The document provides information about Ireland, including the author's Irish ancestors who immigrated from Ireland to the US in the early 20th century. It discusses Ireland's early history from the Stone Age through Viking invasions and English rule. It also covers Ireland's government transitioning to a republic and the Irish Civil War in the 1920s. Additionally, it gives overviews of Ireland's geography, counties, and constitution.
2. ANCESTORS
• My Great-Grandmother Hannah Hirrell(Cahill), was born in
the county of Donegal Ireland in 1897. She immigrated to
the US with her brother, Owen Hirrell, on board the SS
Tuscanta from Londonderry, England Sept.22, 1923. They
landed in Eillis Island and were admitted to the US on
Oct.4,1923 to begin their new lives;Owen as a laborer and
Hannah as a Domestic in Sommerville, MA.
• My Great-great grandfather Patrick Cahill was born in
Galway Ireland.
3. REPUBLIC GOVERNMENT
• A state in which the supreme
power rests in the body of
citizens entitled to vote and is
exercised by representatives
chosen directly or indirectly by
them.
4. EARLY HISTORY
• Relics from the Stone Age led to the conclusion that Ireland is
8,000 years old, the first settlers probably traveling from
Scandinavia to Scotland (at that time England was still linked
by land to northern Europe) then across what was a narrow
sea gap to Ireland. These early settlers beame the Tribes of
Firbolg and Tuatha De Dannann when they were invaded by
the Milesius of Spain around 1,000 B.C.. Today's Irish Race is
a combination of the three-above mentioned tribes known as
the one Celtic Race. After the Bronze Age and during the Iron
Age around 400 A.D., brought about new technologies . The
large Roman Empire stopped short of Ireland although
dominating most of Europe. The Vikings began invasions of
Ireland in the 9th Century. In 1171 King Henry of England
asserted sovereignty with the building of abbey-churches and
castles.
5. GEOGRAPHICS
Ireland, Republic of (Gaelic Éire), republic
comprising about five-sixths of the island of
Ireland. the country consists of the provinces of
Leinster, Munster, and Connaught, and part of the
province of Ulster. The rest of Ulster, which
occupies the northeastern part of the island,
constitutes Northern Ireland, a constituent part of
Great Britain. The republic has a total area of
70,283 sq km.
6. THE IRISH CIVIL WAR 1922-
1923
The Irish Civil War was one of the many conflicts
that followed in the wake of the First World War.
By the standards of the 'Great War' it was very
small indeed; roughly 3,000 deaths were inflicted
over a period of eleven months, probably less than
the average casualties suffered on the Western
Front during a quiet week.s with all civil wars,
this conflict generated extremes of bitterness that
have haunted public and political life in Ireland up
to the present day.
7. ENDING THE WAR
On 11 July, 1921, a Truce came into effect ending the Irish War of
Independence which had lasted for over thirty months. While the war had
succeeded in forcing the British to the negotiating table, it had also
exposed serious divisions within the nationalist movement, divisions that
would only be exacerbated by the efforts to reach a lasting peace with
Great Britain. The war had begun in the wake of the overwhelming success
in the general election of December 1918 of 'Sinn Fein', the nationalist
political party founded by Arthur Griffith. Following party policy, the Sinn
Fein candidates who had been elected to parliament in London abstained
from attending and, instead, formed their own legislative body, known as
the 'Dail Eireann', headed by Eamonn de Valera as President.
8. COMPARE
The government of Ireland is similar to the United States in
that it is a Republic. It has a legal system and Supreme
Court very similar to the United States. Rather than
states, Ireland has many counties and it is quite
confusing with how their individual governing works.
9. SEPARATING THE COUNTIES
• Ireland is made up of 32 counties.
• 26 of them are in the Republic of Ireland
which include; Donegal, Monaghan, Cavan,
Kerry, Cork, Waterford, Clare, Tipperary,
Limerick, Clare, Dublin, Meath, Kildare,
Offaly, Carlow, Westmeath, Wexford,
Wicklow, Kilkenny, Laois, Louth, Longford,
Galway, Mayo, Roscommon, Leitrim, Sligo.
• The other 6 are in Northern Ireland;
Ermanagh, Antrim, Tyrone, Down, Armagh,
Derry.
10. IRISH CONSTITUTION
Constitution
Bunreacht na hEireann (meaning 'Basic Law of Ireland') is the Irish
Constitution. It is the fundamental legal document that sets out how Ireland
should be governed and the rights of Irish citizens.
Main Institutions of the state
The Irish Constitution establishes and describes the main institutions of the
Irish state.
Fundamental Rights under the Irish Constitution
The Irish Constitution recognises and declares that you have certain
fundamental personal rights. These rights are natural human rights - they
come from being human and are confirmed and protected by the
Constitution.
Property Rights
The Irish Constitution declares that you have a right to own property.
Explanation of your rights.
Right to Life
11. IRISH CONSTITUTION
Right to Personal Liberty
The right to personal liberty, as guaranteed by the Irish Constitution.
Inviolability of Dwelling
The inviolability of dwelling, a right that is guaranteed by the Irish Constitution.
Religious Liberty
The right to religious liberty, as guaranteed by the Irish Constitution.
Right to Freedom of Association
The right to freedom of association, as guaranteed by the Irish Constitution.
Right to Earn a Livelihood
The right to earn a livelihood, as guaranteed by the Irish Constitution.
Right to Freedom of Assembly
The right to freedom of assembly, as set down in the Irish Constitution.
Right to Fair Procedures
The right to fair procedures, as set down in the Irish Constitution.
12. IRISH CONSTITUTION
Right to Privacy
The right to privacy, as guaranteed by the Irish Constitution.
Right to Trial by Jury
The right to trial by jury, as guaranteed by the Irish Constitution.
Right to Bodily Integrity
The right to bodily integrity, as guaranteed by the Irish Constitution.
Equality before the Law
Equality before the law, as set down in the Irish Constitution.
Right to Freedom of Expression
The right to freedom of expression, as guaranteed by the Irish Constitution.
Rights of the family
Families in Ireland have certain rights and privileges that are set down by
Bunreacht na hÉireann (the Irish Constitution).
Freedom to Travel
Freedom to travel, as guaranteed by the Irish Constitution.
13. The law of the Republic of Ireland consists of
constitutional, statute and common law. The
highest law in the Republic is the Constitution
of Ireland, from which all other law derives its
authority. The Republic has acommon-law
legal system with a written constitution that
provides for a parliamentary democracy
based on the British parliamentary system.
14. How they are different
• In order to pass an amendment to the Irish
Constitution, the process is not as big as if
you were passing on in America.
Referendum is what they call it. An
amendment must be approved by both
Houses of the Oireachtas, then submitted to
the Referendum then signed by the
president.
15. Historical Methods
The Constitution has also been amended by two other ways. The
Constitution provided that, for an initial period of four years,
from 1937 to 1941, it could be amended by a simple Act of the
Oireachtas without a referendum. The First and Second
Amendments were adopted in this way.
However, as a safeguard to prevent wholesale changes after it
had been approved by the people, the President of Ireland,
was given the right to decline to sign a Bill amending the
constitution until the amendment had been voted on by the
people if he believed that the amendment materially changed
the whole Constitution.
16. PREVIOUS CONSTITUTIONS
Prior to the adoption of the Constitution of Ireland in
1937, the state was governed under two other
documents: the Dáil Constitution of the short-lived
1919–1922 Irish Republic and the constitution of the
1922–1937 Irish Free State. Each used different
formal procedures for amendment of the text. The
Dáil Constitution was enacted by Dáil Éireann
(which was at that time a single chamber legislature)
as an ordinary act of parliament. As a result it could
be amended by simple vote of the legislature.
17. FUN FACTS
• The population is about 4,000,000
• English and Irish are the most commonly
used languages. Gaelic was mostly spoken
around the western seaboard.
• The main religon is Cathloic