1. The Language Of
Medicine
10 edition
th
Davi-Ellen Chabner
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
1

2. Chapter 5
Digestive System
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
2

3. Chapter Goals
• Name the organs of the digestive system and
describe their locations and functions.
• Define combining forms for organs and know
the meaning of related terminology.
• Describe signs, symptoms, and disease
conditions affecting the digestive system.
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
3

4. Chapter 5
Lesson 5.1
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4

5. Introduction
The digestive or gastrointestinal system
performs four main functions:
• ingestion
• digestion
• absorption
• elimination
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5

6. Introduction:
Ingestion and Digestion
• Ingestion—food material taken into mouth
• Digestion—food is broken down, mechanically and
chemically, as it travels through the gastrointestinal
tract.
 Digestive enzymes aid the breakdown of complex nutrients.
•
•
•
Proteins → amino acids
Sugars → glucose
Fats
→ fatty acids or triglycerides
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6

7. Introduction:
Absorption passes into the bloodstream through
• Digested food
Digested food passes into the bloodstream through
lining cells of the small intestine.
• Nutrients travel to all cells of the body.
• Cells burn nutrients to release the energy stored in
food.
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8. Introduction:
Elimination
• The body eliminates solid waste materials that
The body eliminates solid waste materials that
cannot be absorbed into bloodstream.
• The large intestine concentrates feces.
• The wastes pass out of the body through the anus.
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8

9. Organs of the Digestive System
• The gastrointestinal tract begins with the oral
cavity.
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10. Oral Cavity
Major parts of the oral cavity
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11. Oral Cavity (cont’d)
Major parts of the oral cavity
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12. Oral Cavity (cont’d)
Upper permanent teeth within the dental arch
→
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13. Oral Cavity (cont’d)
Upper permanent teeth within the dental arch
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14. Oral Cavity (cont’d)
Anatomy of a tooth
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15. Oral Cavity (cont’d)
Anatomy of a tooth
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16. Oral Cavity (cont’d)
Salivary glands
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17. Pharynx
Deglutition
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18. Pharynx (cont’d)
Deglutition
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19. Esophagus/Stomach
Parts of the stomach
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20. Esophagus/Stomach (cont’d)
Parts of the stomach
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21. The Digestive Tract
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22. The Digestive Tract (cont’d)
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23. Small Intestine
Villi in the lining of the small intestine
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24. Large Intestine
Parts of the large intestine
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25. Large Intestine (cont’d)
Parts of the large intestine
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26. Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
Parts of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
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27. Liver, Gallbladder, and
Pancreas (cont’d)
Parts of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
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27

28. Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
(cont’d)
Besides producing bile, the liver:
• Helps maintain normal blood glucose levels
• Manufactures blood proteins necessary for clotting
• Releases bilirubin, a pigment in bile
• Removes toxins and poisons from the blood
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28

29. QUICK QUIZ:
1. What happens if bilirubin cannot leave the
body and remains in the bloodstream?
A. Gluconeogenesis
B. Emulsification
C. Hyperbilirubinemia
D. Glycogenolysis
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30. Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
The pancreas and its functions
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31. Food Pathway through the GI Tract
Food enters
through the oral
cavity and exits
through the anus
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31

32. Food Pathway through the GI Tract
(cont’d)
Food enters
through the oral
cavity and exits
through the anus
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32

33. QUICK QUIZ:
2. Which term is the first part of the large
intestine?
A. Cecum
B. Duodenum
C. Jejunum
D. Pylorus
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33

34. QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
3. Which term means swallowing?
A. Mastication
B. Deglutition
C. Emulsification
D. Peristalsis
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35. Vocabulary
• absorption
Passage of materials through the walls of
the small intestine into the bloodstream
Small building blocks of proteins;
• amino acids released when proteins are digested
• amylase
• anus
Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and
salivary glands to digest starch
Terminal end or opening of the digestive
tract to the outside of body
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35

36. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• appendix
Blind pouch hanging from the cecum
• bile
Digestive juice made in the liver and stored
in the gallbladder; breaks up large fat
globules; composed of bile pigments,
cholesterol, and bile salts
• bilirubin
• bowel
Pigment released by the liver in bile
Intestine
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36

37. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• canine teeth
• cecum
• colon
• common
bile duct
Pointed, dog-like teeth next to the
incisors; also called cuspids or eyeteeth
First part of the large intestine
Consists of the ascending, transverse,
descending, and sigmoid segments
Carries bile from the liver and
gallbladder to the duodenum; also
called the choledochus
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38. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• defecation
Elimination of feces from the digestive
tract through the anus
• deglutition
Swallowing
• dentin
Primary material found in teeth; covered
by the enamel in the crown and a
protective layer of cementum in the root
• digestion
Breakdown of complex foods to simpler
forms
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39. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• duodenum
First part of the small intestine;
measures 12 inches long
Act of removal of materials from the
body
• elimination
• emulsification
• enamel
Physical process of breaking up large
fat globules into smaller globules
Hard, outermost layer of a tooth
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39

40. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• enzyme
Chemical that speeds up reactions
between substances; enzyme names end
in –ase
• esophagus
Tube connecting the throat to the
stomach
• fatty acids
Substances produced when fats are
digested; a category of lipids
• feces
Solid wastes; stool
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40

41. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• gallbladder
Small sac under the liver; stores
bile
• glucose
Simple sugar
• glycogen
Starch; glucose is stored in the form
of glycogen in liver cells
• hydrochloric acid
Substance produced by the
stomach; necessary for digestion of
food
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41

42. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• ileum
Third part of the small intestine
• incisor
One of four front teeth in the dental arch
• insulin
Hormone produced by endocrine cells of the
pancreas; transports sugar from the blood
into cells and stimulates glycogen formation
by the liver
Second part of the small intestine
• jejunum
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42

43. Vocabulary (cont’d)
Pancreatic enzyme needed to digest
fats
• lipase
• liver
Large organ located in the RUQ of the
abdomen; secretes bile; stores sugar,
iron, and vitamins; produces blood
proteins; destroys worn-out RBCs;
filters out toxins; normal adult liver
weighs about 2 ½ to 3 pounds
• lower esophageal
sphincter (LES)
Ring of muscles between the
esophagus and stomach; cardiac
sphincter
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43

44. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• mastication
Chewing
• molar teeth
Sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from
the middle on either side of the dental
arch
• palate
• pancreas
Roof of the mouth
Organ under the stomach; produces
insulin and enzymes
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44

45. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• papillae (singular:
papilla)
• parotid gland
• peristalsis
Small, nipple-like elevations on the tongue
Salivary gland within the cheek, just
anterior to the ear
Rhythmic contractions of the tubular
organs
• pharynx
Throat, the common passageway for food
from the mouth and for air from the nose
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45

46. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• portal vein
Large vein bringing blood to the liver
from the intestines
• protease
Enzyme that digests protein
• pulp
Soft tissue within a tooth, containing
nerves and blood vessels
• pyloric sphincter
Ring of muscle at the end of the
stomach, near the duodenum; opens
when a wave of peristalsis passes over
it
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47. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• pylorus
Distal region of the stomach, opening to the
duodenum
• rectum
Last section of the large intestine, connecting
the end of the colon and the anus
• rugae
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the
stomach
• saliva
Digestive juice produced by salivary glands;
contains the enzyme amylase
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48. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• salivary glands
Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular
glands
• sigmoid colon
• sphincter
• stomach
Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the
colon, just before the rectum; empties
into the rectum
Circular ring of muscle that constricts a
passage or closes a natural opening
Muscular organ that receives food from
the esophagus
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49. Vocabulary (cont’d)
• triglycerides
Fat molecules composed of three parts
fatty acids and one part glycerol;
subgroup of lipids
Soft tissue hanging from the middle of
the soft palate
• uvula
• villi (singular:
villus)
Microscopic projections in the wall of
the small intestine that absorb
nutrients into the bloodstream
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49

50. Terminology – Combining Forms
Parts of the Body
Combining Form
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
an/o
append/o, appendic/o
bucc/o
cec/o
celi/o
cheil/o
cholecyst/o
choledoch/o
Meaning
anus
appendix
cheek
cecum
belly,abdomen
lip
gallbladder
common bile duct
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51. Terminology – Combining Forms
Parts of the Body (cont’d)
Combining Form
Meaning
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
colon
colon
tooth
duodenum
intestines, usually small intestine
esophagus
face
stomach
gums
col/o
colon/o
dent/i
duoden/o
enter/o
esophag/o
faci/o
gastr/o
gingiv/o
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52. Terminology – Combining Forms
Parts of the Body (cont’d)
Combining Form
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meaning
gloss/o
hepat/o
ile/o
ileum
jejun/o
labi/o
lapar/o
lingu/o
mandibul/o
odont/o
tongue
liver
jejunum
lip
abdomen
tongue
lower jaw, mandible
tooth
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53. Terminology – Combining Forms
Parts of the Body (cont’d)
Combining Form
Meaning
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
mouth
palate
pancreas
peritoneum
throat
anus and rectum
pyloric sphincter
rectum
salivary gland
or/o
palat/o
pancreat/o
peritone/o
pharyng/o
proct/o
pylor/o
rect/o
sialaden/o
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54. Terminology – Combining Forms
Parts of the Body (cont’d)
Combining Form
• sigmoid/o
• stomat/o
• uvul/o
Meaning
sigmoid colon
mouth
uvula
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55. Terminology – Combining Forms
Substances
Combining Form
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meaning
amyl/o
starch
bil/i
gall, bile
bilirubin/o bilirubin (bile pigment)
chol/e
gall or bile
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
gluc/o
sugar
glyc/o
sugar
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56. Terminology – Combining Forms
Substances (cont’d)
Combining Form
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meaning
glycogen/o glycogen, animal starch
lip/o
fat
lith/o
stone
prote/o
protein
py/o
pus
sial/o
saliva, salivary
steat/o
fat
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57. Terminology – Suffixes
Suffix
• -ase
• -chezia
• -iasis
• -prandial
Meaning
enzyme
defecation, elimination of
wastes
abnormal condition
meal
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58. Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Terminology (cont’d)
Three types of anastomoses
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59. QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which term means inflammation of the lip?
A. Cholecystitis
B. Celiac
C. Appendicitis
D. Cheilitis
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60. Chapter 5
Lesson 5.2
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61. Pathology
of the Digestive System
Signs and symptoms
• Anorexia – lack of appetite
• Ascites – abnormal accumulation of fluid in the
abdomen
• Borborygmus (plural: borborygmi) – rumbling or
gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas,
fluid, or both in the GI tract
• Constipation – difficulty in passing stools
• Diarrhea – frequent passage of loose, watery stools
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61

62. Pathology
of the Digestive System (cont’d)
• Dysphagia – difficulty in swallowing
• Eructation – gas expelled from the stomach
through the mouth
• Flatus – gas expelled through the anus
• Hematochezia – passage of fresh, bright red
blood from the rectum
• Jaundice (icterus) – yellow-orange coloration
of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by
high levels of bilirubin in the blood
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63. Pathology
of the Digestive System (cont’d)
• Melena – black, tarry stools; feces containing
digested blood
• Nausea – unpleasant sensation in the stomach
associated with a tendency to vomit
• Steatorrhea – fat in the feces; frothy, foulsmelling fecal matter
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63

64. Pathologic Conditions
Oral Cavity and Teeth
• Aphthous stomatitis – inflammation of the
mouth with small, painful ulcers
• Dental caries – tooth decay
• Herpetic stomatitis – inflammation of the
mouth by infection with the herpes virus
• Oral leukoplakia – white plaques or patches
• Periodontal disease – inflammation and
degeneration of the gums, teeth and
surrounding bone
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65. Pathologic Conditions
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
• Achalasia – failure of the lower esophagus
sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
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66. Pathologic Conditions
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
• Esophageal cancer – malignant tumor of the
esophagus
• Esophageal varices – swollen, varicose veins at
the lower end of the esophagus
• Gastric carcinoma – malignant tumor of the
stomach
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67. Pathologic Conditions
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
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68. Pathologic Conditions
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (cont’d)
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) –
solids and fluids return to the mouth from
the stomach
• Peptic ulcer – open sore or lesion of the
mucous membrane of the stomach or
duodenum
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69. Pathologic Conditions
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (cont’d)
• Hernia – protrusion of an organ or part
through the muscle normally containing it
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70. Pathologic Conditions
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
Small and Large Intestines
• Anal fistula – abnormal tube-like passageway
near the anus
• Colonic polyposis – polyps protrude from the
mucous membrane of the colon
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71. Pathologic Conditions
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
Small and Large Intestines (cont’d)
• Colorectal cancer – adenocarcinoma of the colon
or rectum or both
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72. Pathologic Conditions
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
Small and Large Intestines (cont’d)
• Crohn disease – chronic inflammation of
the intestinal tract
• Diverticulosis – abnormal side pockets
(outpouchings) in the intestinal wall
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73. Pathologic Conditions
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
Small and Large Intestines (cont’d)
• Dysentery – painful, inflamed intestines
• Hemorrhoids – swollen, twisted, varicose veins in
the rectal region
• Ileus – failure of peristalsis with resulting
obstruction of the intestines
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) – inflammation
of the colon and small intestine
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74. Pathologic Conditions
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
Small and Large Intestines (cont’d)
• Intussusception – telescoping of the intestines
• IBS – irritable bowel syndrome – group of
gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress
and tension
• Ulcerative colitis – chronic inflammation of the
colon with the presence of ulcers
• Volvulus – twisting of the intestines on itself
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75. Pathologic Conditions
Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
•
•
•
•
Cirrhosis – chronic degenerative disease of the liver
Pancreatic cancer – malignant tumor of the pancreas
Pancreatitis – inflammation of the pancreas
Viral hepatitis – inflammation of the liver caused by
a virus
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76. Pathologic Conditions
Liver Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont’d)
• Cholelithiasis – gallstones in the gallbladder
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77. Suffixes
Suffix
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meaning
-ectasis, -ectasia __________
-emesis
__________
-pepsia
__________
-phagia
__________
-plasty
__________
-ptysis
__________
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78. Suffixes
Suffix
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meaning
-ectasis, -ectasia dilation, widening
-emesis
vomiting
-pepsia
digestion
-phagia
eating, swallowing
-plasty
surgical repair
-ptysis
spitting
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79. Suffixes (cont’d)
Suffix
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meaning
-rrhage, -rrhagia __________
-rrhaphy
__________
-rrhea
__________
-spasm
__________
-stasis
__________
-stenosis
__________
-tresia
__________
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80. Suffixes (cont’d)
Suffix
Meaning
•
•
•
•
-rrhage, -rrhagia bursting forth (of blood)
-rrhaphy
suture
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-spasm
involuntary contraction
of muscles
• -stasis
stopping; controlling
• -stenosis
narrowing, tightening
• -tresia
opening
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81. Suffixes (cont’d)
• Suffixes that are also used alone as separate
terms:
 Emesis (emetic)
 Spasm
 Stasis
 Stenosis
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82. QUICK QUIZ:
1. Which term means difficulty in swallowing?
A. Dysphasia
B. Dysphagia
C. Dysplasia
D. Polyphagia
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83. QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
2. Which term means to control or stop
bleeding?
A. Hemostasis
B. Hematoma
C. Hemoptysis
D. Cholestasis
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84. Combining Forms
and Terminology
Combining Form
Meaning
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
bucc/o
__________
cec/o
__________
celi/o
__________
cheil/o
__________
chol/e
__________
cholangi/o __________
cholecyst/o
__________
choledoch/o
__________
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85. Combining Forms
and Terminology
Combining Form
Meaning
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
bucc/o
cheek
cec/o
cecum
celi/o
abdomen
cheil/o
lip
chol/e
gall, bile
cholangi/o bile duct (vessel)
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
choledoch/o
common bile duct
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85

86. Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meaning
col/o
__________
colon/o
__________
dent/i
__________
duoden/o __________
enter/o
__________
esophag/o __________
gastr/o
__________
gingiv/o
__________
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87. Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meaning
col/o
colon
colon/o
colon
dent/i
tooth
duoden/o duodenum
enter/o
intestines
esophag/o esophagus
gastr/o
stomach
gingiv/o
gums
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88. Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
gloss/o
gluc/o
glyc/o
hepat/o
herni/o
ile/o
jejun/o
labi/o
Meaning
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
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89. Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form
Meaning
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
tongue
sugar
sugar
liver
hernia
gloss/o
gluc/o
glyc/o
hepat/o
herni/o
ile/o
jejun/o
labi/o
ileum
jejunum
lip
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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90. Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form
Meaning
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
lingu/o
__________
lip/o
__________
lith/o
__________
odont/o
__________
or/o
__________
palat/o
__________
pancreat/o __________
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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91. Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form
Meaning
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
lingu/o
tongue
lip/o
fat
lith/o
stone
odont/o
tooth
or/o
mouth
palat/o
palate
pancreat/o pancreas
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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92. Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form
Meaning
Combining Form
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meaning
proct/o
__________
pylor/o
__________
rect/o
__________
sialaden/o __________
splen/o
__________
steat/o
__________
stomat/o __________
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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93. Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form
Meaning
Combining Form
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meaning
proct/o
anus and rectum
pylor/o
pyloric sphincter
rect/o
rectum
sialaden/o salivary gland
splen/o
spleen
steat/o
fat
stomat/o mouth
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
93

94. QUICK QUIZ:
3. Which term means enlarged liver?
A. Acromegaly
B. Cardiomegaly
C. Hepatomegaly
D. Hepatitis
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
94

95. Laboratory Tests and
Clinical Procedures
• Laboratory tests
 Liver function tests (LFTs): tests for enzymes and
bilirubin in blood
 Stool culture: test for microorganisms in stool
 Stool guaiac test or Hemoccult test: test to detect
blood in feces
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
95

96. QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which of the following tests for the clear
fluid that remains after blood has clotted
(serum)?
A. Stool guaiac
B. Hemoccult
C. Stool culture
D. LFTs
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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97. Laboratory Tests and
Clinical Procedures
• Clinical procedures
 X-rays
• Lower gastrointestinal series
(barium enema)
• Upper gastrointestinal series
• Cholangiography
• Computed tomography (CT scan)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
97

98. Laboratory Tests and
Clinical Procedures (cont’d)
• Clinical procedures
 Ultrasound examination
• Abdominal ultrasonography
• Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)
 Magnetic resonance techniques
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
 Nuclear medicine test
• Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid
scan (HIDA scan)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
98

99. Laboratory Tests and
Clinical Procedures (cont’d)
• Other procedures
Gastric bypass or bariatric surgery: reduces
stomach size
Gastrointestinal endoscopy: visual
examination of the GI tract
Laparoscopy: visual examination of the
abdomen
Liver biopsy: removal of liver tissue for
microscopic examination
Nasogastric intubation: insertion of a tube
through the nose into the stomach
Paracentesis (abdominocentesis): puncture to
remove fluid from abdomen
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
99

100. QUICK QUIZ:
5. Which procedure is a surgical puncture to
remove fluid from the abdomen?
A. Laparoscopy
B. Laparotomy
C. Abdominectomy
D. Abdominocentesis
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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101. Abbreviations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
alk phos
ALT, AST
BE
BM
BRBPR
CD
CT
EGD
ERCP
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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102. Abbreviations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
alk phos
ALT, AST
BE
BM
BRBPR
CD
CT
EGD
ERCP
Alkaline phosphatase
Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase
Barium enema
Bowel movement
Bright red blood per rectum
Celiac disease
Computed tomography
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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103. Abbreviations (cont’d)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
EUS
FOBT
G tube
GB
GERD
GI
HBV
IBD
LAC
LFTs
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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104. Abbreviations (cont’d)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
EUS
FOBT
G tube
GB
GERD
GI
HBV
IBD
LAC
LFTs
Endoscopic ultrasonography
Fecal occult blood test
Gastrostomy tube; also stomach tube, PEG tube
Gallbladder
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastrointestinal
Hepatitis B virus
Inflammatory bowel disease
Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy
Liver function tests
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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105. Abbreviations (cont’d)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MRI
NG tube
NPO
PEG tube
PEJ tube
PTHC
PUD
TPN
T tube
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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106. Abbreviations (cont’d)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MRI
NG tube
NPO
PEG tube
PEJ tube
PTHC
PUD
TPN
T tube
Magnetic resonance imaging
Nasogastric tube
Nothing by mouth
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
Peptic ulcer disease
Total parenteral nutrition
Tube placed in the bile duct for drainage into
a small pouch on the outside of the body
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
106

107. Review Suffixes
-ase
-centesis
-chezia
-ectasia
-ectasis
-ectomy
-emesis
-emia
-genesis
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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108. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
• -ase
• -centesis
fluid
• -chezia
wastes
• -ectasia
expansion
• -ectasis
expansion
• -ectomy
• -emesis
enzyme
surgical puncture to remove
defecation; elimination of
stretching; dilation;
stretching; dilation;
removal; excision; resection
vomiting
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
108

109. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-graphy
-iasis
-lysis
-megaly
-orexia
-pathy
-pepsia
-phagia
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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110. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
• -graphy
• -iasis
• -lysis
• -megaly
• -orexia
• -pathy
• -pepsia
• -phagia
process of recording
abnormal condition
breakdown; separation;
destruction; loosening
enlargement
appetite
disease; emotion
digestion
eating; swallowing
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
110

111. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-prandial
-plasty
-ptosis
-ptysis
-rrhage
-rrhagia
-rrhaphy
-rrhea
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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112. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
-prandial
-plasty
-ptosis
-ptysis
-rrhage
-rrhagia
-rrhaphy
-rrhea
meal
surgical repair
droop; sag; prolapse; fall
spitting
bursting forth (of blood)
bursting forth (of blood)
suture
flow; discharge
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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113. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-scopy
-spasm
-stasis
-stenosis
-stomy
-tomy
-tresia
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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114. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
• -scopy
• -spasm
• -stasis
• -stenosis
• -stomy
mouth)
• -tomy
• -tresia
visual examination
sudden contraction of muscles
stop; control; place
tightening; stricture
new opening (to form a
process of cutting
opening
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114