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1. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids
M.Prasad Naidu
MSc Medical
Biochemistry, Ph.D,.

2. Overview

3. Overview (cont)

4. Biosynthetic Families
Metabolic Precursors Amino Acids
-ketoglutarate Glutamate
Glutamine
Proline
Arginine
3-Phophoglycerate Serine
Glycine
Cysteine

5. Biosynthetic Families (cont)
Metabolic Precursors Amino Acids
Oxaloacetate Aspartate, Asparagine
Methionine, Threonine,
Lysine
Pyruvate Alanine, Valine, Leucine
Isoleucine

6. Biosynthetic Families (cont)
Metabolic Precursors Amino Acids
Phosphoenolpyruvate Tryptophan
and erythrose 4-phosphate Phenlyalanine
Tyrosine
Ribose 5-phophate Histidine

7. Ketoglutarate Family
Ketoglutarate
Glutamate
Glutamine Proline Arginine

8. -Ketoglutamate to
glutamate/glutamine
Glutamate + NH4
+ + ATP Glutamine synthetase
Glutamine + ADP + Pi + H+
-Ketoglutamate + glutamine + NADPH + H+
Glutamate synthase 2 glutamate + NADP+

9. -Ketoglutamate to
glutamate/glutamine
Net Reaction:
-Ketoglutarate + NH4
+ + NADPH + ATP
L-glutamate + NADP+ + ADP + Pi

10. Ketoglutarate Family
Ketoglutarate
Glutamate
Glutamine Proline Arginine

11. Synthesis of Proline

12. Synthesis of Proline

13. Synthesis of Arginine

14. Synthesis of Arginine

15. 3-Phosphoglycerate Family
3-Phosphoglycerate
Serine
Glycine Cysteine

16. Synthesis of Serine and Glycine

17. Synthesis of Cysteine

18. Oxoloacetate Family
Oxaloacetate
Aspartate
Asparagine Methionine Lysine Threonine

19. Synthesis of Aspartate and
Asparagine
Oxaloacetate AspartateTransamination from
glutamate Amidation with
Glutamine donating
NH4
+
Asparagine

20. Synthesis of Lysine, Methionine,
and Threonine
• See handout

21. Pyruvate Family
Pyruvate
Alanine Valine Leucine Isoleucine

22. Synthesis of Alanine
Pyruvate AlanineTransamination from
glutamate

23. Synthesis of Isoleucine, Valine,and
Leucine
• See handout

24. Phosphoenolpyruvate and
erythrose 4-phosphate Family
Phosphoenolpyruvate
+
erythrose 4-phosphate
Chorismate
Tryptophan Tyrosine Phenylalanine

25. Synthesis of Chorismate

26. Synthesis of Tryptophan

27. Synthesis of Tyrosine and
Phenylalanine

28. Synthesis of Tyrosine and
Phenylalanine (cont)

29. Biosynthesis of Histidine
• See handout

30. Possible Test Questions
1) Provide the 6 metabolic precursors and
the amino acids which they lead to.
2) Duplicate the Amino Acid Synthesis
Overview Flow Chart. Expand the
sections need to show the synthesis of
Glutamate, Glutamine, Proline, Arginine,
Serine, Cysteine, Glycine, and starting
from Chorismate Tryptophan, Tyrosine
and Phenylalanine. (40 points!!)