GALGOTIAS
UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF
PHYSIOTHERAPY
TOPIC- CLASSIFICATION OF
MICROORGANISM
SUBJECT – PATHOLOGY
&MICROBIOLOGY
SUBJECT CODE - BPTH2001
• SUBMITTED TO :-
DR. VIKAS SHARMA SIR(PT.)
PRESENTED BY:-
1. SAURABH RAJ
2. RAKHI
3. MOHAMMAD HAMMAD KHAN
4. MUSKAN KUMARI
5. VANDANA YADAV

CONTENT
THREE KINGDOM
CLASSIFICATION
FIVE KINGDOM
CLASSIFICATION
MICRO-ORGANISM
DEFINATION
TYPESOF MICRO-
ORGANISM
CLASSIFICATION OF
MICRO-ORGANISM.
VIRUS, BACTERIA,
PROTOZOA, ALGAE,
FUNGI
SHAPE AND APPEARANCE
SIZE OF VIRUS
MODE OF REPRODUCTION
HABITAT AND NUTRTION
MICROORGANISM CAUSING INFECTION

THREE KINGDOM
CLASSIFICATION
• THREE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION was put
forward by HAECKEL in order to overcome
the limitations of two kingdom
classification.
• HAECKEL then classified the organisms into
3 kingdom I.e.
1. Kingdom animalia
2. Kingdom plantae
3. Kingdom protista (it includes
protozoa,fungi, bacteria and other
microorganism)

FIVE KINGDOM
CLASSIFICATION
The five kingdom classification was proposed by
ROBERT WHITTAKER
He broadly divided the organism into kingdoms on
the basis of str. Of cell, mode of nutrition, source of
nutrition, body organisation and reproduction.
The kingdoms include:-
•Kingdom Monera(bacteria and archae)
•Kingdom Protista( algae and protozoa)
•Kingdom Fungi( fungi)
•Kingdom Plantae ( plants)
•Kingdom Animalia ( animals)

DEFINATION
MICROORGANISMS or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as
unicellular or multicellular.
Microorganisms are widespread in nature and are beneficial to life but
some can cause serious harm.

TYPES OF MICROORGANISM
• MICRO-ORGANISM ARE GROUPED INTO 5 CATEGORIES
VIRUS
BACTERIA
PROTOZOA
ALGAE
FUNGI

CLASSIFICATION
Micro-organism are classified
on the basis of characteristics:-
• SHAPE &APPEARANCE
• SIZE
• HABITAT
• NUTRITION
• METHOD OF REPRODUCTION

VIRUSES

Shape & Appearance
• VIRUSES are the smallest micro-
organism.
• Viruses consists of strands of
nucleic
acid(DNA) which protected by a
protein coat.
• Shapes :-
• HELICAL
• POLYHEDRAL
• SPHERICAL
• COMPLEX

Size of Viruses
• Smallest micro-organism.
• Size is even smaller than
bacteria.

Mode of
Reprduction
Viruses reproduce when it is in contact with
living cells.

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

STEP 4

STEP 5

HABITAT AND NUTRITION
• The cell where the viruses are attached are called as host cells.
• This cell becomes the HABITAT of the viruses.
• Viruses do not make their own food.
• They obtain food from animals, plants and some bacteria.

VIRUS
CAUSING
INFECTION
• RHINOVIRUS – causes common cold
• RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS – causes
infection of both upper respiratory
infection(common cold) and lower
respiratory infection (pnumonia and
bronchiolitis)
• HERPES SIMPLE VIRUS- causes cold sores
• HEPATITIS A- this virus causes liver and
causes hepatitis A
• HIV VIRUS- this leads to AIDS.
• ENTEROVIRUS – causes viral meningitis

BACTERIA

Appearance
• Bacteria are surrounded with tough
CELL WALL- support and maintain the
shape of the cell
• Bacteria have hundred of hairlike
structures called PILLI- enables
bacteria to stick to any surface.
• Bacteria have a TAIL - helps in
locomotion

SHAPE OF BACTERIA
LONG CHAIN(STREPTOCOCCI)
SPIRALROD SHAPEDSPHERICAL
BACILI
BUNCHES OF
GRAPE(STAPHYLOCOCCI)

Nutrition • Bacteria carried out photosynthesis for food
• Some live as parasites
• Some live as saprotrophes

Method of
Reproduction
BY BINARY FISSION

Habitat

BACTERIA
CAUSING
INFECTION
• CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM – life threatening
bacterium that produces powerful neurotoxins.
• E. COLI - this causes diarrheal illness that may be
accompnied by nausea ,vomiting , fever and
abdominal cramps.
• SALMONELLA – causes fever,diarrhoea and
abdominal cramps.
• NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE- causes gonorrhea
and it also inc. The risk of pelvic inflammatory
diseases in women.
• MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS - causes TB.

PROTOZOA

Size &
Appearance
• They are unicellular microscopic
organism
• They have complex internal str. I.e. such
as nuclei containing genetic material
• Size ranges from 5- 250 micrometer.
• It does't have fixed shape
• AMOEBA have pseudopodia – help in
locomotion and engulfing food
• PARAMESIUM have cilia- help in
locomotion and engulfing food

AMOEBA PARAMESIUM

Habitat AMOEBA
• SOIL
• FRESH WATER
• OCEAN
• OTHER ORGANISM AS
PARASITES
PARAMESIUM
• FRESH WATER

Mode of
Reproduction
AMOEBA
• BINARY FISSION
PARAMESIUM
• BINARY FISSION
• CONJUGATION

BINARY
FISSION

CONJUGATION

PROTOZOA CAUSING INFECTION
• CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM- causes cryptosporidiosis(an
intestinal illness).
• ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA- causes amoebiasis which is known as
amoebic dysentery.
• CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS- causes cyclosporiasis
• Protozoas mainly cause GI TRACT infections.

ALGAE

Appearance
• Algae are eukaryotic organism
• They have no roots, stems or leaves but
have chlorophyll
• Algae are multicellular or unicellular

Habitat
• Unicellular algae found in water.
• Algae may occur in moist soil or on the
surface of moist rock and wood.
• Alage live with fungi in lichens.

Nutrition
• Most of the algae are
PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC(prepare their food by
their own with the help of chlorophyll and
sunlight)
• Some of the algae are
CHEMOHETEROTROPHIC( obtain energy
from chemical reactions and nutrients from
preformed organic matter.
• Most species are saprophytes.
• Some are parasites.

Mode of
Reproduction
• Reproduction occurs in both
ASEXUAL and SEXUAL forms.

Asexual
reproduction
• It occurs through the FRAGMENTATION
of colonial and filamentous algae
• It also occur through SPORE FORMATION
(it takes place through mitosis)
• It also takes place through BUDDING

BUDDING FRAGMENTATION SPORE FORMATION

Sexual
Reproduction
• Algae forms differentiated sex cells that
fuse to produce a DIPLOID ZYGOTE.
• The ZYGOTE develops into a sexual
spore which germinates when conditions
are favourable to reproduce and reform the
haploid organism having a single set of
chromosomes.
• This pattern of reproduction is
called ALTERATION OF GENERATION

FUNGI

Appearance
& Size
• The plant body may be unicellular
or filamentous.
• The filament is known as HYPHAE
and its enlarged mass is known
as MYCELIUM.
• There cell wall consists of CHITIN.
• Their diameter is 2-
10micrometer and upto several
centimeters in length.

Habitat
• The fungi is cosmopolitan in distribution
and occur in almost all possible habitats.
• Most of the fungi are terrestial which
grow in soil, on dead and decaying
organic material.
• Some grow on both plants and animals.
• They can also grow on foods like jam,
bread, fruits etc.
• Some are also found in water.
• They are also present in air .

Nutrition
• They are heterotrophics in nature
due to the absense of chlorophyll.
• Some of them
are parasites, saprophytes, symbio
nts

Mode of
Reproduction
• The fungi reproduces by all the three
means:-
1. VEGETATIVE- fragmentation,
budding, fission
2. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION-
zoospores, conidia, oidia,
chlamydospore.
3. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION-
plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis

VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI

ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
IN FUNGI

SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
IN FUNGI

FUNFI
CAUSING
INFECTION
• TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM- it
causes an ATHLETE'S FOOT , is a
fungal infection of foot.
• CANDIDA ALBICANS- this causes
the VAGINAL YEAST
INFECTION in women.
• TRICHOPHYTON- this causes a
contagious fungal infection,
RINGWORM