Architect: Bhattacharya, Anurag Structural Engineer: Dijk, Niels van Envelope Designer: Li, D. Wilton Design Informatics: Steenkamp, Fred Climate Designer: Smidt, Daniel M.

35. Envelope
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft
Solar Panels
Voids & Shadings
· Ground View Perspectives
· The Whole Geometry
· Coverage of
Solar Panels
· Voids for
LIght & Fresh Air
South
Sunlight
3 Approaches:
· Energy Generation
· Natural Lighting and
Ventilation
· Parametric Shaping

36. Envelope
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft
· Steel Columns &
Sun Shading
· Construction Diagram
· Water Draining System
· Transparent
Solar Panels
Beams from Slab
Fixed at the bottom, holded by beams
from slabs, supported by the truss
on the roof.
Water Drain
Guided Water Flow

37. Envelope
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDU
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Detail A
Detail C
· Detail C
Key Image
A
A
· Detail B
· Detail A
· Section A-A · Fragment Elevation
Detail B
Solar Panels
Solar Panels
Water Drain
Water Drain
Floor Levels
to the Truss
to Beams from Slabs
Sunshading

38. Envelope
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft
· General Pattern Direction
· Diffused Gental Light
· Variation of Solar Planel Coverage
E
W
DayLight
· Fresh Air
Attach more solar panels on the east and
west to get more efficiency in the morning
and afternoon.
Sun Angle Direction

39. Climate
Main goal:
Electricity from solar energy
A zero energy building
Optimization:
- High energy generation with PV-cells throughout the day and year
Parameters:
- Orientation
- Slope
- Shade
- Amount (pattern)
- Efficiency
- (Temperature)
Boundaries:
- Small site (reuse old site)
- Fixed orientation (field / grandstand / phasing)
- Capacity + optimal grandstand view
Result:
Total generation 10GWh / year
Total (reduced) consumption ± 13GWh / year (76% covered)
Zero energy* building with 25% effective panels
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft
*) Calculated for Electricity with some assumptions

40. Climate
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft
Rhino
3D Geometry
Excel
data collection / calculation / representation
Grasshopper
optimalization / control / calculation
Geco
bridge
Ecotect
irradiation analysis engine
How?
Generate more sustainable energy
- Smart building shape and PV coverage
Workflow
- Parametric modelling
- Analysing
- Optimizing
Use less energy
- LED lighting (60% more efficient)
Why?
- Sustainable building
- Cut costs
- Up to 30% of budget spent on electricity
- Up to 25% of total energy used is for lighting Source: Master thesis - Energy demand ... in sport stadiums - A. Dietrich & C. Melville - 2011

41. Climate
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft
What happened?
Shape - Roof
- Orientated West South West (-65 degrees from South)
- Optimal roof slope of 9 degrees
Pattern - Facade
- More PV on East and West facade to spread generation
Minor spread effect with East/West PV*
200 Households extra per year
Facade shows the main goal
Slope is very effective
2850 Households
New
-­‐
Total New
-­‐
Façade New
-­‐
Roof Toyo
Ito
-­‐
Taiwain
Area
PV 79803 20387 59416 14155 [m2]
Fill
factor 0.7 0.9 %
Solarpanel
Efficiency
0.20 0.20 0.20 %
Total
energy
generation 10.3 0.7 9.5 1.14 [GWh/year]
Household
energy
consumption 3600 3600 3600 3600 [kWh/year]
Households 2854 203 2651 317 #
Households
per
100m2 3.6 1.0 4.5 2.2 #/100m2

42. Old kuip
New grandstand
and functions
Structural beam
New grandstand
and functions
New part grandstand
Last structural beam
Second structural beam
Final grandstand and
functions

43. h
w
l
d
d
d
d
Variables
- width
- height
- length
- divisions
- sections
Research

44. 2017m steel
1769m steel
Two options

45. 42m
230m
50m
42m
230m
50m
d.l. roof 0,8 kN/m2
l.l. snow 2,1 kN/m2
l.l. wind -1,1 kN/m2
Loadings
open
closed

46. Roof

47. 230m
14m
16m
17m
Trusses

48. Two Challenges
Acoustic Analysis
#1 Good Acoustic properties for Stadium, and Concert Usage
1/3 Musicians report choosing not to play at a venue because of poor Acoustics -
A survey of reverberation times in 50 European venues presenting pop & rock concerts, Niels W. Adelman-Larsen ,
Department of Sound Production, Nordic Institute for Stage and Studio, Oslo, Norway
# 2 Identity for Feyernoord
Design Informatics
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft

49. 35°
# 1 Max Tier Gradient
Maximum Tier Ratio - Due to small site
Sharper Grandstands - Sound more direct to pitch
As loud as a 65000 Seater stadium can be!
#2 More Direct Sound
Higher sound pressure level (dB) good for Atmosphere
- Bad for hearing, sound systems at least 10 dB higher
- Potentially bad for acoustics of concerts, Initial calcu
SPL - 104db, Reverberation of 7.6 seconds
#3 A - symmetrical Grandstand
Sound Dispersion
Excessive noise into neighbourhood
Design Informatics
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft

50. # 4
Sound Distribution
Absorb sound from roof space
Reflect sound inside/during music concerts
Design Informatics
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft

51. 110m
# 5 Pop/Rock Concerts
Good Reverberation time of 0.6s to 1.2 s
Grey Area - Reflective Panels
White - Absorbing Material Panels
Design Informatics
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft

52. a & d b & w
#6 Sin/Cos Wave Concept
a*sin(b*z/y+c)+d*cos(w*z/y+x)
amplitude
frequency
phase
dampening
Design Informatics
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft

53. #7 Evolutionary Algorithm - Galapagos
Grasshopper Plug in + Acoustic Shoot
Optimization of sound distribution inside concert
space
Through annealing process, software attempts to
space sound rays equally.
Design Informatics
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft

54. Construction of Panels - Crimping of
Surface
Baffles, for Absorbing Sound waves
Reflective Surface for Concert Performance
Structural Grid overlay
Individual Panels taken from list in grasshopper
Surface Loft
#8 Panelling
Design Informatics
Anurag Bhattacharya, Daniël Smidt, Niels van Dijk, Wilton Danqing Li, Frederich Steenkamp
XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft

55. Interior Render During Concert Performance
Design Informatics XXL Workshop 2012 - TU Delft