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Peter Morville, Internet Librarian 2013

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Design for Discovery

Search
Patterns
Peter Morville & Jeffery Callender

4
Agenda
Intro to IA
Governance & Culture
Search & Libraries
Cross-Channel (Mobile)
Concepts, Cases, Conversations

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6
What architects do for buildings,
information architects do for…
in•for•ma•tion ar•chi•tec•ture n
The structural design of information systems,
interactive services, and user experiences.
The organization, search, and navigation systems
that help people to complete tasks, find what they
need, and understand what they’ve found.
The fast parts learn, propose, and
absorb shocks; the slow parts
remember, integrate, and constrain.
The fast parts get all the attention.
The slow parts have all the power.
Steward Brand on “Pace Layering”
Information Architecture Workshop
11
“Categorization is not a
matter to be taken lightly.
There is nothing more
basic than categorization
to our thought, perception,
action, and speech.”

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There is one timeless way of building.
It is thousands of years old, and the same
today as it has always been.
The great traditional buildings of the past,
the villages and tents and temples in
which man feels at home, have always
been made by people who were very close
to the center of this way.
It is not possible to make great buildings,
or great towns, beautiful places, places
where you feel yourself, places where you
feel alive, except by following this way.
And, as you will see, this way will lead
anyone who looks for it to buildings
which are themselves as ancient in
their form, as the trees and hills,
and as our faces are.
The Timeless Way of Building
Christopher Alexander
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Window Place (180)
Everybody loves window seats,
bay windows, and big windows
with low sills and comfortable
chairs drawn up to them.
May be part of:
• Entrance Room (130)
• Zen View (134)
• Light on Two Sides (159)
• Street Windows (164)
May contain:
• Alcoves (179)
• Low Sill (222)
• Built-In Seats (202)
• Deep Reveals (223)
A Pattern Language
Christopher Alexander et al.
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Bill Verplank, IxD11 Opening Keynote, http://vimeo.com/20285615 (00:19:30)

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Process
1.  Background research and planning.
2.  Audience analysis (user roles and goals).
3.  Site evaluation.
4.  Site and search analytics.
5.  Content and metadata analysis.
6.  Competitive and comparative analysis.
7.  Internal meetings (and presentations).
8.  Stakeholder interviews.
9.  User research sessions.
10. Information architecture design.
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goals, strategy, brand,
process, technology,
resources, politics, culture…

objects, types, metadata,
structure, relationships,
source, volume, growth

audiences, user needs,
use cases, mental models,
vocabulary, behavior
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“Desire Lines”
Photo: Berkeley Path Gallery by Kevin Fox

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User Research (Outside-In)
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Surveys
Focus Groups
Personas
Usability Testing
Interviews
Card Sorting
Ethnography
Mental Models

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Usage Logs
Search Analytics
A/B Testing
Prototyping
Alpha / Beta
Customer Support
Eyetracking
Participatory Design

30
IA is the Art of Synthesis
Goals and Scope (RFP, Functional Specifications)
Constraints (Schedule, Budget, Technology, Politics)
Project-Specific Research (Users, Content, Context)
Competitive Analysis (Legalized Cheating)
What We Know (Education, Expertise, Experience)
Guidelines (Three Click Rule, Users Don’t Scroll)
Design Research (HCI, LIS, IR, Academic, Corporate)
Project-Specific Testing (Usability)
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Information Architecture Workshop
Deliverables
•  Strategy brief that presents findings and analysis of the
research process and recommends a user experience
strategy focused on user roles and goals.
•  Suite of information architecture wireframes specifying
page-level structure and navigation for major interfaces
and page types.
•  Final report that integrates results and analysis,
strategy and recommendations, user experience flows,
wireframes, and requirements.

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Blueprints

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Task Flows

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Visual Thinking
Unwritten Rule #1
“Whoever best describes a
problem is the person most
likely to solve the problem.
…or, whoever draws the best
picture gets the funding.”

37
Wireframes

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The Right Way to Wireframe

http://blog.semanticfoundry.com/2009/01/01/

http://konigi.com/notebook/all-right-way-wireframe-videos

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Shades of Gray

The Right Way to Wireframe
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Cancer.gov Redesign Goals
•  Improve overall ease of use.
•  Improve image and identity.
•  Target content to key audiences.
•  Remove non-clickable bullets.
•  Reduce number of clicks.
Melanoma Home Page

1

NCI Home

3

2

Cancer Information

Types of Cancer

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Findability Facts
•  For every search on cancer.gov,
there are over 100 cancer-related
searches on public search engines.
•  Of these searches, 70% are on
specific types of cancer.45
46
Information Architecture Workshop
600,000 visitors
2.5 million page views
12.5% mobile, 50% annual growth rate
Information Architecture Workshop
Information Architecture Workshop
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Project Overview
Goals
Develop a user-centered web strategy and an
information architecture framework for Kresge.
Process
•  Analytics
•  Expert Review
•  User Research (6)
•  Stakeholder Interviews (28)
•  Comparative Analysis

Deliverables
•  Strategy Report
•  Wireframes

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Report & Presentation
Project Overview
Research Highlights
• 
• 
• 

Users
Stakeholders
Expert Review

Strategy Brief
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Web Strategy
Information Architecture
Content Strategy
Social Media
Multimedia
Grants Database
Online Application (Public)
Search Engine Optimization

Wireframes
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 

Home
Program
Focus Area
About Us
Search

Next Steps
Questions / Discussion

53
Site Map
Home
Browse by Task & Topic
Apply for
a Grant

Detroit

Education

Environment

Blog

Contact Us

Community
Development

Our Funding
Strategies

News & Media

Arts &
Culture

About Us

Browse by
Program

Search

Grants
Database

Library

Health

54

Human
Services
Wireframes
Search

Arts & Culture

Programs

About Us

Grants

Library

News & Media

Community Development
Detroit
Education

Search

Search
Search Term(s)

arts
Environment

Pages
•  Home
•  Program
•  Focus Area
•  About Us
•  Search

Health

Recommended Results

Home > About Us

Human Services

About Us

Quick Links

Arts & Culture Program
We seek to build vibrant communities enlivened by the presence of healthy arts and culture organizations and
creative artists that together encourage participation in and support for all forms of cultural expression.
kresge.org/programs/artsandculture/

About Us

Programs

Who We Are
Mission & Values
Our History

Grants

Library

News & Media

The Kresge Foundation is a $3.1 billion private, national

Print | Share | Subscribe

Apply for a Grant

President's Corner

Grants Database

Rip Rapson
A message from
the president of The
Kresge Foundation.

foundation that seeks to influence the quality of life for future
generations through its support of nonprofit organizations in six

President's Corner

fields of interest: health, the environment, community

Our Headquarters

Our Funding Methods

Employment (Jobs)

development, arts and culture, education and human services.

3215 West Big Beaver Road
Troy, Michigan 48084

Employment (Jobs)

Grants

Library

News & Media

Print | Share | Subscribe

Education

Results 1-10 of 215

Board of Trustees

Programs

Home > Programs > Education

Annual Report

Kresge Staff

Arts and Community Building | Arts & Culture Program | The Kresge Foundation
Across the country, communities of all sizes are using the unique power of arts and culture to
re-charge and re-build. But these efforts are not systematic, ...
www.kresge.org/index.php/.../arts.../arts_and_community_building/

Maps & Directions

What We Do
Annual Report

Programs

Governance

Our Green HQ

Kresge Staff

Grantee Spotlight

Maps & Directions

We are headquartered in metropolitan Detroit, in the suburb
community of Troy, Michigan. In 2009, the Board of Trustees

Board of Trustees

approved 404 awards totaling $197 million; $167 million was

Blog

paid out to grantees over the course of the year.

Facebook

Committee Charters
Code of Conduct (Staff)
Code of Ethics (Trustees)

Quick Facts
Established in 1924 by
Sebastian Spering Kresge.
Recently expanded beyond
signature challenge grant.
Distributed $167 million to
grantees in 2009.
Fiscal year 2009 assets
valued at $3.1 billion.

News & Commentary

Recent News | Blog Posts | Tweets

Twitter
High School-level Programs Raise Awareness of Occupational
Health and Safety Risks for Young People

YouTube

Kresge Announces Strategy To Increase College Graduates in the U.S.

Program Overview

access and success in the following three focus areas:
•

Eligibility
Calendar & Deadlines

underrepresented students – especially low-income, first

Recent Grants

generation and African American, Latino and Native American

Search

1

2

3

Blog Post: Positive Trends in
Postsecondary Education
More: News | Blog

students – into two- and four-year institutions, and increase the
Quick Links

number of students who ultimately graduate. We are interested

Apply for a Grant

Stay Connected

primarily in national, regional, or state- or consortium-based

Education Blog

efforts that serve large numbers of students. We make few, if

Contact Us

Blog

any, grants to individual institutions or organizations for small-

Facebook

scale programs serving limited numbers of students.

Library >
Education Resources

•

Changing the Odds: Lessons
Learned from the Kresge
HBCU Initiative (PDF)

Flickr

Strengthening Institutions – To help increase the number of
RSS

college graduates in the United States, the Education Team

Twitter

works to build the capacity of postsecondary institutions that

KnowHow2Go

YouTube

predominately serve low-income, underrepresented and first
generation college students, particularly community colleges

Search

and minority-serving institutions, such as Historically Black
Library

Colleges and Universities, Hispanic-serving institutions and

News & Media

Tribal colleges and universities, Title III and Title V institutions,

Community Development

<< Previous
Detroit

Grantee Spotlight: Oregon
College of Art & Craft

Pathways for Students – We seek to propel more

Campus Green Builder

Institutional Capitalization > What We Do > The Kresge Foundation
The vitality of arts and cultural institutions and their capacity to serve the public are often
threatened by weak finances. In assessing financial health, ...
Programs
Arts & Culture
About Us
Grants
www.kresge.org/index.php/what/arts.../institutional_capitalization/ - Cached

In 1924, Sebastian Spering Kresge established the foundation...

New Strategy to Increase the
Number of College Graduates

The Education Program focuses its work on supporting postsecondary

Application Process

Area Arts and Culture Organizations To Benefit from $6 Million in ...
“Arts and cultural organizations enrich the fabric of daily life, nurture individual
development, strengthen communities and contribute to the regional ...
www.kresge.org/.../article/Area_Arts_and_Culture_Organizations_To_Benefit

More >>

Program Overview

Page Sections

Human Services, Health, and Arts and Culture Organizations, Among ...
Aug 25, 2009 ... Grants were made in Kresge's six fields of interest – human services, health,
arts and culture, education, community development and the ...
www.kresge.org/.../article/human_services_health_and_arts_and_culture...

Kresge Awards $3 Million for the Health Clinic Opportunity Fund

productivity and foster innovation in higher education.
News & Commentary

Kresge Community Arts Program Calls for Applications; $100000 in ...
Jan 26, 2010 ... The Kresge Foundation is calling for applications for year-two of Kresge
Community Arts, a national community arts and engagement project ...
www.kresge.org/.../article/kresge_community_arts_program_calls_for...

RSS

Julian A. Haynes
Program Associate

students, and promoting systems and technology that increase

South Africa

New Program Promotes Art and Cultural Projects in Economically ...
Jul 30, 2009 ... $600000 in grant funding from The Kresge Foundation will encourage city
residents and organizations to use art and culture as a tool for ...
www.kresge.org/.../article/new_program_promotes_art_and_cultural_projects...

Flickr

Caroline Altman Smith
Program Officer

whose primary mission is to educate low-income and underrepresented
Initiatives

Arts and Culture Program Seeks Preliminary Applications for the ...
Jul 30, 2010 ... The Kresge Foundation's Arts and Culture Program is inviting preliminary
applications for its Facility Investments and Building Reserves ...
www.kresge.org/.../article/arts_and_culture_program_seeks_preliminary...

Stay Connected

Bylaws

success. This is being accomplished by supporting pathways to and
through college, building the capacity of postsecondary institutions

Kresge Arts Support > What We Do > The Kresge Foundation
Call for applications: Small and mid-size arts and cultural organizations in Wayne, Oakland
and Macomb counties are invited to apply now for operating ...
www.kresge.org/index.php/what/detroit.../kresge_arts_support/

Our Funding Methods

William F.L. Moses
Program Director

student access to higher education and avenues for their academic

Productivity

Kresge Announces New National Strategy for Arts and Culture ...
Apr 19, 2010 ... The Kresge Foundation announces today a new national strategy for its Arts
and Culture Program that fosters the long-term financial ...
www.kresge.org/.../article/kresge_announces_new_national_strategy_for_arts...

Financial Statements

Education Program Team

The Kresge Foundation focuses its Education Program on expanding

Pathways for Students

“A Different View of Detroit” > President's Corner > The Kresge ...
... of work within this category – strategies to improve the opportunities in Detroit's
neighborhoods and to promote a robust arts and culture environment. ...
www.kresge.org/index.../article/a_different_view_of_detroit/

Contact Us

Glossary of Kresge Terms

Focus Areas

Strengthening Institutions

Contact Us

and special mission institutions.

4

5

Next >>

...

Education

Application Process

About Us

Programs

Grants

Library

News & Media

Environment

Print | Share | Subscribe

This section explains whether or not unsolicited applications are

About Us

Education: Pathways for Students

Programs

Grants

Library

Stay Connected

Kresge Staff

Arts & Culture

Apply for a Grant

Explore Our Library

Blog

Board of Trustees

Home > Programs > Education > Pathways for Students

Caveats
•  Visual Design
•  Starting Point

Search

About Us

Kresge Arts in Detroit
A three-part effort designed to support and develop individual artists, arts and cultural organizations and
arts-infrastructure groups in metropolitan Detroit’s Wayne, Oakland and Macomb counties.
kresge.org/artsindetroit/

Community Development

Grants Database

Annual Report

Detroit

The Kresge Glossary

Health
Human Services

Focus Area Overview
Application Process
Eligibility
Calendar & Deadlines

propelling more students – especially low-income, first generation and

President's Corner

Education

Recent News

Twitter

Media Contacts

YouTube

Maps & Directions

Human Services

Education Program Team
William F.L. Moses
Program Director

African American, Latino and Native American students – into two- and
four-year institutions, and increasing the number of students who

Caroline Altman Smith
Program Officer

Apply for a Grant

High School-level Programs Raise Awareness of Occupational
Home | About Us | Programs | Grants | Library Health & Media | Site Map for Young People
| News and Safety Risks | Contact Us
Annual Report
Kresge Awards $3 Million for the Health Clinic Opportunity Fund

Apply for a Grant
Education Blog
Contact Us

Employment (Jobs)

•

Kresge Grantees Launch Site on Climate-Change Adaptation

Maps & Directions

Call for Applications:
$4.5 Million Available to Detroit-Area Arts and Cultural Organizations

Many of our target students are the first in their families to attend
Contact Us

college, and their families are often intimidated by the potential costs of

Who may apply?

Kresge Announces Strategy To Increase College Graduates in the U.S.

Focus Area Overview
Quick Links

Facebook

More >>

RSS & Email
Twitter
YouTube

a college education and bewildered by the complexities of navigating the

Focus Area Link (Optional)
Focus Area Link (Optional)
Focus Area Link (Optional)

501(c)(3) organizations based in the United States that are not
classified as private foundations

•

Flickr

International organizations that are the equivalent of a 501(c)

...

Calendar & Deadlines
This section presents dates and deadlines that apply to the whole program
and/or links to dates and deadlines at the focus area or initiative level.

financial aid and admissions process. Once accepted to college, and
Library >
Education Resources

Eligibility

Blog

3215 West Big Beaver Road, Troy, Michigan 48084

President's Corner

© The Kresge Foundation. All Rights Reserved.

Julian A. Haynes
Program Associate

...

Stay Connected

Recent News

Grants Database

Our Funding Methods

ultimately graduate.

Recent Grants

links to the eligibility and deadline sections and the online application.

RSS & Email

Environment
Quick Links
Health

Foundation Blog

Employment (Jobs)

The primary goal of improving postsecondary access and success is

identify the focus area or initiative that fits their mission, and provides

Flickr

Our Funding Strategies

Page Sections

encouraged (by this program), recommends that prospective applicants

Facebook
News & Media

...

despite often good high-school records, many students lack the skills to
compete successfully in college-level courses.

Recent Grants

Studies show that nearly half of all community college students enroll in
at least one developmental education course, typically in remedial math,

View All Education Grants | Search Grants Database

Focus Area

Approved

Pathways for Students

$2,125,000

17

$125,000

Strengthening Institutions

$2,750,000

20

$135,000

Productivity

$475,050

5

$95,000

South Africa

$465,075

3

$155,000

Number of Grants

Average Grant

reading or writing. Many students also juggle significant work and family
responsibilities that complicate their ability to complete degrees.
We seek to support networks of colleges, research organizations,
community-based organizations, and two- and four-year colleges that are
engaged primarily in increasing the numbers of underrepresented
students entering and graduating from college by removing the barriers
described above.

Home | About Us | Programs | Grants | Library | News & Media | Site Map | Contact Us
3215 West Big Beaver Road, Troy, Michigan 48084
© The Kresge Foundation. All Rights Reserved.

Our goal is to fund programs that foster the following:
•

College readiness and/or increase awareness of and access to
financial aid

•

About Us

Programs

Grants

Library

Stay Connected

Kresge Staff

Research and models on how to remove barriers to student

Arts & Culture

Apply for a Grant

Explore Our Library

Blog

News & Media

Flickr

Recent News

RSS & Email

Board of Trustees

Grants Database

Detroit

The Kresge Glossary

President's Corner

Education

Our Funding Methods

Environment

Foundation Blog

Twitter

Employment (Jobs)

Health

Media Contacts

YouTube

Maps & Directions

55

Community Development

Annual Report

success
...

Human Services

Facebook

Home | About Us | Programs | Grants | Library | News & Media | Site Map | Contact Us
3215 West Big Beaver Road, Troy, Michigan 48084
© The Kresge Foundation. All Rights Reserved.
Home

Search

Arts & Culture

Programs

About Us

Grants

Library

News & Media

• 

Program Areas (7)

• 

Global Navigation

• 

Quick Links

• 

News

• 

Community Development

Social Media

• 

Search

• 

Images + Interaction

Detroit
Education
Environment
Health
Human Services

Quick Links
Apply for a Grant
Grants Database

Recent News

Annual Report

High School-level Programs Raise Awareness of Occupational
Health and Safety Risks for Young People

President's Corner

Kresge Awards $3 Million for the Health Clinic Opportunity Fund

Our Funding Methods

Kresge Announces Strategy To Increase College Graduates in the U.S.

Employment (Jobs)

Kresge Grantees Launch Site on Climate-Change Adaptation

Maps & Directions

Call for Applications:
$4.5 Million Available to Detroit-Area Arts and Cultural Organizations

Stay Connected

Contact Us

Blog
Facebook
Flickr

More >>

RSS & Email
Twitter
YouTube

Home | About Us | Programs | Grants | Library | News & Media | Site Map | Contact Us
3215 West Big Beaver Road, Troy, Michigan 48084
© The Kresge Foundation. All Rights Reserved.

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60
THINGS ON THE FRONT PAGE
OF A UNIVERSITY WEBSITE
Campus Photo
Slideshow

Press Releases

Statement of the
School's Philosophy
Letter from
the President
Virtual Tour

Faculty Phone
Numbers & Emails

Name of School

Alumni
in the News

THINGS PEOPLE GO TO
THE SITE LOOKING FOR

Application Forms
Faculty
Profiles
Department &
Course Lists
Course
Registration

Academic
Calendar

Parking
Information

Usable
Campus Map

Adapted from http://xkcd.com/773/61

Campus
Address
Artifacts

Visible organizational
structures and processes
(hard to decipher)

Espoused
Values

Strategies, goals,
philosophies, justifications

Underlying
Assumptions

Unconscious, taken for
granted beliefs, perceptions,
thoughts, feelings
(source of values, action)

Three Levels of Culture

62
It is difficult to overstate the extent to which most managers and the
people who advise them believe in the redemptive power of rewards.
Rewards undermine the processes they are intended to enhance.
Extrinsic motivators do not alter the attitudes underlying behaviors.

People who do exceptional work may be glad to be paid and even
more glad to be well paid, but they do not work to collect a paycheck.
They work because they love what they do.

Why Incentive Plans Cannot Work by Alfie Kohn (1993)
http://hbr.org/archive-toc/BR9309

63
The building of the railroads
(and the telegraph system)
made possible this growth of
the great industrial enterprise
(from about 1850 to 1950).

“The need (for divisionalization
and decentralization) did not
result from the larger size of the
enterprise per se. It came rather
from the increasing diversity
and complexity of decisions that
senior managers had to make.”
Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. (1962)
64
BIG GOVERNANCE

little local governance
65
“Customers are adopting
disruptive technologies faster
than companies can adapt.”

“The individuals who make
up the company must be fully
conscious of the job that they
are doing for customers…
(and of) the jobs customers
are trying to do.”

66
Pods
Small, agile, autonomous
teams that are “authorized to
represent the company and
deliver results to customers.”
Pods are flexible, fast,
scalable, and resilient.
Pods are designed so that
decisions and changes can be
made as quickly and as close
to customers as possible.
67
“A platform is a government.”
“When it comes to language, protocols, culture, and values,
you don’t want variability, you want consistency.”
“Backbone activities are about coordination and consistency.
Backbones should be as lightweight as possible.”
68
69
70
Systems thinking looks at relationships
(rather than unrelated objects), connectedness,
process (rather than structure), the whole
(rather than just its parts), the patterns (rather
than the contents) of a system, and context.
Thinking systematically also requires
several shifts in perception, which lead in
turn to different ways to teach, and
different ways to organize society

71
“There is a problem in discussing systems only
with words. Words and sentences must, by
necessity, come only one a time in linear, logical
order. Systems happen all at once. They are
connected not just in one direction, but in many
directions simultaneously. To discuss them
properly, it is necessary to use a language that
shares some of the same properties as the
phenomena under discussion.”
“If a factory is torn down but the
rationality which produced it is left
standing, then that rationality will
simply produce another factory. If a
revolution destroys a government,
but the systematic patterns of
thought that produced that
government are left intact, then those
patterns will repeat themselves…
There’s so much talk about the
system. And so little understanding.”

73
“The system
always kicks back.”

74
75
76
Information Architecture Workshop
78
Fragmentation
Fragmentation into multiple
sites, domains, and identities is
clearly a major problem. Users
don’t know which site to visit
for which purpose.

Findability
Users can’t find what they need
from the home page, but most
users don’t come through the
front door. They enter via a web
search or a deep link, and are
confused by what they find.
Even worse, most never use the
Library, because its resources
aren’t easily findable.
Web Strategy
Web

1.  One Library

2.  Core Areas

Online

Onsite

Library

Congress
(about/for)

National
Library

Copyright

Hierarchy

3.  Network Intelligence

top-down

+

Network
bottom-up

80
Experience Across Channels
Search for
Resources

Check Reading
Room Hours

Get
Directions

Review
Resources

Read
& Synthesize

Continue
Research

Request
Assistance

Catalog

Website

Website

Reading
Room

Notes &
Copies

Catalog

Website

Researcher

Desktop

Take Notes
Laptop

Make Copies
Mobile

Ask for Help
Phone

Library

Librarian

81

Ask a Librarian
Roadmap
1

2

3

82
Wireframes
Library of Congress

myLOC | Marti Janes | Sign Out

Library of Congress
Set by Jen Brown

Your Search: Women's Suffrage (Set)

Comments (7)

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Available Online (625)

Search

?

GO

This Set
New Search

-

Interfaces
•  Portal
•  Search
•  Object
•  Set
•  Page
Caveats
•  Visual Design
•  Starting Point

Print | Save | Share | Subscribe | Add to Set | Rights & Access | Ask a Librarian

Search

Search

GO

All Categories

Newspapers/Magazines (122)

Additional Items/Views

-

The Gettysburg Address (Web Guide)
Online guide to primary documents. Includes selected bibliography and links to external web sites.

Format, Online

Results page 1 of 78,810 results

Images (545)

Social Sciences (1)

+ Source

Show All

-

Subject
History, United States (35,724)
Lincoln, Abraham (18,545)

Bain Collection (41,450)

No description available.

Relevance

The Gettysburg Address
2010, Collection
Of the five known manuscript copies of the Gettysburg Address, the Library
of Congress has two. President Lincoln gave one of these to ...

Collections

Suffrage for women
1871, Book (Full Text, Image), by John Stuart Mill

+ Author / Creator

Sort by

Video (25)

View All (3)

Three women attaching "Votes for women" poster to telephone pole;
beach in background.

Display List | Gallery | Grid | Slide | Map | Timeline

Print | Save | Share | Subscribe | Add to Set | Ask a Librarian

Audio (27)
Suffrage campaign days in New Jersey
Between 1914-1920, Photograph

Government, Politics & Law (1)

The Abraham Lincoln Papers
Roughly 20,000 documents including an online collection of 61,000 images and 10,000 transcriptions.

Show All

sources sent to the White House regarding the use of President ...

Subject

The Gettysburg Address
Multimedia exhibition featuring the key documents linked to Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.

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Gettysburg Address: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual ...
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About the Collection
Introductory Presentation
Title: Meade School, Gettysburg
Guide to People, Organizations,
Author/Creator: Bain News Service publisher
and Topics
Date Created/Published: [between 1900 and 1906] Bibliography
Selected
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Medium: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller.

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BobMeade says:

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Gettysburg--A battlefield tour
1988, Moving Image or Slide/Transparency (Video), produced by Finley ...

Hours
+ LC Classification

On November 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivered a short speech
at the close of ceremonies dedicating the battlefield cemetery ...

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+ Rights & Permissions

Preservation of Lincoln's Two Drafts - The Gettysburg Address ...

Highlights >

2008, Set
In order to assure the long-term preservation of the two drafts of Lincoln's

- Set
Celebrate the Joy of Reading
Gettysburg Address (137)
Wise Guide to loc.gov
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Gettysburg Address in the Library of Congress collections ...
The Gettysburg campaign; a study in command.
1968, Book, by Edwin B. Coddington

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xviii, 866 p. illus., facsim., plans, ports. 24 cm.
Look Inside: Page: 1, 2, 5, View All

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The LOC.GOV Wise Guide : Turning Point of the Civil War ...
2007, Collection
The battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) is considered the turning point of
the Civil War. Gen. Robert E. Lee's defeat by the Army of the ...

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Thanks for your comments. We'll incorporate the date and other info. noticed on the neg. next
time we update.

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Meade School was named to honor General George Gordon Meade who directed the Union army in one
of its greatest battles, defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg.

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The monument at the left of the photograph (above) is the 26th Pennsylvania Emergency Infantry
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On November 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivered a short speech
at the close of ceremonies dedicating the battlefield cemetery ...

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Please note that the Nicolay and Hay versions of the Gettysburg Address
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Public
Selling Mrs. ConsumerThis says "Meade School" at lower left. It's the Meade High School in Gettysburg, which opened in 1897.
Social Science
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1929, Manuscript (Full I don't know ifby Christine Frederick
Text, Image), it's still in use.
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the consumer economy. The months ago. ( permalink )
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Transcript of the HayDraft - The Gettysburg Address (Library of ...
2010, Collection

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Title from data provided by the Bain News Service on the negative. Date from similar Detroit
How to Order Copies Hours & Locations
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Publishing Co. negative: LC-D4-16-16583. the Digital Collection
Building
Jobs & Fellowships
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Copyright and Other Restrictions
On negative: Meade Sq., Gettysburg.
Library of Congress
Library Catalogs
Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (LibraryShop the Library
of Congress).
Gettysburg
1913
General information about the Bain Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain
Browse by
Support the Library
About the Collection
Meade
Visit the Library
Prosperity and Thrift: The Coolidge Era and the Consumer Economy, Temp. note: Batch three loaded. Subject Index
1921-1929 assembles a
Civil War
wide array of Library of Congress source materials from the Subjects: document the
1920s that
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Title Index
widespread prosperity of the Coolidge years, the nation's transition toGettysburg
a mass consumer
architecture
battlefield
economy, and the role of government in this transition. The collection includes... Read more
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1935, Non-Music Recording (Audio), performed by Raymond Massey
Linguaphone 76743/744 (78A). 1 sound disc : 78 rpm, mono ;
10-inch, standard (shellac).

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English (35)

Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.

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known of the five drafts of what may be the most famous ...
Raymond Massey reading Lincoln's Gettysburg Address

-

Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ggbain-13836 (digital file from original negative)

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First Draft of Gettysburg Address (Nicolay Copy)
1863, Manucript (Image)
Top Treasure (First Draft of Gettysburg Address). Seen here is the earliest

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describes the dedication of the cemetery to the fallen soldiers by ...

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Story of the Gettysburg address
1969, Book, by Kenneth Richards, illustrated by Tom Dunnington
Traces the events which led to the Battle of Gettysburg in 1864 and

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Prosperity and Thrift: The Coolidge Era and the Consumer Economy, 1921-1929

Notes:

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Online - Image (2592 x 1936)
Prints and Photographs Division (Available) -- Map & Directions, Floor Plan
Search for This Item at Libraries Near You

Call Number: LC-B2- 2789-5 [P&P]

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Geography
Government
Health
History, International
History, United States
Journalism
Law & Legislation
Literature
Philosophy
Religion
Science
Social Science
Sports & Recreation
World Culture
“Give me a fulcrum and a place to stand,
and I will move the world.” —Archimedes

Portal

Dis

ut

o
Ab

Brand

Paths
Patterns
Incentives

co
ve
ry

Users

Find

Search
Ask

Objects

Federated
Faceted
Fast

Goal
Gateway
Collection

Browse

Findable

Social

84
85
Faceted Metadata Drives Search + Browse
86

86
Where architects use
forms and spaces to design
environments for inhabitation,
information architects use
nodes and links to create
environments for understanding.
Jorge Arango, Architectures

87
Process & Deliverables
Projects
1.  National Library (loc.gov)
2.  Legislative (congress.gov)
3.  Copyright (copyright.gov)

Discovery
• 
• 
• 

Users
Stakeholders
Content & Context

Deliverables
• 
• 
• 

Web Strategy
Information Architecture
Roadmap

Working Groups
• 
• 
• 
• 

Search
Content
Metadata
Governance

Timeline
• 
• 
• 
• 

Evaluation (3 months, 2009)
Web Strategy (3 months, 2010)
IA (12 months, 2011)
Design/Build (ongoing, 2011-)

88
Web Governance Board

89
90
Design for Discovery

“Search is among the
most disruptive
innovations of our time.
It influences what we
buy and where we go. It
shapes how we learn
and what we believe.”

Search
Patterns
Peter Morville & Jeffery Callender

91
Most of the complaints
we get are due to the way
users search; they use
the wrong keywords.

t's
ght. I
t's Ri
Tha
rs!
Yeah.
d Use
Stupi
e
thos

92
Marcia Bates: Berrypicking, Evolving Search (1989)
93
Search is a…
Complex, Adaptive System
Goals
Psychology
Behavior

Interaction
Affordances
Language

Features
Technology
Algorithms

Indexing
Structure
Metadata

Tools
Process
Incentives

Interface
Query

Results

Engine

Content

Users

Source: Search Patterns (2010)

Creators

94
Principles of Design
Incremental Construction
Progressive Disclosure
Immediate Response
Predictability
Alternate Views
Recognition Over Recall
Minimal Disruption
Direct Manipulation
Context of Use

User

Information

Interface

95
Incremental Construction

Progressive Disclosure

one step at a time…

more within reach…
96
Search

Pers
on

aliza
ti

on

Ask
Push

Pull

Browse
97
98
Realtime Search

99
Mobile Search

100
Kiosk Search

101
102
Behavior Patterns
Quit
Query

Results

Thrashing

Query

Results

Narrow
Query

Results

Results

Pearl Growing
Document

Results

Expand
Query

Results

Results

103
Design Patterns
Auto-Complete

Federated Search
Query
Results

Qu...

Results

Destination

Suggestions

Best First

Faceted Navigation
Query

Results
Query

Advanced Search

Results

Structured Results
AND

Results

Query

Map

OR
NOT

104

Results
Auto-Complete

Qu...

Results

Destination

Suggestions

Because typing (and typos) take time.
105
106
Best First
Query

Results

In search, results must be simple, fast, and relevant.
107
43%
15%
10%
5%

Source:
108 Marti Hearst’s

Search User Interfaces (2009)
109
110
111
Federated Search
Query

Results

Because users don’t know where to 112
look.
113
114
Faceted Navigation
Query

Results

Results

Multiple ways to search (and browse) in combination.
115
"laptop" > $910 - $1070 > Hewlett Packard > At least 1 GB >
14 - 15 Inch > Bluetooth > 4 - 5 lbs

116
117
118
119
Structured Results

120
Actionable Results

121
122
Redefining Search

123
Question Answering

124
Decision Making

125
Pattern Recognition

126
Understanding

127
What We Search

128
How We Search

129
130
131
Library Portal Survey
According to a survey of students, faculty, and staff,
search and discovery is the #1 problem.
“I think it’s better to have everything in one searching
system than parceled out into different ones.”
“The search is not very smart. You get thousands of
seemingly unrelated responses.”
“(We need) better discovery tools that integrate electronic
articles with books and manuscripts.”
“(The Library should) prioritize search over all else.”

132
Regardless of all the time and effort libraries put
into providing a variety of research tools and
resources on their websites, the literature suggests
that students still prefer to start their research
using Google or some other form of search engine.
It is clear that there is an overwhelming preference
for easy to use, familiar search tools that
transcend education level, discipline of study, and
student demographics.
Discovery Layers and the Distance Student
Jessica Mussell (2012)
133
Google Scholar
Strengths
•  Fast, easy, familiar
•  Cross-disciplinary searching
•  Links to citing and related articles
Weaknesses
•  No “advanced search” functionality
•  Limited, inaccurate metadata
•  Inconsistent coverage across disciplines
•  No transparency (coverage, algorithms, usage, monetization)
•  Not customizable or interoperable
134
Information Literacy
Employers claimed that college hires rarely conducted the
thorough research required of them in the workplace.
At worst, some college hires solved problems with a
lightning quick Google search, a scan of the first couple of
pages of results, and a linear answer finding approach.
“I had new graduate hire who only searched for papers on
Google. I said, you’re missing things, you need to use
PubMed, and he responded, ‘Well, I did this quick search,
and that’s what I got.’ But that's not good enough.”
Project Information Literacy: Learning Curve by Alison J. Head (2012)

135
Percent of faculty rating these roles
of the library as important.

Key Strategic Insights for Libraries, Publishers,
and Societies by Roger C. Schonfeld (2010)
136
137

Federated
“Bento Box”
NCSU
Stanford
Dartmouth
Virginia
Columbia
138

Aggregated
“Faceted”
Cornell
Duke
McGill
Northwestern
U. Washington
Gross and Sheridan conducted a usability study
that examined how Summon (“web-scale discovery”)
was used for common library search tasks.
Summon was positioned as the primary search
box on the library’s home page for the study.
They found that the single search box was
employed for 80% of the assigned tasks.
How Users Search the Library from a Single Search Box
Lown, Sierra, Boyer (2013)

139
Use of full-text online content dramatically
increased in the year following implementation.
Librarians found they could focus instruction
less on choosing a database or catalog and more
on refining a search, research as an iterative
process, and other high level search skills.
The Impact of Serial Solutions’ Summon on
Information Literacy Instruction
Stephanie Buck and Margaret Mellinger (2011)

140
The search box became an obstacle in…
questions where it should not have been used.
The search box was viewed as an allencompassing search of the entire site.
Students searched for administrative
information, research guides, and podcasts.
How Users Search the Library from a Single Search Box
Lown, Sierra, Boyer (2013)

141
142
143
Adaptive Facets

144
Home

Advanced Search

Refine Your Search

Help

House

Senate

Government

Advanced Search

News

A-Z Index

Interface: Graphic | Command Line

- Congress
All

Title

health care

OR

Full Text

"mental health" or therapy

AND

Representative (Sponsor)

Any House Member
Abercrombie, Neil [D-HI] (99th, 102nd-111th)
Ackerman, Gary L. [D-NY] (98th-112th)
Adams, Sandy [R-FL] (112th)

NOT

House Committees

Appropriations

AND

Subject Term

health

AND

Select

[1973-2012]

X

112th [2011-2012]

X

111th [2009-2010]
110th [2007-2008]
Show All

- Source
All Sources
X

LIS
X Bills / Amendments
X Committee Reports
X Congressional Record
X Executive Communications

CRS Reports
Library of Congress
Show All

Show

07

Rows

SEARCH

Clear Form

145
Origin
Google
Google Scholar

Search as a Service
Source
Catalog (Owned)
Databases (Licensed)

Library Portal
Apps via API

University Website

Institutional Repository

Individual Library

HathiTrust (Shared Repository)
Borrow Direct (Ivy League)

Subject (LibGuide)
Faculty (Profile, Publications)
Course (Course Pack, LMS)

WorldCat (Libraries Worldwide)
Web (Free, Fee)
Portal (Library Facilities, Services)
* source may be path or destination

Resource (Article, Book)

146
63% didn’t use any Internet
resources, other than the Guide,
to complete their assignment.
Embedding LibGuides into
Course Management Systems
Stephanie Brown (2012)
Search

GO

History of Science: Nature on Display

Embeddable
Search Widget

147
Recommendation
Develop a universal search and discovery service
that improves access to local and remote sources
from multiple points of origin.
• 

User Interface (usability AND information literacy).

• 

Platform (multi-level, embeddable search widget, API).

• 

Technology (customize, interoperable, open source).

• 

Roadmap (search, content, metadata, governance).

148
Big Opportunities

Unified Search & Discovery
Information Literacy (Research Skills, Embedding)
Cross-Channel Design (Physical / Digital)
Library as Place (Collaboratory, Knowledge Creation)
Library as Platform (Open Access, Open Source, MOOCs)

149
150
“Information is blurring the lines between products and
services to create multi-channel, cross-platform, transmedia, physico-digital user experiences.” Peter Morville
32,000 B.C. Visual Thinking

I n t e rt w i n g l e

1976 Information Architecture
1995 User Experience
1982 Service Design

2005 Ubiquitous Computing
1986 Interaction Design

“People keep pretending they can make things deeply
hierarchical, categorizable, and sequential when they can’t.
Everything is deeply intertwingled.” Ted Nelson
151
World’s Best
Information Architect

Source: Subject to Change (2008)

152
Information Architecture Workshop
154
“Collaborative Consumption
describes the rapid explosion
in traditional sharing,
bartering, lending, trading,
renting, gifting, and swapping
reinvented through network
technologies on a scale and in
ways never possible before.”

155
156
My Shelf

157
Sensors
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Location (GPS)
Orientation (Compass)
Motion (Accelerometer)
Orientation/Motion (Gyroscope)
Touch (Multi-Touch, Gestural)
Light (Ambient)
Proximity
Device (Bluetooth)
Audio (Microphone)
Image/Video (Camera)
Biometrics (Fingerprint)
158
159
“After a half-hour, a three-tone alert sounds…If the
bottle still has not been opened, the system makes an
automated reminder phone call to the patient or a
caregiver. The GlowCap system compiles adherence data
which anyone can be authorized to track. That way the
doctor can make sure Gramps stays on his meds.”
160
161
find·a·bil·i·ty n
The quality of being locatable or
navigable.
The degree to which an object is
easy to discover or locate.
The degree to which a system or
environment supports wayfinding,
navigation, and retrieval.
am·bi·ent adj
Surrounding; encircling;
enveloping (e.g., ambient air)
the ability to find anyone or anything
from anywhere at anytime

162
David Rose
ambientdevices.com

163
164
BrainPort
Camera in glasses
captures video.
Image recreated on
grid of 400 electrodes.
User feels the shape
on the tongue.
Brain learns to see
through the tongue.
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
Product
Packaging
Print Catalog
Call Center
Website
Blog
Facebook
Twitter
YouTube
Email
Direct Mail
Radio
Television

Channel
Web
Social Media
Email
Messaging
Telephone
Print

Device
Desktop
Laptop
Mobile
Tablet
Television
Kiosk

Media
Book
Newspaper
Magazine
Video
Audio
Poster
Billboard

Platform

Web
iOS
Android
Mac OS X
MS Windows

Scale
Covert
Mobile
Personal
Environmental
Architectural
Urban

Context
Home
Work
Walking
Driving
Shopping
Plane
Party
Personal
Social
Location
Time
Task

172
173
http://findability.org/archives/000652.php
Multi-Channel

Cross-Channel

SERVICE

SERVICE
+

+

Adapted from Cross-Platform Service User Experience
portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1851637

175
Today’s “service systems” may include interrelated
sub-systems (e.g., person-to-person, self-service)
across multiple locations, devices, and channels; and
customer satisfaction is “influenced by the extent of
integration and consistency” across those channels.
Bridging the “Front Stage” and “Back Stage” in Service System
Design by Robert J. Glushko and Lindsay Tabas

176
Craft beautiful designs that deliver a quality experience
to your users no matter how large (or small) their display.
1.  Fluid Grids
2.  Flexible Images
3.  Media Queries

177
178
Why Separate Mobile & Desktop Web Pages at Bagcheck?
With a dual template system, we were able to optimize:
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 

Source Order
Media (Speed, Quality, Interaction)
URL Structure
Application Design

Navigation
at Top

Navigation at
Bottom

179
Mobile

Source: Mobile First (2011) by Luke Wroblewski

180
Source: Mobile First (2011) by Luke Wroblewski

181
182
183
Transmedia Design by Jakob Nielsen
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/3-screens-transmedia.html

“The highest-value use will stay predominantly on desktop.”
PC
Big Screens
Better Input Devices
Faster Bandwidth
Hardware Oomph
Software Maturity
Printing

Mobile
“The best computer is the
one you have with you.”

“Most companies must support both device classes
…with separate UI designs.”
184
To make the right decisions about composition and
consistency, you need a cross-channel strategy.

185
Email

Web

Store

Catalog

Content Creators

186

Phone
Over 50% of REI
online business is
picked up in a store.
187
188
189
Barcode
Identifies a Product (e.g. Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes 14 oz.)

QR Code
Initiates a Response (e.g., URL, Message, Phone, SMS, Email)

190
Information Architecture Workshop
Price Check
Product Detail
Endless Aisle

192
Continuity

193
Conflict

194
Context

195
196
197
198
Source: delightability.com

199
Mental Models
Tasks

Features
http://www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/mental-models/

200
201
Cross-Channel
We must leave our
comfort zones, cross-train,
and collaborate.

Marathon

Triathlon

202
What is Information Architecture?

http://www.maya.com/the-feed/what-is-information-architecture

203
http://is.gd/iaprezi
205
Peter Morville
morville@semanticstudios.com
Understanding IA (Prezi)
http://is.gd/iaprezi
Blog
http://findability.org/
Twitter
@morville
206

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Information Architecture Workshop

  • 1. Peter Morville, Internet Librarian 2013 1
  • 2. 2
  • 3. 3
  • 4. Design for Discovery Search Patterns Peter Morville & Jeffery Callender 4
  • 5. Agenda Intro to IA Governance & Culture Search & Libraries Cross-Channel (Mobile) Concepts, Cases, Conversations 5
  • 6. 6
  • 7. What architects do for buildings, information architects do for…
  • 8. in•for•ma•tion ar•chi•tec•ture n The structural design of information systems, interactive services, and user experiences. The organization, search, and navigation systems that help people to complete tasks, find what they need, and understand what they’ve found.
  • 9. The fast parts learn, propose, and absorb shocks; the slow parts remember, integrate, and constrain. The fast parts get all the attention. The slow parts have all the power. Steward Brand on “Pace Layering”
  • 11. 11
  • 12. “Categorization is not a matter to be taken lightly. There is nothing more basic than categorization to our thought, perception, action, and speech.” 12
  • 13. 13
  • 14. 14
  • 15. There is one timeless way of building. It is thousands of years old, and the same today as it has always been. The great traditional buildings of the past, the villages and tents and temples in which man feels at home, have always been made by people who were very close to the center of this way. It is not possible to make great buildings, or great towns, beautiful places, places where you feel yourself, places where you feel alive, except by following this way. And, as you will see, this way will lead anyone who looks for it to buildings which are themselves as ancient in their form, as the trees and hills, and as our faces are. The Timeless Way of Building Christopher Alexander 15
  • 16. Window Place (180) Everybody loves window seats, bay windows, and big windows with low sills and comfortable chairs drawn up to them. May be part of: • Entrance Room (130) • Zen View (134) • Light on Two Sides (159) • Street Windows (164) May contain: • Alcoves (179) • Low Sill (222) • Built-In Seats (202) • Deep Reveals (223) A Pattern Language Christopher Alexander et al. 16
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  • 26. Bill Verplank, IxD11 Opening Keynote, http://vimeo.com/20285615 (00:19:30) 26
  • 27. Process 1.  Background research and planning. 2.  Audience analysis (user roles and goals). 3.  Site evaluation. 4.  Site and search analytics. 5.  Content and metadata analysis. 6.  Competitive and comparative analysis. 7.  Internal meetings (and presentations). 8.  Stakeholder interviews. 9.  User research sessions. 10. Information architecture design. 27
  • 28. goals, strategy, brand, process, technology, resources, politics, culture… objects, types, metadata, structure, relationships, source, volume, growth audiences, user needs, use cases, mental models, vocabulary, behavior 28
  • 29. “Desire Lines” Photo: Berkeley Path Gallery by Kevin Fox 29
  • 30. User Research (Outside-In) •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  Surveys Focus Groups Personas Usability Testing Interviews Card Sorting Ethnography Mental Models •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  Usage Logs Search Analytics A/B Testing Prototyping Alpha / Beta Customer Support Eyetracking Participatory Design 30
  • 31. IA is the Art of Synthesis Goals and Scope (RFP, Functional Specifications) Constraints (Schedule, Budget, Technology, Politics) Project-Specific Research (Users, Content, Context) Competitive Analysis (Legalized Cheating) What We Know (Education, Expertise, Experience) Guidelines (Three Click Rule, Users Don’t Scroll) Design Research (HCI, LIS, IR, Academic, Corporate) Project-Specific Testing (Usability) 31
  • 33. Deliverables •  Strategy brief that presents findings and analysis of the research process and recommends a user experience strategy focused on user roles and goals. •  Suite of information architecture wireframes specifying page-level structure and navigation for major interfaces and page types. •  Final report that integrates results and analysis, strategy and recommendations, user experience flows, wireframes, and requirements. 33
  • 36. 36
  • 37. Visual Thinking Unwritten Rule #1 “Whoever best describes a problem is the person most likely to solve the problem. …or, whoever draws the best picture gets the funding.” 37
  • 39. 39
  • 40. 40
  • 41. The Right Way to Wireframe http://blog.semanticfoundry.com/2009/01/01/ http://konigi.com/notebook/all-right-way-wireframe-videos 41 Shades of Gray The Right Way to Wireframe
  • 42. 42
  • 43. 43
  • 44. Cancer.gov Redesign Goals •  Improve overall ease of use. •  Improve image and identity. •  Target content to key audiences. •  Remove non-clickable bullets. •  Reduce number of clicks. Melanoma Home Page 1 NCI Home 3 2 Cancer Information Types of Cancer 44
  • 45. Findability Facts •  For every search on cancer.gov, there are over 100 cancer-related searches on public search engines. •  Of these searches, 70% are on specific types of cancer.45
  • 46. 46
  • 48. 600,000 visitors 2.5 million page views 12.5% mobile, 50% annual growth rate
  • 51. 51
  • 52. Project Overview Goals Develop a user-centered web strategy and an information architecture framework for Kresge. Process •  Analytics •  Expert Review •  User Research (6) •  Stakeholder Interviews (28) •  Comparative Analysis Deliverables •  Strategy Report •  Wireframes 52
  • 53. Report & Presentation Project Overview Research Highlights •  •  •  Users Stakeholders Expert Review Strategy Brief •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  Web Strategy Information Architecture Content Strategy Social Media Multimedia Grants Database Online Application (Public) Search Engine Optimization Wireframes 1.  2.  3.  4.  5.  Home Program Focus Area About Us Search Next Steps Questions / Discussion 53
  • 54. Site Map Home Browse by Task & Topic Apply for a Grant Detroit Education Environment Blog Contact Us Community Development Our Funding Strategies News & Media Arts & Culture About Us Browse by Program Search Grants Database Library Health 54 Human Services
  • 55. Wireframes Search Arts & Culture Programs About Us Grants Library News & Media Community Development Detroit Education Search Search Search Term(s) arts Environment Pages •  Home •  Program •  Focus Area •  About Us •  Search Health Recommended Results Home > About Us Human Services About Us Quick Links Arts & Culture Program We seek to build vibrant communities enlivened by the presence of healthy arts and culture organizations and creative artists that together encourage participation in and support for all forms of cultural expression. kresge.org/programs/artsandculture/ About Us Programs Who We Are Mission & Values Our History Grants Library News & Media The Kresge Foundation is a $3.1 billion private, national Print | Share | Subscribe Apply for a Grant President's Corner Grants Database Rip Rapson A message from the president of The Kresge Foundation. foundation that seeks to influence the quality of life for future generations through its support of nonprofit organizations in six President's Corner fields of interest: health, the environment, community Our Headquarters Our Funding Methods Employment (Jobs) development, arts and culture, education and human services. 3215 West Big Beaver Road Troy, Michigan 48084 Employment (Jobs) Grants Library News & Media Print | Share | Subscribe Education Results 1-10 of 215 Board of Trustees Programs Home > Programs > Education Annual Report Kresge Staff Arts and Community Building | Arts & Culture Program | The Kresge Foundation Across the country, communities of all sizes are using the unique power of arts and culture to re-charge and re-build. But these efforts are not systematic, ... www.kresge.org/index.php/.../arts.../arts_and_community_building/ Maps & Directions What We Do Annual Report Programs Governance Our Green HQ Kresge Staff Grantee Spotlight Maps & Directions We are headquartered in metropolitan Detroit, in the suburb community of Troy, Michigan. In 2009, the Board of Trustees Board of Trustees approved 404 awards totaling $197 million; $167 million was Blog paid out to grantees over the course of the year. Facebook Committee Charters Code of Conduct (Staff) Code of Ethics (Trustees) Quick Facts Established in 1924 by Sebastian Spering Kresge. Recently expanded beyond signature challenge grant. Distributed $167 million to grantees in 2009. Fiscal year 2009 assets valued at $3.1 billion. News & Commentary Recent News | Blog Posts | Tweets Twitter High School-level Programs Raise Awareness of Occupational Health and Safety Risks for Young People YouTube Kresge Announces Strategy To Increase College Graduates in the U.S. Program Overview access and success in the following three focus areas: • Eligibility Calendar & Deadlines underrepresented students – especially low-income, first Recent Grants generation and African American, Latino and Native American Search 1 2 3 Blog Post: Positive Trends in Postsecondary Education More: News | Blog students – into two- and four-year institutions, and increase the Quick Links number of students who ultimately graduate. We are interested Apply for a Grant Stay Connected primarily in national, regional, or state- or consortium-based Education Blog efforts that serve large numbers of students. We make few, if Contact Us Blog any, grants to individual institutions or organizations for small- Facebook scale programs serving limited numbers of students. Library > Education Resources • Changing the Odds: Lessons Learned from the Kresge HBCU Initiative (PDF) Flickr Strengthening Institutions – To help increase the number of RSS college graduates in the United States, the Education Team Twitter works to build the capacity of postsecondary institutions that KnowHow2Go YouTube predominately serve low-income, underrepresented and first generation college students, particularly community colleges Search and minority-serving institutions, such as Historically Black Library Colleges and Universities, Hispanic-serving institutions and News & Media Tribal colleges and universities, Title III and Title V institutions, Community Development << Previous Detroit Grantee Spotlight: Oregon College of Art & Craft Pathways for Students – We seek to propel more Campus Green Builder Institutional Capitalization > What We Do > The Kresge Foundation The vitality of arts and cultural institutions and their capacity to serve the public are often threatened by weak finances. In assessing financial health, ... Programs Arts & Culture About Us Grants www.kresge.org/index.php/what/arts.../institutional_capitalization/ - Cached In 1924, Sebastian Spering Kresge established the foundation... New Strategy to Increase the Number of College Graduates The Education Program focuses its work on supporting postsecondary Application Process Area Arts and Culture Organizations To Benefit from $6 Million in ... “Arts and cultural organizations enrich the fabric of daily life, nurture individual development, strengthen communities and contribute to the regional ... www.kresge.org/.../article/Area_Arts_and_Culture_Organizations_To_Benefit More >> Program Overview Page Sections Human Services, Health, and Arts and Culture Organizations, Among ... Aug 25, 2009 ... Grants were made in Kresge's six fields of interest – human services, health, arts and culture, education, community development and the ... www.kresge.org/.../article/human_services_health_and_arts_and_culture... Kresge Awards $3 Million for the Health Clinic Opportunity Fund productivity and foster innovation in higher education. News & Commentary Kresge Community Arts Program Calls for Applications; $100000 in ... Jan 26, 2010 ... The Kresge Foundation is calling for applications for year-two of Kresge Community Arts, a national community arts and engagement project ... www.kresge.org/.../article/kresge_community_arts_program_calls_for... RSS Julian A. Haynes Program Associate students, and promoting systems and technology that increase South Africa New Program Promotes Art and Cultural Projects in Economically ... Jul 30, 2009 ... $600000 in grant funding from The Kresge Foundation will encourage city residents and organizations to use art and culture as a tool for ... www.kresge.org/.../article/new_program_promotes_art_and_cultural_projects... Flickr Caroline Altman Smith Program Officer whose primary mission is to educate low-income and underrepresented Initiatives Arts and Culture Program Seeks Preliminary Applications for the ... Jul 30, 2010 ... The Kresge Foundation's Arts and Culture Program is inviting preliminary applications for its Facility Investments and Building Reserves ... www.kresge.org/.../article/arts_and_culture_program_seeks_preliminary... Stay Connected Bylaws success. This is being accomplished by supporting pathways to and through college, building the capacity of postsecondary institutions Kresge Arts Support > What We Do > The Kresge Foundation Call for applications: Small and mid-size arts and cultural organizations in Wayne, Oakland and Macomb counties are invited to apply now for operating ... www.kresge.org/index.php/what/detroit.../kresge_arts_support/ Our Funding Methods William F.L. Moses Program Director student access to higher education and avenues for their academic Productivity Kresge Announces New National Strategy for Arts and Culture ... Apr 19, 2010 ... The Kresge Foundation announces today a new national strategy for its Arts and Culture Program that fosters the long-term financial ... www.kresge.org/.../article/kresge_announces_new_national_strategy_for_arts... Financial Statements Education Program Team The Kresge Foundation focuses its Education Program on expanding Pathways for Students “A Different View of Detroit” > President's Corner > The Kresge ... ... of work within this category – strategies to improve the opportunities in Detroit's neighborhoods and to promote a robust arts and culture environment. ... www.kresge.org/index.../article/a_different_view_of_detroit/ Contact Us Glossary of Kresge Terms Focus Areas Strengthening Institutions Contact Us and special mission institutions. 4 5 Next >> ... Education Application Process About Us Programs Grants Library News & Media Environment Print | Share | Subscribe This section explains whether or not unsolicited applications are About Us Education: Pathways for Students Programs Grants Library Stay Connected Kresge Staff Arts & Culture Apply for a Grant Explore Our Library Blog Board of Trustees Home > Programs > Education > Pathways for Students Caveats •  Visual Design •  Starting Point Search About Us Kresge Arts in Detroit A three-part effort designed to support and develop individual artists, arts and cultural organizations and arts-infrastructure groups in metropolitan Detroit’s Wayne, Oakland and Macomb counties. kresge.org/artsindetroit/ Community Development Grants Database Annual Report Detroit The Kresge Glossary Health Human Services Focus Area Overview Application Process Eligibility Calendar & Deadlines propelling more students – especially low-income, first generation and President's Corner Education Recent News Twitter Media Contacts YouTube Maps & Directions Human Services Education Program Team William F.L. Moses Program Director African American, Latino and Native American students – into two- and four-year institutions, and increasing the number of students who Caroline Altman Smith Program Officer Apply for a Grant High School-level Programs Raise Awareness of Occupational Home | About Us | Programs | Grants | Library Health & Media | Site Map for Young People | News and Safety Risks | Contact Us Annual Report Kresge Awards $3 Million for the Health Clinic Opportunity Fund Apply for a Grant Education Blog Contact Us Employment (Jobs) • Kresge Grantees Launch Site on Climate-Change Adaptation Maps & Directions Call for Applications: $4.5 Million Available to Detroit-Area Arts and Cultural Organizations Many of our target students are the first in their families to attend Contact Us college, and their families are often intimidated by the potential costs of Who may apply? Kresge Announces Strategy To Increase College Graduates in the U.S. Focus Area Overview Quick Links Facebook More >> RSS & Email Twitter YouTube a college education and bewildered by the complexities of navigating the Focus Area Link (Optional) Focus Area Link (Optional) Focus Area Link (Optional) 501(c)(3) organizations based in the United States that are not classified as private foundations • Flickr International organizations that are the equivalent of a 501(c) ... Calendar & Deadlines This section presents dates and deadlines that apply to the whole program and/or links to dates and deadlines at the focus area or initiative level. financial aid and admissions process. Once accepted to college, and Library > Education Resources Eligibility Blog 3215 West Big Beaver Road, Troy, Michigan 48084 President's Corner © The Kresge Foundation. All Rights Reserved. Julian A. Haynes Program Associate ... Stay Connected Recent News Grants Database Our Funding Methods ultimately graduate. Recent Grants links to the eligibility and deadline sections and the online application. RSS & Email Environment Quick Links Health Foundation Blog Employment (Jobs) The primary goal of improving postsecondary access and success is identify the focus area or initiative that fits their mission, and provides Flickr Our Funding Strategies Page Sections encouraged (by this program), recommends that prospective applicants Facebook News & Media ... despite often good high-school records, many students lack the skills to compete successfully in college-level courses. Recent Grants Studies show that nearly half of all community college students enroll in at least one developmental education course, typically in remedial math, View All Education Grants | Search Grants Database Focus Area Approved Pathways for Students $2,125,000 17 $125,000 Strengthening Institutions $2,750,000 20 $135,000 Productivity $475,050 5 $95,000 South Africa $465,075 3 $155,000 Number of Grants Average Grant reading or writing. Many students also juggle significant work and family responsibilities that complicate their ability to complete degrees. We seek to support networks of colleges, research organizations, community-based organizations, and two- and four-year colleges that are engaged primarily in increasing the numbers of underrepresented students entering and graduating from college by removing the barriers described above. Home | About Us | Programs | Grants | Library | News & Media | Site Map | Contact Us 3215 West Big Beaver Road, Troy, Michigan 48084 © The Kresge Foundation. All Rights Reserved. Our goal is to fund programs that foster the following: • College readiness and/or increase awareness of and access to financial aid • About Us Programs Grants Library Stay Connected Kresge Staff Research and models on how to remove barriers to student Arts & Culture Apply for a Grant Explore Our Library Blog News & Media Flickr Recent News RSS & Email Board of Trustees Grants Database Detroit The Kresge Glossary President's Corner Education Our Funding Methods Environment Foundation Blog Twitter Employment (Jobs) Health Media Contacts YouTube Maps & Directions 55 Community Development Annual Report success ... Human Services Facebook Home | About Us | Programs | Grants | Library | News & Media | Site Map | Contact Us 3215 West Big Beaver Road, Troy, Michigan 48084 © The Kresge Foundation. All Rights Reserved.
  • 56. Home Search Arts & Culture Programs About Us Grants Library News & Media •  Program Areas (7) •  Global Navigation •  Quick Links •  News •  Community Development Social Media •  Search •  Images + Interaction Detroit Education Environment Health Human Services Quick Links Apply for a Grant Grants Database Recent News Annual Report High School-level Programs Raise Awareness of Occupational Health and Safety Risks for Young People President's Corner Kresge Awards $3 Million for the Health Clinic Opportunity Fund Our Funding Methods Kresge Announces Strategy To Increase College Graduates in the U.S. Employment (Jobs) Kresge Grantees Launch Site on Climate-Change Adaptation Maps & Directions Call for Applications: $4.5 Million Available to Detroit-Area Arts and Cultural Organizations Stay Connected Contact Us Blog Facebook Flickr More >> RSS & Email Twitter YouTube Home | About Us | Programs | Grants | Library | News & Media | Site Map | Contact Us 3215 West Big Beaver Road, Troy, Michigan 48084 © The Kresge Foundation. All Rights Reserved. 56
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  • 61. THINGS ON THE FRONT PAGE OF A UNIVERSITY WEBSITE Campus Photo Slideshow Press Releases Statement of the School's Philosophy Letter from the President Virtual Tour Faculty Phone Numbers & Emails Name of School Alumni in the News THINGS PEOPLE GO TO THE SITE LOOKING FOR Application Forms Faculty Profiles Department & Course Lists Course Registration Academic Calendar Parking Information Usable Campus Map Adapted from http://xkcd.com/773/61 Campus Address
  • 62. Artifacts Visible organizational structures and processes (hard to decipher) Espoused Values Strategies, goals, philosophies, justifications Underlying Assumptions Unconscious, taken for granted beliefs, perceptions, thoughts, feelings (source of values, action) Three Levels of Culture 62
  • 63. It is difficult to overstate the extent to which most managers and the people who advise them believe in the redemptive power of rewards. Rewards undermine the processes they are intended to enhance. Extrinsic motivators do not alter the attitudes underlying behaviors. People who do exceptional work may be glad to be paid and even more glad to be well paid, but they do not work to collect a paycheck. They work because they love what they do. Why Incentive Plans Cannot Work by Alfie Kohn (1993) http://hbr.org/archive-toc/BR9309 63
  • 64. The building of the railroads (and the telegraph system) made possible this growth of the great industrial enterprise (from about 1850 to 1950). “The need (for divisionalization and decentralization) did not result from the larger size of the enterprise per se. It came rather from the increasing diversity and complexity of decisions that senior managers had to make.” Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. (1962) 64
  • 66. “Customers are adopting disruptive technologies faster than companies can adapt.” “The individuals who make up the company must be fully conscious of the job that they are doing for customers… (and of) the jobs customers are trying to do.” 66
  • 67. Pods Small, agile, autonomous teams that are “authorized to represent the company and deliver results to customers.” Pods are flexible, fast, scalable, and resilient. Pods are designed so that decisions and changes can be made as quickly and as close to customers as possible. 67
  • 68. “A platform is a government.” “When it comes to language, protocols, culture, and values, you don’t want variability, you want consistency.” “Backbone activities are about coordination and consistency. Backbones should be as lightweight as possible.” 68
  • 69. 69
  • 70. 70
  • 71. Systems thinking looks at relationships (rather than unrelated objects), connectedness, process (rather than structure), the whole (rather than just its parts), the patterns (rather than the contents) of a system, and context. Thinking systematically also requires several shifts in perception, which lead in turn to different ways to teach, and different ways to organize society 71
  • 72. “There is a problem in discussing systems only with words. Words and sentences must, by necessity, come only one a time in linear, logical order. Systems happen all at once. They are connected not just in one direction, but in many directions simultaneously. To discuss them properly, it is necessary to use a language that shares some of the same properties as the phenomena under discussion.”
  • 73. “If a factory is torn down but the rationality which produced it is left standing, then that rationality will simply produce another factory. If a revolution destroys a government, but the systematic patterns of thought that produced that government are left intact, then those patterns will repeat themselves… There’s so much talk about the system. And so little understanding.” 73
  • 75. 75
  • 76. 76
  • 78. 78
  • 79. Fragmentation Fragmentation into multiple sites, domains, and identities is clearly a major problem. Users don’t know which site to visit for which purpose. Findability Users can’t find what they need from the home page, but most users don’t come through the front door. They enter via a web search or a deep link, and are confused by what they find. Even worse, most never use the Library, because its resources aren’t easily findable.
  • 80. Web Strategy Web 1.  One Library 2.  Core Areas Online Onsite Library Congress (about/for) National Library Copyright Hierarchy 3.  Network Intelligence top-down + Network bottom-up 80
  • 81. Experience Across Channels Search for Resources Check Reading Room Hours Get Directions Review Resources Read & Synthesize Continue Research Request Assistance Catalog Website Website Reading Room Notes & Copies Catalog Website Researcher Desktop Take Notes Laptop Make Copies Mobile Ask for Help Phone Library Librarian 81 Ask a Librarian
  • 83. Wireframes Library of Congress myLOC | Marti Janes | Sign Out Library of Congress Set by Jen Brown Your Search: Women's Suffrage (Set) Comments (7) Refine Your Search Available Online (625) Search ? GO This Set New Search - Interfaces •  Portal •  Search •  Object •  Set •  Page Caveats •  Visual Design •  Starting Point Print | Save | Share | Subscribe | Add to Set | Rights & Access | Ask a Librarian Search Search GO All Categories Newspapers/Magazines (122) Additional Items/Views - The Gettysburg Address (Web Guide) Online guide to primary documents. Includes selected bibliography and links to external web sites. Format, Online Results page 1 of 78,810 results Images (545) Social Sciences (1) + Source Show All - Subject History, United States (35,724) Lincoln, Abraham (18,545) Bain Collection (41,450) No description available. Relevance The Gettysburg Address 2010, Collection Of the five known manuscript copies of the Gettysburg Address, the Library of Congress has two. President Lincoln gave one of these to ... Collections Suffrage for women 1871, Book (Full Text, Image), by John Stuart Mill + Author / Creator Sort by Video (25) View All (3) Three women attaching "Votes for women" poster to telephone pole; beach in background. Display List | Gallery | Grid | Slide | Map | Timeline Print | Save | Share | Subscribe | Add to Set | Ask a Librarian Audio (27) Suffrage campaign days in New Jersey Between 1914-1920, Photograph Government, Politics & Law (1) The Abraham Lincoln Papers Roughly 20,000 documents including an online collection of 61,000 images and 10,000 transcriptions. Show All sources sent to the White House regarding the use of President ... Subject The Gettysburg Address Multimedia exhibition featuring the key documents linked to Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. Maps (135) Penn[sylvania] on the picket line 1917, Photograph (Image) A mix of letters, telegrams, and sample advertisements from various American History (1) Search Tips | Advanced Search Recommended Manuscripts (337) Custom Sort Meade School, Gettysburg Format, Online Images (1) Within Results Photographs (664) GO All Categories Format, Original Books (2,632) Search Tips | Advanced Search Library of Map | Timeline Display List | Gallery | Grid | Slide |Congress Results page 1 of 3 results Books (1) - Within Results Search Tips | Advanced | myLOC | Marti Janes | Sign Out Format, Original Photographs (2) - ? New Search Refine Your Search Available Online (1) myLOC | Sign In | Register Your Search: gettysburg Women's Suffrage Gettysburg Address: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual ... 2009, Collection Gettysburg Address: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Services and Programs, Digital Reference Section, Library of Congress) Maps & Geography (2,105) Show All Civil War Soldiers (785) - Related Resources Source Images for gettysburg Online Catalog (2,668) Browse neighboring items (by call number) Check for online group record Abraham Lincoln Papers (1,701) Congress/Legislative (6) Show All Similar Items Print | Save | Share | Subscribe | Add to Set | All Sizes | Obtain Copies | Rights & Access | Ask a Librarian Library of Congress myLOC | Marti Janes | Sign Out Access Collection - About the Collection Introductory Presentation Title: Meade School, Gettysburg Guide to People, Organizations, Author/Creator: Bain News Service publisher and Topics Date Created/Published: [between 1900 and 1906] Bibliography Selected Library Collection Connections Medium: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. Show All Spanish / Español (21) of Congress Quick Links Working with the Collection About the Library Search Sets The National Library - of Set #1 (95) the United States of America Set #2 (335) Set #3 (82) Show All - Show All BobMeade says: - Gettysburg--A battlefield tour 1988, Moving Image or Slide/Transparency (Video), produced by Finley ... Hours + LC Classification On November 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivered a short speech at the close of ceremonies dedicating the battlefield cemetery ... Ask a Librarian + Rights & Permissions Preservation of Lincoln's Two Drafts - The Gettysburg Address ... Highlights > 2008, Set In order to assure the long-term preservation of the two drafts of Lincoln's - Set Celebrate the Joy of Reading Gettysburg Address (137) Wise Guide to loc.gov Battlefield Photos (120) Webcasts from the Library Lincoln Manuscripts (95) Gettysburg Address in the Library of Congress collections ... The Gettysburg campaign; a study in command. 1968, Book, by Edwin B. Coddington Show All News > xviii, 866 p. illus., facsim., plans, ports. 24 cm. Look Inside: Page: 1, 2, 5, View All December Film Series - Tag Paulbattle (137) Awarded McCartney Gershwin Prize address (120) The Gettysburg Address battlefield (95) The LOC.GOV Wise Guide : Turning Point of the Civil War ... 2007, Collection The battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) is considered the turning point of the Civil War. Gen. Robert E. Lee's defeat by the Army of the ... Show All Popular > SEARCH SHARE VISIT Related Searches 1. 2. The Constitution 4. Civil War 5. Frieze Patterns 6. gettysburg facts gettysburg ghosts antietam Native Americans 9. Slave Narratives 2 3 4 5 Next Abraham Lincoln 8. 1 Barack Obama 7. Exhibitions > Connect Find us on Exploring the Early Americas Creating the United States 10. John Hanson Subscribe & Comment Download & Play Questions RSS & Email | Blogs Podcasts | Webcasts | iTunes U Ask a Librarian | Contact Us Library of Congress Thanks for your comments. We'll incorporate the date and other info. noticed on the neg. next time we update. About the Library Find Was this reply helpful? us on Yes Subscribe & Comment Report this Download & Play RSS & Email | Blogs No Podcasts | Webcasts | iTunes U Programs & Services Our Collection Browse by Topic The Library's Mission Connect Copyright Search Arts & Culture Congress/Legislative Library Catalogs Business Collections Engineering History of the Library Questions Fascinating Facts Ask a Librarian | Contact Us Pixel Wrangler says: Center for the Book Exhibits Hours Home | About | FAQ | Site Map | Contact | Press | Accessibility | Legal | USA.gov Meade School was named to honor General George Gordon Meade who directed the Union army in one of its greatest battles, defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg. A Service of the Library of Congress John W. Kluge Center Maps, Directions, Floor Plans Law Library Browse by Format Library Tours Veterans History Project Audio World Digital Library Books Calendar of Events The monument at the left of the photograph (above) is the 26th Pennsylvania Emergency Infantry Monument. A monument to General Meade is located at the nearby battlefield: Shop the Library All Programs & Services A-Z Support the Library Popular Offices & Divisions "Gen. Meade - Gettysburg (LOC)" by William H. Tipton Organization of the Library 1. Civil War 2. Great Depression Press Room Yes No Report this 4. Thomas Jefferson Jobs & Fellowships Was this comment helpful? 3. The Constitution News & Highlights Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink ) gettysburg pictures gettysburg college gettysburg confederate Thomas Jefferson Name (e.g., Famous People) gettysburg address battle of gettysburg gettysburg civil war Great Depression 3. Anne (LOC P&P) says: Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink ) 2010, Collection On November 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivered a short speech at the close of ceremonies dedicating the battlefield cemetery ... Geography & Map (109) Library Tours Show All Maps, Directions, Floor Plans Language Collections > Today in History: November 19 Library Location Jefferson or Adams (5,102) Visit the Library > Location (e.g., California) Did view Know? > This building is certainly still there, as this Google maps aerial You shows at the intersection of American Folklife Springs Aveneu and Buford Avenue: maps.google.com.au/maps?f=q&source=s_q& hl=en&... Did you know that the The Civil War Pilgrims weren't the first to The Declaration of Independence Yes No Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink ) Was this reply helpful? celebrate Thanksgiving? Report this GO Search Tips | Advanced Search Date Teachers Images in Prosperity and Thrift Subject Please note that the Nicolay and Hay versions of the Gettysburg Address differ somewhat from the generally printed Bliss version.) ... Washington DC, US (21) Author Science Public Selling Mrs. ConsumerThis says "Meade School" at lower left. It's the Meade High School in Gettysburg, which opened in 1897. Social Science Librarians 1929, Manuscript (Full I don't know ifby Christine Frederick Text, Image), it's still in use. Sports & Recreation Publishers Selling Mrs. Consumer analyzes the relationship between women and Yes No Posted 9 author, Christine Frederick,Reply a ... Was this commentResearchers helpful? Report this World Culture the consumer economy. The months ago. ( permalink ) was Transcript of the HayDraft - The Gettysburg Address (Library of ... 2010, Collection myLOC | Sign In | Register Geographic Location New York, US (35) All Show Categories All (76) | Add to Set Calendar of Events How to View Each Format Title from data provided by the Bain News Service on the negative. Date from similar Detroit How to Order Copies Hours & Locations Tags Publishing Co. negative: LC-D4-16-16583. the Digital Collection Building Jobs & Fellowships Spotlight Copyright and Other Restrictions On negative: Meade Sq., Gettysburg. Library of Congress Library Catalogs Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (LibraryShop the Library of Congress). Gettysburg 1913 General information about the Bain Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain Browse by Support the Library About the Collection Meade Visit the Library Prosperity and Thrift: The Coolidge Era and the Consumer Economy, Temp. note: Batch three loaded. Subject Index 1921-1929 assembles a Civil War wide array of Library of Congress source materials from the Subjects: document the 1920s that Contact Us Great Reunion Title Index widespread prosperity of the Coolidge years, the nation's transition toGettysburg a mass consumer architecture battlefield economy, and the role of government in this transition. The collection includes... Read more Format, Original: Programs & Services > Topics General George Gordon Meade View All Formats > Glass negatives George Gordon Meade Congress Format, Online: Arts & Culture Audio Your Search: Prosperity and Thrift (Collection) Comments (5) Schools Current and historical Image (2592 x 1936) Business Meade School Books legislative information. Engineering Images Collections: Pennsylvania Refine Your Search This Collection GO Search Geography Detroit Photographic Co. Manuscripts Bain Collection, Civil War Soliders Copyright Available Online (125) ? 26th Pennsylvania Emergency Government Maps Bookmark This Record: Results New Search Within Search Tips | Advanced Search Services and information from Infantry Monument Health Newspapers the U.S. Copyright Office. http://loc.gov/pictures/item/ggb2005013836 Monuments - Format, Original History, International Photographs Results page 1 of 455 results Display List | Gallery | Grid | Slide | Map | Timeline Photographs (194) Center for the Book Show machine tags (2) History, United States Poetry View a Comment Relevance Add Add to Set | Rights & this item. Print | Save | Share | Subscribe | the MARC Record for Access | Ask a Librarian Manuscripts (87) John W. Kluge Center Journalism Prints/Posters Add a Tag Maps (35) Law Library Law & Legislation Sheet Music Newspapers/Magazines (22) Veterans History Project Calvin Coolidge Papers. Advertisement Exploitation Literature Video/Films Books (19) World Digital Library 1923-1928, Set Philosophy Show All A mix of letters, telegrams, and sample advertisements from various Psychology Explore By sources sent to the White House regarding the use of President ... Especially For... rjones0856 says: Religion Format, Online 1935, Non-Music Recording (Audio), performed by Raymond Massey Linguaphone 76743/744 (78A). 1 sound disc : 78 rpm, mono ; 10-inch, standard (shellac). Language English (35) Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. Video (25) known of the five drafts of what may be the most famous ... Raymond Massey reading Lincoln's Gettysburg Address - Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ggbain-13836 (digital file from original negative) Audio (27) First Draft of Gettysburg Address (Nicolay Copy) 1863, Manucript (Image) Top Treasure (First Draft of Gettysburg Address). Seen here is the earliest 1800s (21) Add a Tag Viewed 2,745 times Collection Details Images (85) describes the dedication of the cemetery to the fallen soldiers by ... Date Statistics About - Story of the Gettysburg address 1969, Book, by Kenneth Richards, illustrated by Tom Dunnington Traces the events which led to the Battle of Gettysburg in 1864 and Show All 1900s (35) Prosperity and Thrift: The Coolidge Era and the Consumer Economy, 1921-1929 Notes: Author / Creator U.S. Congress (10) Gallagher, Gary W. (11) Show All (35) Online - Image (2592 x 1936) Prints and Photographs Division (Available) -- Map & Directions, Floor Plan Search for This Item at Libraries Near You Call Number: LC-B2- 2789-5 [P&P] - Similar Item #1 Similar Item #2 Similar Item #3 Similar Item #4 Similar Item #5 5. 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  • 84. “Give me a fulcrum and a place to stand, and I will move the world.” —Archimedes Portal Dis ut o Ab Brand Paths Patterns Incentives co ve ry Users Find Search Ask Objects Federated Faceted Fast Goal Gateway Collection Browse Findable Social 84
  • 85. 85
  • 86. Faceted Metadata Drives Search + Browse 86 86
  • 87. Where architects use forms and spaces to design environments for inhabitation, information architects use nodes and links to create environments for understanding. Jorge Arango, Architectures 87
  • 88. Process & Deliverables Projects 1.  National Library (loc.gov) 2.  Legislative (congress.gov) 3.  Copyright (copyright.gov) Discovery •  •  •  Users Stakeholders Content & Context Deliverables •  •  •  Web Strategy Information Architecture Roadmap Working Groups •  •  •  •  Search Content Metadata Governance Timeline •  •  •  •  Evaluation (3 months, 2009) Web Strategy (3 months, 2010) IA (12 months, 2011) Design/Build (ongoing, 2011-) 88
  • 90. 90
  • 91. Design for Discovery “Search is among the most disruptive innovations of our time. It influences what we buy and where we go. It shapes how we learn and what we believe.” Search Patterns Peter Morville & Jeffery Callender 91
  • 92. Most of the complaints we get are due to the way users search; they use the wrong keywords. t's ght. I t's Ri Tha rs! Yeah. d Use Stupi e thos 92
  • 93. Marcia Bates: Berrypicking, Evolving Search (1989) 93
  • 94. Search is a… Complex, Adaptive System Goals Psychology Behavior Interaction Affordances Language Features Technology Algorithms Indexing Structure Metadata Tools Process Incentives Interface Query Results Engine Content Users Source: Search Patterns (2010) Creators 94
  • 95. Principles of Design Incremental Construction Progressive Disclosure Immediate Response Predictability Alternate Views Recognition Over Recall Minimal Disruption Direct Manipulation Context of Use User Information Interface 95
  • 96. Incremental Construction Progressive Disclosure one step at a time… more within reach… 96
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  • 104. Design Patterns Auto-Complete Federated Search Query Results Qu... Results Destination Suggestions Best First Faceted Navigation Query Results Query Advanced Search Results Structured Results AND Results Query Map OR NOT 104 Results
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  • 107. Best First Query Results In search, results must be simple, fast, and relevant. 107
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  • 112. Federated Search Query Results Because users don’t know where to 112 look.
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  • 115. Faceted Navigation Query Results Results Multiple ways to search (and browse) in combination. 115
  • 116. "laptop" > $910 - $1070 > Hewlett Packard > At least 1 GB > 14 - 15 Inch > Bluetooth > 4 - 5 lbs 116
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  • 132. Library Portal Survey According to a survey of students, faculty, and staff, search and discovery is the #1 problem. “I think it’s better to have everything in one searching system than parceled out into different ones.” “The search is not very smart. You get thousands of seemingly unrelated responses.” “(We need) better discovery tools that integrate electronic articles with books and manuscripts.” “(The Library should) prioritize search over all else.” 132
  • 133. Regardless of all the time and effort libraries put into providing a variety of research tools and resources on their websites, the literature suggests that students still prefer to start their research using Google or some other form of search engine. It is clear that there is an overwhelming preference for easy to use, familiar search tools that transcend education level, discipline of study, and student demographics. Discovery Layers and the Distance Student Jessica Mussell (2012) 133
  • 134. Google Scholar Strengths •  Fast, easy, familiar •  Cross-disciplinary searching •  Links to citing and related articles Weaknesses •  No “advanced search” functionality •  Limited, inaccurate metadata •  Inconsistent coverage across disciplines •  No transparency (coverage, algorithms, usage, monetization) •  Not customizable or interoperable 134
  • 135. Information Literacy Employers claimed that college hires rarely conducted the thorough research required of them in the workplace. At worst, some college hires solved problems with a lightning quick Google search, a scan of the first couple of pages of results, and a linear answer finding approach. “I had new graduate hire who only searched for papers on Google. I said, you’re missing things, you need to use PubMed, and he responded, ‘Well, I did this quick search, and that’s what I got.’ But that's not good enough.” Project Information Literacy: Learning Curve by Alison J. Head (2012) 135
  • 136. Percent of faculty rating these roles of the library as important. Key Strategic Insights for Libraries, Publishers, and Societies by Roger C. Schonfeld (2010) 136
  • 139. Gross and Sheridan conducted a usability study that examined how Summon (“web-scale discovery”) was used for common library search tasks. Summon was positioned as the primary search box on the library’s home page for the study. They found that the single search box was employed for 80% of the assigned tasks. How Users Search the Library from a Single Search Box Lown, Sierra, Boyer (2013) 139
  • 140. Use of full-text online content dramatically increased in the year following implementation. Librarians found they could focus instruction less on choosing a database or catalog and more on refining a search, research as an iterative process, and other high level search skills. The Impact of Serial Solutions’ Summon on Information Literacy Instruction Stephanie Buck and Margaret Mellinger (2011) 140
  • 141. The search box became an obstacle in… questions where it should not have been used. The search box was viewed as an allencompassing search of the entire site. Students searched for administrative information, research guides, and podcasts. How Users Search the Library from a Single Search Box Lown, Sierra, Boyer (2013) 141
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  • 145. Home Advanced Search Refine Your Search Help House Senate Government Advanced Search News A-Z Index Interface: Graphic | Command Line - Congress All Title health care OR Full Text "mental health" or therapy AND Representative (Sponsor) Any House Member Abercrombie, Neil [D-HI] (99th, 102nd-111th) Ackerman, Gary L. [D-NY] (98th-112th) Adams, Sandy [R-FL] (112th) NOT House Committees Appropriations AND Subject Term health AND Select [1973-2012] X 112th [2011-2012] X 111th [2009-2010] 110th [2007-2008] Show All - Source All Sources X LIS X Bills / Amendments X Committee Reports X Congressional Record X Executive Communications CRS Reports Library of Congress Show All Show 07 Rows SEARCH Clear Form 145
  • 146. Origin Google Google Scholar Search as a Service Source Catalog (Owned) Databases (Licensed) Library Portal Apps via API University Website Institutional Repository Individual Library HathiTrust (Shared Repository) Borrow Direct (Ivy League) Subject (LibGuide) Faculty (Profile, Publications) Course (Course Pack, LMS) WorldCat (Libraries Worldwide) Web (Free, Fee) Portal (Library Facilities, Services) * source may be path or destination Resource (Article, Book) 146
  • 147. 63% didn’t use any Internet resources, other than the Guide, to complete their assignment. Embedding LibGuides into Course Management Systems Stephanie Brown (2012) Search GO History of Science: Nature on Display Embeddable Search Widget 147
  • 148. Recommendation Develop a universal search and discovery service that improves access to local and remote sources from multiple points of origin. •  User Interface (usability AND information literacy). •  Platform (multi-level, embeddable search widget, API). •  Technology (customize, interoperable, open source). •  Roadmap (search, content, metadata, governance). 148
  • 149. Big Opportunities Unified Search & Discovery Information Literacy (Research Skills, Embedding) Cross-Channel Design (Physical / Digital) Library as Place (Collaboratory, Knowledge Creation) Library as Platform (Open Access, Open Source, MOOCs) 149
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  • 151. “Information is blurring the lines between products and services to create multi-channel, cross-platform, transmedia, physico-digital user experiences.” Peter Morville 32,000 B.C. Visual Thinking I n t e rt w i n g l e 1976 Information Architecture 1995 User Experience 1982 Service Design 2005 Ubiquitous Computing 1986 Interaction Design “People keep pretending they can make things deeply hierarchical, categorizable, and sequential when they can’t. Everything is deeply intertwingled.” Ted Nelson 151
  • 152. World’s Best Information Architect Source: Subject to Change (2008) 152
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  • 155. “Collaborative Consumption describes the rapid explosion in traditional sharing, bartering, lending, trading, renting, gifting, and swapping reinvented through network technologies on a scale and in ways never possible before.” 155
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  • 158. Sensors •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  Location (GPS) Orientation (Compass) Motion (Accelerometer) Orientation/Motion (Gyroscope) Touch (Multi-Touch, Gestural) Light (Ambient) Proximity Device (Bluetooth) Audio (Microphone) Image/Video (Camera) Biometrics (Fingerprint) 158
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  • 160. “After a half-hour, a three-tone alert sounds…If the bottle still has not been opened, the system makes an automated reminder phone call to the patient or a caregiver. The GlowCap system compiles adherence data which anyone can be authorized to track. That way the doctor can make sure Gramps stays on his meds.” 160
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  • 162. find·a·bil·i·ty n The quality of being locatable or navigable. The degree to which an object is easy to discover or locate. The degree to which a system or environment supports wayfinding, navigation, and retrieval. am·bi·ent adj Surrounding; encircling; enveloping (e.g., ambient air) the ability to find anyone or anything from anywhere at anytime 162
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  • 165. BrainPort Camera in glasses captures video. Image recreated on grid of 400 electrodes. User feels the shape on the tongue. Brain learns to see through the tongue. 165
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  • 172. Product Packaging Print Catalog Call Center Website Blog Facebook Twitter YouTube Email Direct Mail Radio Television Channel Web Social Media Email Messaging Telephone Print Device Desktop Laptop Mobile Tablet Television Kiosk Media Book Newspaper Magazine Video Audio Poster Billboard Platform Web iOS Android Mac OS X MS Windows Scale Covert Mobile Personal Environmental Architectural Urban Context Home Work Walking Driving Shopping Plane Party Personal Social Location Time Task 172
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  • 175. Multi-Channel Cross-Channel SERVICE SERVICE + + Adapted from Cross-Platform Service User Experience portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1851637 175
  • 176. Today’s “service systems” may include interrelated sub-systems (e.g., person-to-person, self-service) across multiple locations, devices, and channels; and customer satisfaction is “influenced by the extent of integration and consistency” across those channels. Bridging the “Front Stage” and “Back Stage” in Service System Design by Robert J. Glushko and Lindsay Tabas 176
  • 177. Craft beautiful designs that deliver a quality experience to your users no matter how large (or small) their display. 1.  Fluid Grids 2.  Flexible Images 3.  Media Queries 177
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  • 179. Why Separate Mobile & Desktop Web Pages at Bagcheck? With a dual template system, we were able to optimize: 1.  2.  3.  4.  Source Order Media (Speed, Quality, Interaction) URL Structure Application Design Navigation at Top Navigation at Bottom 179
  • 180. Mobile Source: Mobile First (2011) by Luke Wroblewski 180
  • 181. Source: Mobile First (2011) by Luke Wroblewski 181
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  • 184. Transmedia Design by Jakob Nielsen http://www.useit.com/alertbox/3-screens-transmedia.html “The highest-value use will stay predominantly on desktop.” PC Big Screens Better Input Devices Faster Bandwidth Hardware Oomph Software Maturity Printing Mobile “The best computer is the one you have with you.” “Most companies must support both device classes …with separate UI designs.” 184
  • 185. To make the right decisions about composition and consistency, you need a cross-channel strategy. 185
  • 187. Over 50% of REI online business is picked up in a store. 187
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  • 190. Barcode Identifies a Product (e.g. Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes 14 oz.) QR Code Initiates a Response (e.g., URL, Message, Phone, SMS, Email) 190
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  • 202. Cross-Channel We must leave our comfort zones, cross-train, and collaborate. Marathon Triathlon 202
  • 203. What is Information Architecture? http://www.maya.com/the-feed/what-is-information-architecture 203
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  • 206. Peter Morville morville@semanticstudios.com Understanding IA (Prezi) http://is.gd/iaprezi Blog http://findability.org/ Twitter @morville 206