2. A quick revision on the OSI model.
Network devices.
Networks topologies.

3.  It is a way of sub-dividing
a communications OSI model
system into smaller parts Application layer
called layers.
Presentation layer
 A layer is a collection of
conceptually similar Session layer
functions that provide Transport layer
services to the layer above it Network layer
and receives services from
the layer below it. Data link layer
Physical layer

4.  Helps users understand the big picture of networking.
 Helps users understand how hardware and software
elements function together.
 Makes troubleshooting easier by separating networks
into manageable pieces.
 Defines terms that networking professionals can use
to compare basic functional relationships on different
networks.

5. Repeater.
Hub.
Bridge.
Router.

6. A repeater connects two segments of your network
cable.
 It retimes and regenerates the signals to proper
amplitudes and sends them to the other segments.
 Repeaters require a small amount of time to
regenerate the signal.
 Repeaters work only at the physical layer of the OSI
network model.

7.  Is a device for connecting multiple devices together
and making them act as a single network segment.
 Any packet entering any port is regenerated and
broadcast out on all other ports.
 Hubs are classified as Layer 1 (physical layer) devices
in the OSI model.

8. A bridge reads the outermost section of data on the
data packet, to tell where the message is going.
 It reduces the traffic on other network segments,
since it does not send all packets.
 Bridging occurs at the data link layer of the OSI
model, which means the bridge cannot read IP
addresses, but only the outermost Hardware Address
of the packet.

9. A bridge and switch are very much alike; a switch
being a bridge with numerous ports. Switch or Layer
2 switch is often used interchangeably with bridge.
 Switchesmay operate at one or more OSI layers,
including physical, data link, network, or transport
layer.

10. A router is used to route data packets between two
networks.
 It reads the information in each packet to tell where
it is going.
 Routing occurs at the network layer of the OSI
model. Which means that Routers can read IP
addresses .

11.  Routers do not send broadcast packets or
corrupted packets. If the routing table does not
indicate the proper address of a packet, the packet
is discarded.

12. Bus topology.
Star topology.
Ring topology.
Mesh topology.

13.  Bus
networks use a common backbone to
connect all devices.

14.  Easy to install.  Ifthere is a problem
 Add and remove with the cable, the entire
devices is simple. network breaks down.
 Cost effective; only a  Sending data takes long
single cable is used. time.
 Easy identification of  Limited cable length and
cable faults. number of stations.

15.  Many home networks use the star topology. A star
network features a central connection point called a
"hub" that may be a router or a switch.
 Compared to the bus topology, a star network
generally requires more cable, but a failure in any
star network cables will only take down one
computer's network access and not the entire LAN.

16.  Better performance.  High dependence of the
 Isolation of devices. system on the central hub.
 Easy to install and wire.  Network size is limited by
 No disruptions to the
the number of connections
network when connecting that can be made to the
or removing devices. hub.

17.  In a ring network, every device has exactly
two neighbors for communication purposes.
 All messages travel through a ring in the
same direction (either "clockwise" or
"counterclockwise").

18.  Very orderly network where  Add/Remove devices.
every device has access to the  Limited number of
token and the opportunity to devices.
transmit.
 High cost.
 Performs better than a bus
topology under heavy  Time.
network load.
 Easy to install.

19.  Mesh topologies involve the concept of routes.
 Unlike each of the previous topologies, messages sent
on a mesh network can take any of several possible
paths from source to destination.
 Some WANs, most notably the Internet, employ mesh
routing.

20. A mesh network in which Partial mesh networks also exist
every device connects to every in which some devices connect
other is called a full mesh. only indirectly to others

21.  Low rate of failure.  Add/Remove devices.
 Low time consuming  Limited number of
in sending data. devices.
 More secured.

23. Thank
You