Understanding Conflict
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What is conflict? Good conflict, bad conflict! What is the process of conflict? Bad conflict styles! #WikiCourses https://wikicourses.wikispaces.com/Topic+Understanding+Conflict
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Understanding Conflict
- 1. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik
- 2. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com “We accuse others, we excuse ourselves” -Unknown
- 3. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com What is a conflict? ●“An expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from others in achieving their goals.” ●Or Simply: “discomforting difference.”
- 4. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Elements of Conflict ●Interdependence
- 5. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Elements of Conflict ●Difference
- 6. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Elements of Conflict ●Opposition
- 7. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Elements of Conflict ●Expression
- 8. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Elements of Conflict ●Emotion
- 9. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com THE TRADITIONAL VIEW OF CONFLICT
- 10. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com THE TRADITIONAL VIEW OF CONFLICT The belief that all conflict is harmful and must be avoided. Conflict was bad and to be avoided
- 11. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com THE TRADITIONAL VIEW OF CONFLICT It was viewed negatively and discussed with such terms as VIOLENCE, DESTRUCTION and IRRATIONALITY to reinforce its negative connotation
- 12. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com THE INTERACTIONIST VIEW OF CONFLICT
- 13. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com THE INTERACTIONIST VIEW OF CONFLICT The belief that conflict is not only a positive force in a group but also an absolute necessity for a group to perform effectively It encourages conflict on the grounds that a harmonious peaceful, tranquil, and cooperative group is prone to becoming, apathetic, and unresponsive to needs for change and innovation.
- 14. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Thus, we have two types of conflict! Functional & Dysfunctional
- 15. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Functional Conflict Conflict that supports the goals of the group and improves its performance
- 16. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Dysfunctional Conflict Conflict that hinders group performance
- 17. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Types of Conflict •Task Conflict •Conflicts over content and goals of the work •Low-to-moderate levels of this type are FUNCTIONAL •Relationship Conflict •Conflict based on interpersonal relationships •Almost always DYSFUNCTIONAL •Process Conflict •Conflict over how work gets done •Low levels of this type are FUNCTIONAL
- 18. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com The Conflict Process
- 19. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Stage I: Potential Opposition or Incompatibility Communication –Semantic difficulties, misunderstandings, over communication and “noise”
- 20. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Stage I: Potential Opposition or Incompatibility Structure –Size and specialization of jobs –Jurisdictional clarity/ambiguity –Member/goal incompatibility –Leadership styles (close or participative) –Reward systems (win-lose) –Dependence/interdependence of groups
- 21. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Stage I: Potential Opposition or Incompatibility Personal Variables –Differing individual value systems –Personality types
- 22. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Stage II: Cognition and Personalization Important stage for two reasons: 1.Conflict is defined 2.Emotions are expressed that have a strong impact on the eventual outcome
- 23. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Stage III: Intentions Intentions –Decisions to act in a given way –Note: behavior does not always accurately reflect intent
- 24. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Stage IV: Behavior Conflict Management –The use of resolution and stimulation techniques to achieve the desired level of conflict
- 25. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Conflict Management Techniques •Conflict Resolution Techniques •Conflict Stimulation Techniques •Bringing in outsiders •Communication •Restructuring the organization •Appointing a devil’s advocate
- 26. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Stage V: Outcomes
- 27. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Functional •Increased group performance •Improved quality of decisions •Stimulation of creativity and innovation •Encouragement of interest and curiosity •Provision of a medium for problem solving •Creation of an environment for self-evaluation and change
- 28. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Dysfunctional •Development of discontent •Reduced group effectiveness •Retarded communication •Reduced group cohesiveness •Infighting among group members overcomes group goals
- 29. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Most conflicts rise on how to reach the goal not on the goal itself
- 30. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Resolution Possibilities
- 31. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Agreement possible Better than walking away BATNA Achieved through compromise “Win win” Meets interests of both parties better than compromise would Achieved through identifying interests, identifying and/or creating value Pareto-optimal Best possible negotiated outcome for both Thompson & Leonardelli “Why Negotiation if the Most Popular Business School Course”
- 32. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com
- 33. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com To reach win-win resolution ... ●Identify common goals
- 34. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com To reach win-win resolution ... Treat conflicts as a challenges that you can work on together to achieve a solution for both.
- 35. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Perhaps our greatest limitation in working toward win-win solutions is that each of us comes to the table with deep-seated ideas about conflict and powerfully ingrained strategies.
- 36. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Conflict does not arise so much from a difference itself but from the perception we have of that difference
- 37. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com To reduce conflict ... Try to see situation from the other person's perspective
- 38. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Almost all of us tend to attribute mistakes or failings on our part to external events
- 39. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com ... but we also tend to attribute the behavior of others to their own character or emotions
- 40. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com We’re really emotional beings who have evolved an ability to reason that helps us deal with our emotions.
- 41. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Remember that emotion is an internal fact; it’s a response to perceptions you are having
- 42. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Being angry is not the same as acting on your anger
- 43. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Power How Much We Need and How to Use It?
- 44. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com What is Power? ●Power can be defined as the ability to cause or influence an outcome.
- 45. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com What is Power? ●Notice the difference between “influence” and “control”!
- 46. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Kinds of Power ●Personal power, such as talents, skills, or knowledge that we may have;
- 47. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Kinds of Power ●Relational power, that is, the power that derives from the nature of the relationship between the parties;
- 48. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Kinds of Power ●Situational power, the conditions in the conflict situation that give power to one party or one issue more than another
- 49. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Five Bases of Power John French and Bertram Raven
- 50. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Reward power
- 51. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Coercive power
- 52. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Legitimate power
- 53. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Referent power
- 54. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Expert power
- 55. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com The important point to remember is that both parties have power in any conflict and that power derives from the interdependence between the two parties in general and the particular situation they are in
- 56. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com For conflict resolution ...
- 57. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com ●You do not need more power!
- 58. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com ●You need sufficient interdependence!!!
- 59. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com The more equal the conflicting parties are in power, the better the chances are of working out a win-win resolution
- 60. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Conflict Styles Thomas and Kilmann
- 61. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Avoidance Accommodation Competition Collaboration Compromise
- 62. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Dysfunctional Conflict Strategies
- 63. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Avoidance
- 64. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Withdrawal
- 65. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Imposition
- 66. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Triangulation
- 67. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Manipulation
- 68. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Absolute framing
- 69. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Revenge
- 70. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com Compromise
- 71. Understanding Conflict Mohammad Tawfik #WikiCourses http://WikiCourses.WikiSpaces.com References 1.The art of Conflict Management, Michael Dues, the teaching Company 2.Negotiation and the Anatomy of Conflict, Victoria Pynchon, J.D., LL.M ADR Services, Inc. Century City, California 3.Negotiation Skills & Conflict Handling, Ziaur Rahman, CEO, IITM 4.Organizational Behavior, Robbins, Judge, and Vohra, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 5.NEGOTIATION: The Art of Getting What You Want, MICHAEL SCHATZKI,