Social Studies

1. Age of Jefferson
The 3rd American President

2. Election of 1800
• John Adams vs Thomas Jefferson
• Jefferson Platform:
– Laissez-faire government [small]
– Strict Interpretation of Constitution
– Farming based economy
• Adams Platform:
– Big Federal government
– Loose Interpretation of Constitution
– Business/Industry based economy

3. Election of 1800
• Jefferson Wins!
• Special Election: First time a government
changes without a revolution or death!
• “We are all Republicans, we are all
Federalists”

4. Thomas Jefferson
• Jefferson in Office:
– Reduces: Government size, armed forces and
federal budget
– Repeals: Whiskey Tax
– Sedition Act: Does NOT renew law, pardons
people convicted and changes immigrant laws
– Kept National Bank and paid states debts!
[Federalist Policies]

5. Thomas Jefferson
• Judicial Review [1801]
– Marbury v Madison: “Midnight Judges” appointed
by President Adams. Jefferson denied them!
– Supreme Court reviews case, sides with Madison
and Jefferson. Case establishes Judicial Review

6. Thomas Jefferson
• Westward Frontier/Mississippi River
• Port of New Orleans: Controlled by Spain
– Port would close to American farmers
– Pinckney Treaty: Not always followed
• France: Napoleon Bonaparte gets port and
land from Spain in 1800
– Jefferson fears Napoleon [violent and unstable]
– Haiti Revolt angers Napoleon, agrees to sell

7. Thomas Jefferson
• Purchase Plan: Robert Livingston and James
Monroe sent to France
– 10 million for Port of New Orleans
– Napoleon: Offers ALL of Louisiana for 15 million
– Bought: Louisiana Purchase DOUBLES the size of
the United States

8. Louisiana Purchase
• Louisiana Purchase Treaty of 1803
– Jefferson switched his thinking and bought the
land

9. END

10. Lewis & Clark
Zebulon Pike

11. Lewis & Clark
• Expedition: 1804. To explore the new territory
and report back to Jefferson
– Meriweather Lewis: Jefferson Private secretary
– William Clark: Virginia explorer

12. Lewis & Clark
• Expedition: From St. Louis to Pacific Ocean
– Explore all areas
– Record all findings
– Create Maps/Routes
– Interact with Natives

13. Lewis & Clark
• Sacajawea: Native-American woman helps
Lewis & Clark navigate the Rocky Mountains
and communicate with Natives

14. Zebulon Pike
• Led 2nd expedition into new territory
• 1805: Discovered Leech Lake in Minnesota.
Thought it was the source of the Mississippi
River
• 1806: Explored the Arkansas River, Red River,
Pikes Peak [Colorado] & was captured by
Spanish in New Mexico.

15. END

16. War With Tripoli

17. War With Tripoli
• Threats from Overseas
• Impressment
– British Navy ships kidnapping Americans and seize
cargo
• Barbary States
– Pirates attack American traders
– Demand tribute from America to stop!

18. War with Tripoli
• Naval Blockade
– U.S. Marines blockade Tripoli, defeat the small
nation
– U.S. Navy leader Stephen Decatur becomes
national hero

19. Jefferson Foreign Policy
• Embargo Act [1807]: Bans trade with ALL
foreign nations
– War: Britain vs. France 1803
– Trade: America trades with BOTH sides, and makes
BOTH sides angry!
– Jefferson created Embargo Act

20. Jefferson Foreign Policy
• Nonintercourse Act
– Allowed Americans to trade with other foreign
nations
– NOT with England and France

21. END

22. James Madison
• 4th President of the United States
• Nation in trouble with Britain
– Native-American: Britain supplies weapons for
attacks
– Impressment: Kidnapping sailors/ships
– Trade Laws: Still in effect
– War Hawks: Wanted war with Britain

23. Conflict with Native-Americans
• 1791: Little Turtle Fight
• 1794: Wayne vs Miami’s
• 1795: Treaty of Greenville
• 1803: Ohio Becomes a State
• 1808: Battle of Tippecanoe

24. War Hawks
• Group of politicians pushing for war
– Led by Henry Clay [Kentucky]
– Nationalistic feelings
– Wanted revenge for Impressment
– Wanted to conquer Canada

25. War Hawks
• STOP: Seizure of American ships & sailors
• STRONG: Show American strength to foreign
countries
• SEIZE: Take Canada from Britain
• SEIZE: Take Florida from Spain
• STOP: Native-American uprising in West

26. War of 1812

27. War of 1812
• NYC Harbor: British ships attack American
ships
• 1812: Congress declares WAR!
• Britain blockades American ports

28. War of 1812
• War at Sea
– USS Constitution [Old Ironsides]
– American Captain Isaac Hull
– Defeats British ship The Guerriere

29. War of 1812
• War out West
• Canada:
– U.S. General William Hull invades Canada [Detroit,
Niagara River, Montreal]
– British General Isaac Brock wins ALL battles
– Canada did not WANT freedom from Britain

30. War of 1812
• Battles
• Battle of Thames
– American soldiers defeat Indian Federation
• Battle of Horseshoe Bend
– General Andrew Jackson defeats Creek Indians in
South

31. War of 1812
• Battle of Washington D.C. [1814]
– British attack and burn White House
– Dolley Madison saves many important documents
and art work from the wreckage

32. War of 1812
• Battle of Baltimore
– Americans stop British at Fort McHenry
– Soldier Francis Scott Key writes Star-Spangled
Banner after witnessing victory

33. War of 1812
• Battle of New Orleans
– Andrew Jackson defeats British and becomes a
national hero

34. War of 1812
• Treaty of Ghent
– Rush-Bagot Agreement [1817]: NO warships in
the Great Lakes [America]
– Positives: War is over, New National Heroes
[Jackson, Hull, Decatur]
– Negatives: NO mention of impressment,
neutrality violations and NO settlement of the
Canadian/U.S. border issues

35. War of 1812
• “Nothing was adjusted…Nothing was settled”
John Quincy Adams

36. END