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Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
      Brendan Wu & Melaney Zranchev
Background
      Born: February 27,teaching Portland,
      In 1836, he began 1807 in at Harvard
       Maine
       University
      Son of Stephen and Zilpah
      1843 he married Frances Appleton
       Longfellow children together
       and had six
      At the age of six, Henryfrom being
      His wife died tragically Longfellow
       showed aburned after her dress caught
       severely great propensity toward
       writing
       on fire
      At age 19, he famous beard conceals
      Longfellow’s graduated from
       Bowdoin College with classmate he
       his scars, which he obtained when
       Nathaniel Hawthorne wife from the
       attempted to save his
      He traveled throughout Europe for
       fire
      three years, preparing himself Comedy
       He translated Dante’s Devine to for
       hismeans of comfort
       as new career as a college professor
      in modern languages 1882 from
       He died on March 24,
      1831 Married Mary Storer Potter,
       peritonitis
       but later died during a miscarriage
Mary Storer Potter,        Fanny Appleton         Frances Appleton,
Longfellow’s first wife   Longfellow, with sons   Longfellow’s second
                           Charles and Ernest             wife
Significant Works
Poetry:                              Other Works:

Evangeline (1847)                   Dante’s Divine Comedy of Alighieri

The Seaside and Fireside (1849)     (poetry in translation)
The Song of Hiawatha (1855)         Hyperion: A Romance (Fiction)
The Courtship of Miles Standish
(1858)                               Kavanagh: A Tale (Fiction)

 The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere   The Spanish Student (Drama)
(1860)
                                     Poets and Poetry of Europe (poetry
Three Books of Song (1872)
The Masque of Pandora and Other     in translation)
P
Poems (1875)
Literary Period
Romanticism
   A style of writing that came about in the late 18th century.
   It focuses on the natural world, and on abstract ideas of
     imagination, on love, death, nature, and freedom

   Romantic style values feelings and intuition over reasoning
   The themes in most of Longfellow’s poems tend to use the
     Romantic writing style through the actions of characters
In the long, sleepless watches of the night,
   A gentle face — the face of one long dead—
   Looks at me from the wall, where round its head
   The night-lamp casts a halo of pale light.
Here in this room she died; and soul more white
   Never through martyrdom of fire was led
   To its repose; nor can in books be read
   The legend of a life more benedight.
There is a mountain in the distant West
        That, sun-defying, in its deep ravines
       Displays a cross of snow upon its side.
     Such is the cross I wear upon my breast
These eighteen years, through all the changing scenes
     And seasons, changeless since the day she died.
Analysis of Poem
   This poem reflects the grief and agony of Longfellow as he remembers the tragic incident of his

    wife’s death. Her dress caught fire as she was sealing a locket of her daughter's hair (a far more

    popular keepsake in the 19th century than later), and Longfellow was severely burned as he put

    out the flames but failed to save her life. It is probably a testament to his will that her gentle face

    (line 2) appears as he must have so often seen it during their 19-year marriage instead of in the

    agonized aftermath of her "martyrdom by fire" (line 6). Although the poet saw only a picture of

    the Colorado mountain with its cruciform snow-filled crevices, he liked the image so well that

    he took it as emblematic of his circumstances. As her death occurred in July 1861, internal

    evidence ("I carried this cross eighteen years," line 13) dates the composition of the poem as

    1879. As an image, the cross "upon [his] breast" (line 11) suggests the white welts that can scar

    a burn victim, but it reminds him not of her death but of her life in much the same way that the

    Christian cross represents not the death of Christ but his life and the promise of Resurrection.

    Instead of reminding him of her suffering, the pristine snow brings to mind her purity.
Longfellow’s Inspiration
 “Longfellow’s sonnet “The Cross of Snow” was inspired by two
  images familiar to Longfellow. One was Fanny’s portrait by
  Samuel Worcester Rowse (1859) and the other was an engraving
  of Jackson’s photograph of the “Mountain of the Holy Cross”
  (1875). This engraving showed a striking natural phenomenon in
  the Rocky Mountains; snow- filled crevices on the side of a
  mountain in the Rockies projected the image of a cross which
  could be seen from many miles away. Because the crevices were
  so high on the mountain, the crevices remained snow-filled year
  around. In the mid 1800’s few Easterners, including Longfellow,
  had visited the Rocky Mountains, and such an image created
  much interest back East.” (Willink, Mary)
     Mountain of the Holy Cross        Fannie Appleton Longfellow
Literary Criticism
“During his lifetime, Longfellow was immensely popular and widely
admired. He was the first American poet to gain a favorable
international reputation, and his poetry was praised abroad by such
eminent authors as Charles Dickens, Victor Hugo, Alfred Tennyson,
Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Walt Whitman. In the decades that
followed, however, the idealism and sentimentality that characterize
much of his verse fell out of favor with younger poets and critics
who were beginning to embrace realism and naturalism. Longfellow's
literary reputation further declined in the twentieth century with the
advent of Modernism. Reviled as superficial and didactic, his poetry
was largely dismissed and received little further critical attention.”
Literary Criticism
 “Longfellow is classified with others in Fields's Houghton-Mifflin
   stable as one of those authors used to impose a presumed "high
   culture" of English Puritan origins on subsequent generations and
   immigrant populations, even though Longfellow might also be
   recognized as one whose broadly inclusive responsiveness to
   European traditions could have smoothed assimilation for the
   children of newcomers from central and southern Europe. In
   many ways Longfellow may be read as a friend of American
   multiculturalism. His reputation could also benefit from renewed
   critical respect for sentimentalism, especially as that respect gets
   extended to male authors." 
Literary Criticism
 “Longfellow gave poetry higher standing within American society
  than it had enjoyed ever before, not only by exemplifying the
  appeal of graceful, informed writing to an exceptionally wide
  reading audience but also by making art itself one of his centering
  themes. In an age that judged literature largely in moral terms as
  expressive of an author's personal virtues, Longfellow became
  everyman's kindly, sympathizing, gently encouraging friend. At
  present, however, Longfellow has been relegated to the status of
  an historically interesting minor poet whose poems occupy only a
  few pages in recent anthologies and do so in ways that obscure
  the reasons for his original popularity.”
Achievements
 More than a million copies of his poetry had been sold.
 Granted private audiences with Queen Victoria

 Granted honorary degrees from Oxford and Cambridge

 Became the first American to be honored a memorial in the
  Poets’ Corner of Westminster Abbey--a distinction reserved for
  the greatest English poets

 In America, a national holiday was declared to celebrate his
  seventy-fifth birthday

 From the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth, nearly
  every school-age child in the United States and most of Britain
  were required to read some of his poetry.
Longfellow’s Birthplace:
                                                    Portland, Maine




                           Longfellow and Senator
                              Charles Sumner




Longfellow’s memorial in
  the Poets’ Corner of
  Westminster Abbey                                   The first Longfellow stamp,
                                                        issued in Portland on
                                                          February 16, 1940
Bibliography
   Huff, Randall. "'The Cross of Snow'." The Facts On File Companion to American Poetry, vol. 1. New York: Facts On File,
    Inc., 2007.Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
    ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= CPAP0091&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 12, 2012).

   Jenson, Susan. "Classic Authors: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." Suite101 Popular Archive. 17 Aug. 1999. Web. 12 Apr.
    2012. <http://archive.suite101.com/article.cfm/classic_literature/24284>.

   "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." : The Poetry Foundation. 1999. Web. 12 Apr. 2012.
    <http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/henry-wadsworth-longfellow>.

   Williams, Cecil B. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. New York: Twayne, 1964. Print.

   Arvin, Newton. Longfellow His Life and Work. Boston: Little, Brown, 1962. Print.

   "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." : The Poetry Foundation. 1999. Web. 12 Apr. 2012.
    <http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/henry-wadsworth-longfellow>.

   Bloom, Harold. The Best Poems Of The English Language, From Chaucer Through Frost. NY: HarperCollins, 2004. Print

   Gioia, Dana. "Longfellow." Poets.org. N.p., 1997. Web. 10
        Apr. 2012. <http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/143>.

•   Irmscher, Christoph. Longfellow Redux. University of Illinois, 2006
Bibliography
•Merriman, C. D. “Henry Wadsworth Longfellow- Biography.
   ”The Literature Network. N.p., 2000. Web. 10
    Apr. 2012. <http://www.onlineliterature.com/henry_
    longfellow/>.

Oakes, Elizabeth H. "Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth." American Writers,
   American Biographies. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2004. Bloom’s
   Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc.
   http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp
   ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin=
   AW144&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 13, 2012).

Maine Historical Society. Maine Memory Network. N.p., 2012. Web. 9 May 2012.
  <http://www.mainememory.net/artifact/4121/>.

Famous People. thefamouspeople. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 May 2012. <http:
   www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/henry-wadsworth-longfellow-186.php>.

Gale, Robert L. "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." The Victorian Web. N.p., 2004. Web. 9 May 2012.
   <http://www.victorianweb.org/sculpture/brock/51.html>.

LaRocco, Jeremiah. "Mount of the Holy Cross." Wikipedia. N.p., 2012. Web. 9 May 2009.
   <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_of_the_Holy_Cross,_2009.jpg>.

Arvin, Newton. Longfellow: His Life and Work. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1963.

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Henry wadsworth longfellow ppt

  • 1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Brendan Wu & Melaney Zranchev
  • 2. Background  Born: February 27,teaching Portland,  In 1836, he began 1807 in at Harvard Maine University  Son of Stephen and Zilpah  1843 he married Frances Appleton Longfellow children together and had six  At the age of six, Henryfrom being  His wife died tragically Longfellow showed aburned after her dress caught severely great propensity toward writing on fire  At age 19, he famous beard conceals  Longfellow’s graduated from Bowdoin College with classmate he his scars, which he obtained when Nathaniel Hawthorne wife from the attempted to save his  He traveled throughout Europe for fire  three years, preparing himself Comedy He translated Dante’s Devine to for hismeans of comfort as new career as a college professor  in modern languages 1882 from He died on March 24,  1831 Married Mary Storer Potter, peritonitis but later died during a miscarriage
  • 3. Mary Storer Potter, Fanny Appleton Frances Appleton, Longfellow’s first wife Longfellow, with sons Longfellow’s second Charles and Ernest wife
  • 4. Significant Works Poetry: Other Works: Evangeline (1847) Dante’s Divine Comedy of Alighieri The Seaside and Fireside (1849) (poetry in translation) The Song of Hiawatha (1855) Hyperion: A Romance (Fiction) The Courtship of Miles Standish (1858) Kavanagh: A Tale (Fiction)  The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere The Spanish Student (Drama) (1860) Poets and Poetry of Europe (poetry Three Books of Song (1872) The Masque of Pandora and Other in translation) P Poems (1875)
  • 5. Literary Period Romanticism  A style of writing that came about in the late 18th century.  It focuses on the natural world, and on abstract ideas of imagination, on love, death, nature, and freedom  Romantic style values feelings and intuition over reasoning  The themes in most of Longfellow’s poems tend to use the Romantic writing style through the actions of characters
  • 6. In the long, sleepless watches of the night, A gentle face — the face of one long dead— Looks at me from the wall, where round its head The night-lamp casts a halo of pale light. Here in this room she died; and soul more white Never through martyrdom of fire was led To its repose; nor can in books be read The legend of a life more benedight.
  • 7. There is a mountain in the distant West That, sun-defying, in its deep ravines Displays a cross of snow upon its side. Such is the cross I wear upon my breast These eighteen years, through all the changing scenes And seasons, changeless since the day she died.
  • 8. Analysis of Poem  This poem reflects the grief and agony of Longfellow as he remembers the tragic incident of his wife’s death. Her dress caught fire as she was sealing a locket of her daughter's hair (a far more popular keepsake in the 19th century than later), and Longfellow was severely burned as he put out the flames but failed to save her life. It is probably a testament to his will that her gentle face (line 2) appears as he must have so often seen it during their 19-year marriage instead of in the agonized aftermath of her "martyrdom by fire" (line 6). Although the poet saw only a picture of the Colorado mountain with its cruciform snow-filled crevices, he liked the image so well that he took it as emblematic of his circumstances. As her death occurred in July 1861, internal evidence ("I carried this cross eighteen years," line 13) dates the composition of the poem as 1879. As an image, the cross "upon [his] breast" (line 11) suggests the white welts that can scar a burn victim, but it reminds him not of her death but of her life in much the same way that the Christian cross represents not the death of Christ but his life and the promise of Resurrection. Instead of reminding him of her suffering, the pristine snow brings to mind her purity.
  • 9. Longfellow’s Inspiration  “Longfellow’s sonnet “The Cross of Snow” was inspired by two images familiar to Longfellow. One was Fanny’s portrait by Samuel Worcester Rowse (1859) and the other was an engraving of Jackson’s photograph of the “Mountain of the Holy Cross” (1875). This engraving showed a striking natural phenomenon in the Rocky Mountains; snow- filled crevices on the side of a mountain in the Rockies projected the image of a cross which could be seen from many miles away. Because the crevices were so high on the mountain, the crevices remained snow-filled year around. In the mid 1800’s few Easterners, including Longfellow, had visited the Rocky Mountains, and such an image created much interest back East.” (Willink, Mary) Mountain of the Holy Cross Fannie Appleton Longfellow
  • 10. Literary Criticism “During his lifetime, Longfellow was immensely popular and widely admired. He was the first American poet to gain a favorable international reputation, and his poetry was praised abroad by such eminent authors as Charles Dickens, Victor Hugo, Alfred Tennyson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Walt Whitman. In the decades that followed, however, the idealism and sentimentality that characterize much of his verse fell out of favor with younger poets and critics who were beginning to embrace realism and naturalism. Longfellow's literary reputation further declined in the twentieth century with the advent of Modernism. Reviled as superficial and didactic, his poetry was largely dismissed and received little further critical attention.”
  • 11. Literary Criticism  “Longfellow is classified with others in Fields's Houghton-Mifflin stable as one of those authors used to impose a presumed "high culture" of English Puritan origins on subsequent generations and immigrant populations, even though Longfellow might also be recognized as one whose broadly inclusive responsiveness to European traditions could have smoothed assimilation for the children of newcomers from central and southern Europe. In many ways Longfellow may be read as a friend of American multiculturalism. His reputation could also benefit from renewed critical respect for sentimentalism, especially as that respect gets extended to male authors." 
  • 12. Literary Criticism  “Longfellow gave poetry higher standing within American society than it had enjoyed ever before, not only by exemplifying the appeal of graceful, informed writing to an exceptionally wide reading audience but also by making art itself one of his centering themes. In an age that judged literature largely in moral terms as expressive of an author's personal virtues, Longfellow became everyman's kindly, sympathizing, gently encouraging friend. At present, however, Longfellow has been relegated to the status of an historically interesting minor poet whose poems occupy only a few pages in recent anthologies and do so in ways that obscure the reasons for his original popularity.”
  • 13. Achievements  More than a million copies of his poetry had been sold.  Granted private audiences with Queen Victoria  Granted honorary degrees from Oxford and Cambridge  Became the first American to be honored a memorial in the Poets’ Corner of Westminster Abbey--a distinction reserved for the greatest English poets  In America, a national holiday was declared to celebrate his seventy-fifth birthday  From the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth, nearly every school-age child in the United States and most of Britain were required to read some of his poetry.
  • 14. Longfellow’s Birthplace: Portland, Maine Longfellow and Senator Charles Sumner Longfellow’s memorial in the Poets’ Corner of Westminster Abbey The first Longfellow stamp, issued in Portland on February 16, 1940
  • 15. Bibliography  Huff, Randall. "'The Cross of Snow'." The Facts On File Companion to American Poetry, vol. 1. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007.Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= CPAP0091&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 12, 2012).  Jenson, Susan. "Classic Authors: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." Suite101 Popular Archive. 17 Aug. 1999. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. <http://archive.suite101.com/article.cfm/classic_literature/24284>.  "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." : The Poetry Foundation. 1999. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. <http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/henry-wadsworth-longfellow>.  Williams, Cecil B. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. New York: Twayne, 1964. Print.  Arvin, Newton. Longfellow His Life and Work. Boston: Little, Brown, 1962. Print.  "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." : The Poetry Foundation. 1999. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. <http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/henry-wadsworth-longfellow>.  Bloom, Harold. The Best Poems Of The English Language, From Chaucer Through Frost. NY: HarperCollins, 2004. Print  Gioia, Dana. "Longfellow." Poets.org. N.p., 1997. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. <http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/143>. • Irmscher, Christoph. Longfellow Redux. University of Illinois, 2006
  • 16. Bibliography •Merriman, C. D. “Henry Wadsworth Longfellow- Biography. ”The Literature Network. N.p., 2000. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. <http://www.onlineliterature.com/henry_ longfellow/>. Oakes, Elizabeth H. "Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth." American Writers, American Biographies. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2004. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= AW144&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 13, 2012). Maine Historical Society. Maine Memory Network. N.p., 2012. Web. 9 May 2012. <http://www.mainememory.net/artifact/4121/>. Famous People. thefamouspeople. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 May 2012. <http: www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/henry-wadsworth-longfellow-186.php>. Gale, Robert L. "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." The Victorian Web. N.p., 2004. Web. 9 May 2012. <http://www.victorianweb.org/sculpture/brock/51.html>. LaRocco, Jeremiah. "Mount of the Holy Cross." Wikipedia. N.p., 2012. Web. 9 May 2009. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_of_the_Holy_Cross,_2009.jpg>. Arvin, Newton. Longfellow: His Life and Work. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1963.