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Modulation Index & AM Power Signals
MODULATION INDEX ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 2.4  m <  1 ,  under modulation.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 2.5  m =  1 , ideal modulation.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 2.6  m >  1,  over modulated AM
[object Object],Figure 2.7(a) Measuring  m  using max and min value
Figure 2.7(b) Measuring  m  using peak-to-peak value and the form of trapezoidal A B
Example 2.3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Answers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
POWER FOR AM ,[object Object]
AM POWER TRANSMISSION ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],for  m  < 1  ,  P LSB  +  P USB  are even less !!
[object Object],[object Object],Example 2.4
Example 2.5 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example 2.6 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MODULATION BY SEVERAL SINE WAVES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],(4.26)
Example 2.7 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Example 2.8 ,[object Object]
AM Circuits
AM CIRCUITS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Analog Multiplication ,[object Object],[object Object]
Non-Linear Mixing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Continue.. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],a = constant i = av 2
Diode Modulator ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 2.10 Diode modulator Figure 2.11  Waveform in the diode modulator
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Transistor   Modulator
Figure 2.12 Transistor modulator
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Examples of Modulators Figure 2.13 Series Modulator Fig. 2.14  PIN diode modulator
Linear Integrated Circuit AM Modulators ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FIGURE 2.15  XR-2206:  (a) Block diagram; (b) schematic diagram; (c) output voltage-versus-input voltage curve
FIGURE 2.16  Linear integrated-circuit AM modulator
SINGLE SIDEBAND SUPPRESSED CARRIERS
Suppressed Carriers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fig. 2.17 DSB AM in the frequency domain LSB USB f A Suppressed carrier - absent
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DSB-SC
Figure 2.18  DSBSC generation Figure 2.19 Block diagram of balanced modulator
Figure 2.20 (a) The (magnitude) spectrum of a DSB SC AM signal for a sinusoid message signal and (b) its lower and (c) upper sidebands.
Example 2.9 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example 2.10 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 2.21(a) A time-domain display of a DSB SC AM signal (b) A frequency-domain display of a DSB AM signal
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Single Sideband ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 2.22 SSB signal with carrier
Figure 2.23 SSB signal without carrier
Example 2.11 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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