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Model Based Development of 
Distributed Real Time Systems

         Mike Giddings

     Part Time PhD Student
     Part Time PhD Student
     Start:   October 2008
     Probation not complete
Large Distributed 
                  Real Time systems

  Very often large distributed periodic real‐time systems are :‐

• Time consuming to develop.  

• Frequently cost more than estimated

• Frequently overrun.  
Large Distributed   
    Large Distributed
    Real Time systems
    Real Time systems

       Original Performance Analysis

             Fix-it-later
             Fi it l t approach
                              h
Need to analyse performance early to avoid detecting a
performance problem at th end of th project which i
   f            bl     t the d f the     j t hi h is
                 expensive to rectify
Large Distributed 
   Large Distributed
   Real Time systems
System features that have been studied

       Client server systems

       Event driven systems

   Telecommunication systems

  Systems with shared resources
   y

      Concurrent processing
Large Distributed   
      Large Distributed
      Real Time systems
         Process Control Systems


            Open/Closed L
            O   /Cl   d Loop systems
                                t

      Consisting of following system elements

Processing elements, sensors, controls, displays and
         communication system elements
Large Distributed Real 
   Large Distributed Real
Time Process Control systems




    Example System
Graphical Representation of
   Functional Elements
Functional Elements
                       Functional Elements
   Other Functional                     Objects or                              Other Functional 
   Element Diagrams
   El      Di                           attributes
                                            ib                                  Element Diagrams

                                         dataName11
                                                                         dataName6
                                         dataName12      ProcessB                      ABCD1250
           dataName1                                                     dataName7
ABCD1230                                                                               ABCD1250
                                         dataName13
                                                                         dataName8
                                                                                       ABCD1250
           dataName2
ABCD1230

           dataName3      ProcessA
ABCD1231

ABCD1231   dataName4

                                                                         dataName9
           dataName5                                                                   ABCD1251
ABCD1231
                                         dataName14                      dataName10
                                                          ProcessC
                                                                                       ABCD1251
                                         dataName15

                                         dataName16




            Objects or 
            attributes          One or methods which 
                                can be represented by 
                                can be represented by                Objects or 
                                sequence diagram                     attributes
Performance Chains
Iterator Operation
MDA PIM to PSM 
           Translation

(May be UML)
(          )

                           (May be UML)
The Problems
                     The Problems
• Performance failures are discovered at the end of 
  development when they are expensive to resolve.
• Poor traceability between design stages.
• Difficult to analyse performance from UML diagrams.
• Design Notations
   – Allow different views of the system to become disjointed.
   – Are frequently to the wrong level of abstraction.
• Domain specialists require a functional overview without 
  which requirements will be inadequately specified.
  which requirements will be inadequately specified
Good features
               Good features

•   Model real world requirements
•   Understandable by domain experts
•   Model Functionality
•   Model User Interface
•   Easy to formulate the design
•   Manage non functional requirements
•   Calculate/animate performance
Conclusions

• The use of MDA alongside functional model offers the
  possibility of overcoming some of the practical difficulties
  involved in the development of complex distributed iterating
  systems.

• Functional Model enables performance optimisation by
  changing the iteration schedules without changing the
  functionality.
  f    i   li

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Presentation 2010 Final [Compatibility Mode]

  • 1. Model Based Development of  Distributed Real Time Systems Mike Giddings Part Time PhD Student Part Time PhD Student Start:   October 2008 Probation not complete
  • 2. Large Distributed  Real Time systems Very often large distributed periodic real‐time systems are :‐ • Time consuming to develop.   • Frequently cost more than estimated • Frequently overrun.  
  • 3. Large Distributed    Large Distributed Real Time systems Real Time systems Original Performance Analysis Fix-it-later Fi it l t approach h Need to analyse performance early to avoid detecting a performance problem at th end of th project which i f bl t the d f the j t hi h is expensive to rectify
  • 4. Large Distributed  Large Distributed Real Time systems System features that have been studied Client server systems Event driven systems Telecommunication systems Systems with shared resources y Concurrent processing
  • 5. Large Distributed    Large Distributed Real Time systems Process Control Systems Open/Closed L O /Cl d Loop systems t Consisting of following system elements Processing elements, sensors, controls, displays and communication system elements
  • 6. Large Distributed Real  Large Distributed Real Time Process Control systems Example System
  • 7. Graphical Representation of Functional Elements
  • 8. Functional Elements Functional Elements Other Functional  Objects or  Other Functional  Element Diagrams El Di attributes ib Element Diagrams dataName11 dataName6 dataName12 ProcessB ABCD1250 dataName1 dataName7 ABCD1230 ABCD1250 dataName13 dataName8 ABCD1250 dataName2 ABCD1230 dataName3 ProcessA ABCD1231 ABCD1231 dataName4 dataName9 dataName5 ABCD1251 ABCD1231 dataName14 dataName10 ProcessC ABCD1251 dataName15 dataName16 Objects or  attributes One or methods which  can be represented by  can be represented by Objects or  sequence diagram attributes
  • 11. MDA PIM to PSM  Translation (May be UML) ( ) (May be UML)
  • 12. The Problems The Problems • Performance failures are discovered at the end of  development when they are expensive to resolve. • Poor traceability between design stages. • Difficult to analyse performance from UML diagrams. • Design Notations – Allow different views of the system to become disjointed. – Are frequently to the wrong level of abstraction. • Domain specialists require a functional overview without  which requirements will be inadequately specified. which requirements will be inadequately specified
  • 13. Good features Good features • Model real world requirements • Understandable by domain experts • Model Functionality • Model User Interface • Easy to formulate the design • Manage non functional requirements • Calculate/animate performance
  • 14. Conclusions • The use of MDA alongside functional model offers the possibility of overcoming some of the practical difficulties involved in the development of complex distributed iterating systems. • Functional Model enables performance optimisation by changing the iteration schedules without changing the functionality. f i li