1. Cybersecurity terms:
threats and cyber
attacks.
The case of Catalan
Marta Grané Franch, TERMCAT

2. Cybersecurity in numbers
2016: every 40 seconds
2021: a cyber attack
worldwide every 11
seconds
Represents 1% of world GDP
2021: global cost of $6
billion annually
79% of companies say that
finding suitable talent in
cybersecurity is "very difficult"
400% increase
in cyber attacks since
the pandemic
Telecom security incidents 2020: Annual report: European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA)
La ciberseguretat a Catalunya: Informe tecnològic 2020: Gencat. ACCIÓ: Agència de Ciberseguretat de Catalunya

3. The sector in Catalonia
361 companies €820,6 M turnover 700 employees
La ciberseguretat a Catalunya: Informe tecnològic 2020: Gencat. ACCIÓ: Agència de Ciberseguretat de Catalunya

4. Terminologia
de la
ciberseguretat
Online dictionary 2016-2021
https://www.termcat.cat/ca/diccionaris
-en-linia/239
400 entries
Catalan, Spanish, French, English
Definitions

5. Exemple:
Terminologia de la ciberseguretat
Online dictionary 2016-2021
https://www.termcat.cat/ca/diccionaris
-en-linia/239

6. Different types
of cybersecurity
terminology

7. Loan translation
amenaça / threat
atac d’autenticació / authentication attack
denegació de servei, DoS / denial-of-service, DoS
criptomoneder / crypto wallet
frau del clic / click fraud
galeta / cookie
internet de les coses / Internet of Things
signatura cega / blind signature
wayhomestudio - www.freepik.com

8. apilament d’anuncis /ad stacking
atac d’abeurador / watering hole attack
balena / whale
cavall de Troia / Trojan horse
memòria cau / cache memory
mineria / mining
ordinador zombi / zombie computer
tallafoc / firewall
tecnologia a l’ombra / shadow IT
web fosc / dark web
web profund / deep web
wirestock - www.freepik.com
Loan translation with metaphor

9. ciberseducció de menors / grooming
criptomineria furtiva / cryptojacking
escolta clandestina / eavesdropping
hipertrucatge / deepfake
reproducció en línia / streaming
estafa de la fortuna, cartes nigerianes /Nigerian scam
www.freepik.com
Catalan alternatives

10. altcoin
bitcoin
hacking
script
sèxting
CAPTCHA
Wi-Fi
Created by pvproductions - www.freepik.com
Loan word, borrowed term
as Catalan alternative

11. assalt de videoconferència / zoombombing
[Intrusion into Zoom videocall technology]
atac Sybil / Sybil attack
[From the book "Sybil", from Flora Rheta Schreiber,
in which the protagonist
suffers from an identity disorder]
Racool_studio - www.freepik.com
Inclusion of proper names

12. atac BlackNurse / BlackNurse attack
[former jobs of the two researchers who discovered the
attack: blacksmith and nurse]
atac meow / Meow attack
[original data is overwritten
with random characters
including "meow"]
8photo - www.freepik.com
No apparent semantic
motivation

13. How do we promote
the use of Catalan
terms?

14. Involvement
of experts and users
Discussion about Catalan alternatives
Consensus on published proposals
Resolution of doubts about concepts
Contact with institutions in the sector
svstudioart - www.freepik.es

15. Dissemination of terminology

16. How are Catalan
terms used?

17. Sociolinguistic
conditions
Creation and use of terminology
in a Catalan social context
with concrete specificities.
English
Creation of terms
In international contexts,
often in English.
Communication between
experts
Media, training ...
Possibility of alternatives
in our own language (Catalan),
to facilitate understanding.
Informative contexts

18. Terms in use

19. Study on use and knowledge
Survey of 39 professionals in the sector
"Do you use the cybersecurity terms
in their English form or in Catalan?"
MORTE, Meritxell. La neologia de la ciberseguretat en llengua catalana [en línia]:
Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Societat Catalana de Terminologia, 2021

20. Some survey results
PROGRAMARI
SOFTWARE
CÒPIA DE SEGURETAT
BACKUP
CORREU BROSSA
JUNK MAIL / SPAM
I know the Catalan form
I use it or I would use it
85% 81% 72%
85% 87% 80%
MORTE, Meritxell. La neologia de la ciberseguretat en llengua catalana [en línia]:
Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Societat Catalana de Terminologia, 2021

21. PROGRAMARI MALICIÓS
MALWARE
WEB FOSC
DARK WEB
CADENA DE BLOCS
BLOCKCHAIN
69%
22% 22%
74% 85%
39%
MORTE, Meritxell. La neologia de la ciberseguretat en llengua catalana [en línia]:
Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Societat Catalana de Terminologia, 2021
I know the Catalan form
i use it or I would use it
Some survey results

22. Factors that favor
implantation
First appearance of Catalan term proposed
compared with English term
Type of term proposed:
literal translations and loans more likely to be used
Previous documentation in texts
Created by 8photo - www.freepik.es
MORTE, Meritxell. La neologia de la ciberseguretat en llengua catalana [en línia]:
Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Societat Catalana de Terminologia, 2021

23. rawpixel.com - www.freepik.es
To sum up...
Identification of a
strategic sector
Detection of
terminological cases
Diffusion of alternatives,
with the involvement of
the sector
Usage evaluation

24. Gràcies / Thanks
martagrane@termcat.cat
www.termcat.cat
twitter.com/termcat | facebook.com/termcat