
2nd Stage
DFM
Define
customers
Crowd
funding
The team tried crowd funding with Makuake, a major crowd funding service in Japan, at the Star
Festival this year.

14. 2nd Stage
DFM
Define
customers
Crowd
funding
The team tried crowd funding with Makuake, a major crowd funding service in Japan, at the Star
Festival this year.
2nd Stage
DFM
Define
customers
Crowd
funding
About three months later, the crowd funding project succeeded and the team has shipped the
product by the end of February this year as promised. The project has been covered by various web
media as a local government initiated cross-industry innovation project.
チーム編成
写真撮影：大内孝子
This was the first small step in this moment. However, the team members now have an experience
with creating innovation. I hope that these innovators will try again and create further innovations in
the near future.

15. Local
Innovators
Suc-
cesses
Local bank
supports
flow in flow
in
flow
in
Creative people
Creative and sustainable
local society
By repeating this process, the number of innovators in an area will increase. If a local bank which
handles personal financial assets and totally knows local companies supports the process, there
will be a solid platform for local innovators who are supported by local people. Once realized,
creative people from outside the local area will want to join, and collaboration between local
industries and creative people will accelerate innovation creation. If successful innovators are
established, they will support successive challengers and an ecosystem that supports innovators
through local people will be created. This is a way to create a sustainable local city in the real sense
of the term. This is the concept of local government initiated cross-industry innovation.
Open Source
Hardware
Digital
Fabrication
Maker
As we have seen in my presentation so far, open source hardware, digital fabrication and maker are
keys for open innovation in an era of the maker movement. Thank you very much for listening.