1. By
Zaib-Ur-Rehman
Lecturer
Department of Poultry Science
PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

2. Pre–Brooding
 Managemental practices before
brooding or before receiving the chicks
 Purpose
To avoid the stress on the birds
For the sanitation and disinfection
Expose surface to the disinfectant and
fumigants
Remove material that helps in multiplication
of pathogens
To avoid different diseases

3.  Following measures are generally considered
for taking good results
1. Selection of area
2. Cleaning
3. Removal of litter
4. Clean the equipment
5. Dusting/web removal
6. Repairing
7. White Washing
8. Disinfection
9. Fumigation
10. Provision of different materials
11. Equipment testing
12. Arrival of chicks

6. BROODING MANAGEMENT
 Special care and management of baby
chicks until they do not require artificial
heat is called brooding
 Types
1. Colony brooding system
2. Continuous brooding system

7. Brooding
NATURAL ARTIFICIAL

8. MANAGEMENT FACTORS THAT WILL RESULT TO
UNEVENNESS
1. Cold stress during the 1st week
2. Inadequate pre-heating of houses
3. Draughts
4. Low temperature settings on heaters or
inadequate heaters
5. Mixing of DOCs from different DOC sources
(breeds and ages of Parent Stocks)
6. Inadequate litter and/or dampness under the litter

9. MANAGEMENT FACTORS THAT WILL RESULT TO
UNEVENNESS
7. Overcrowding (delayed floor space
expansion)
8. Poor cleaning and disinfection prior to
placement
9. Insufficient equipment to bird ratio and
incorrect positioning of equipments. Place
equipments where the birds are.
10.Feeding mismanagement

10. Colony Brooding System
 In this, individual brooders with the
capacity of 300-400 chicks are placed in
house
 Heat is provided with oil, coal, wood, gas or
electricity
 They are of different types
i Drum type
ii. Coal burning
iii. Wood burning
iv. Electric brooder
v. Gas brooder

11. Continuous Brooding System
 Large numbers of chicks are brooded at a time
in a single house
 Hot water or air heat the brooder room
 Different methods are
1. Hover Method
2. Warm Air Brooding
3. Warm Room Method
4. Warm Pad Brooder
5. Radiant Heat or Heated Floor Brooding
6. Batten Brooding
7. Tier Brooding

12. CORRECT BROODING
MANAGEMENT
1. Clean Environment
2. Pre – Heating = Minimum – 1 hour before chick
placement = 36 to 40 0 C at floor level. Optimum LPG
consumption in tunnel ventilated houses should not
be less than 18 kgs/K birds in 10 – 12 days.
3. Correct Height of Heaters is 3 feet at placement then
raise to 3.5 to 4 feet at 1st expansion.
4. Correct Curtain Management
5. Litter management – To attain adequate thickness,
requirement is ½ bag of rice hulls/square meter. It
must be dry but not dusty. Prevent/minimize
wetness/caking
6. No tunnel ventilation please.

13. DIFFERENT MANAGEMENTAL
PRACTICES DURING BROODING
1. Litter and paper materials
2. Chick Guard
3. Proper floor space
4. Temperature and lighting
5. Ventilation
6. Humidity
7. Sanitation
8. Flushing and supplements
9. Feeding and drinking
10. Broad spectrum Antibiotics
11. Vaccination
12. Debeaking
13. Avoid predators and pilfering
14. Weighing

14. Day 1
Floor Temperature

20. Please Compare which is Better

21. The Aim Of Brooding
 The general concept is to accelerate growth rate in
the first week (TO GAIN 4 TIMES THE INITIAL
CHICK WEIGHT) to enhance structural
development and feed capacity intake.
 Allow good development of internal organs.
 Encourage early uniformity.
 Add to maximize genetic potential.
 To improve overall health of the bird (ALLOW
ABSORPTION OF YOLK WITHIN 3 – 4 DAYS).

22.  Immune system is developing.
 Maternal antibodies in yolk.
 Temperature regulation is not
completely functional.
 Low air temp = low body temp
• Feed conversion is most efficient
7d = less than 0.94
14d = less than 1.27
Brooding Phase (1-14 days)

23. Check Crop Fill
 Check if chick boxes have traces of feeds.
 4 hours after placement, at least 90 % of the
chicks should have feeds and water in their crop
 8 hours after placement, all chicks should have
feeds and water in their crop.
 Crop when felt should not be too hard or too soft, it
should have a doughy feeling.

24. Bad Feeding Practice

25. 2 Day Old
Introduce adult feeders and waterers as early as possible.
These equipments should be placed where the chicks are
Make them as hurdles so that birds can find them easily.

26. Light Intensity
Brooding = 40 lux minimum
Grow – Finish = 20 lux minimum

27. Light Intensity
Brooding = 40 lux minimum
Grow – Finish = 20 lux minimum

28. IDEAL FLOOR SPACE EXPANSION
Conventional housing
AGE Birds/Ft2 Brooding Set Up Per Pen of % Area
(Days) 30 x 30 (900 birds) 36 x 30 (1080 birds) Occupied
1 5 10 x 20 12 x 18 20%
2 - 3 4 10 x 24 12 x 22 25%
4 - 8 2 15 x 30 18 x 30 50%
9 - 14 1.3 25 x 30 27 x 30 75%
15 – 18 1 FULL PEN EXPANSION 100%

29. IDEAL FLOOR SPACE EXPANSION
Floor area of 11,250 Ft2 = 30 x 375 feet
@ 17,000 DOCs = 0.66 birds/ Ft2
AGE Birds/Ft2 Brooding Set Up Per Pen of % Area
(Days) 30 x 30 (1000 birds) Occupied
1 5.3 10 x 20 20%
2 - 3 4.5 10 x 23.5 25%
4 - 7 3 15 x 23.5 50%
8 - 12 1.8 25 x 23.5 75%
13 – 16 1.5 FULL PEN EXPANSION 100%

30. Rearing Management
 Brooding up to sexual maturity of the birds
 The performance of laying birds depends
upon the efficient management during this
critical period, regarding housing, feeding,
watering, temperature, ventilation,
sanitation, lighting and disease control
 Poor quality pullets at maturity will always
perform below breed’s standard of egg
production, egg quality, feed conversion
and size of egg.

31. Housing Management
 Brood Grow House
 Grow Lay House
 Brood Grow Lay House
 Partial Cage Rearing
 Complete Cage Rearing

32. Floor Management
 Litter Floor
 Slat and Litter Floor
 All Salt Floor
Line Floor space/bird ft2 Floor space/bird m2 Birds/m2
Mini type leg-horn
pullets
0.8 0.07 14.3
Leg-Horn egg type
pullets to 18 weeks
1 0.09 11.1
To 22 weeks 1.5 0.14 7.1
Medium size egg
type pullets to 18
weeks
1.2 0.11 9.1
To 22 weeks 1.7 0.16 6.3

33. Feeding
 Nutrition Requirement
 Feeding Method
 Quantitative Restriction
 Qualitative Restriction
 Feeder Height

34. Lighting
 Light intensity as well as duration affects
the age at sexual maturity
 In season
 Out season flocks