2. Adiabatic Temperature Changes and Expansion
and Cooling
Temperature change
Dry adiabatic rate
Heating or cooling of saturated air
Wet adiabatic rate
Slow cooling by the adding of latent heat
http://www.physicscentral.
com/experiment/physicsat
home/bottle.cfm
http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-
for-kids/0070-adiabatic-temperature-
changes.php
3. Orographic Lifting
Land masses makes air flow over it
Rainiest places are the cause of this
Most moister is lost by the time the air reaches the
other side
http://www.waterencyclopedia.co
m/Ce-Cr/Climate-Moderator-
Water-as-a.html
https://earthscience-in-the-
nationalparks.wikispaces.com/Death+Vall
ey
4. Convergence
Collision of different air masses to make air rise
Causes
Cloud development
Precipitation
http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/n
otes/chapter6/lift_converge.html
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/gui
des/mtr/cld/dvlp/cnvrg.rxml
6. Stability
Stabile air stays
Unstable air rises
Clouds will not form there is unstable air
http://keithrogershome.com/Chap6Stabili
tyInstability.html
7. Condensation
Saturated air
It forms in dew, fog, or clouds
Occurs when air reaches dew point
http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/idm3020
/tut_folder/nick_tutorial/
http://www.scottslum
ber.com/services/win
dow-condensation-
are-my-windows-
defective/
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/atmos
/hydro.htm
8. Types of Clouds
Cirrus clouds wispy, slim, and high clouds
Cumulus clouds round, individual air masses middle and low altitude
Classified on the basis of formation and height
http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/cloud3.ht
ml
9. High Clouds
Cirrus, cirrostratus, and cirrocumulus clouds
Slim, whitish clouds
Made of ice crystals
Cirrus clouds are sometimes followed by a storm
http://www.weatherreport.com/Local-
weather-forecasts-Cloud-Reading.asp
http://eo.ucar.edu/kids/sky/clouds3.htm
10. Middle Clouds
Altocumulus clouds
2,000 to 6,000 meters high
Big dense curved clouds
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Altocum
ulus_clouds2_-_NOAA.jpg
http://www.ifimages.com/public/imag
39051/view.html
http://www.our-earth.net/Altocumulus-
Clouds.asp
11. Low Clouds
Stratus, stratocumulus, nimbostratus clouds
Sometimes includes light precipitation
Fog like layer
http://urbanext.illinois.edu/kalani/18.cfm
http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/
Atmosphere/clouds/stratocumulus.html
12. Clouds of Vertical Development
The category where that
clouds don’t fit
Low elevation range
Sometimes ascend up to
mid and high altitudes
http://www.free-online-private-pilot-
ground-school.com/Aviation-Weather-
Principles.html
13. Fog
Similar to a cloud
A cloud with its base at or near the ground
The denser the tougher to see
http://www.brainharmonycenter.com/brai
n-fog.html
http://outofthefog.net/
14. Cold Cloud Precipitation
Two physical processes
Suppercooling- when precipitation freezes when it
touches a solid surface
Supper saturated – when relative
humidity surpasses 100%
https://www.meted.ucar.edu/sign_in.php
?go_back_to=http%253A%252F%252Fww
w.meted.ucar.edu%252Fhydro%252Fbasic
_int%252Fflash_flood%252Fnavmenu.php
%253Ftab%253D1%2526page%253D2.2.2
15. Warm Cloud Precipitation
Collision-coalescence process makes rainwater
Salt particles absorb water vapor taking it out of the
air
Often big droplets form.
https://www.meted.ucar.edu/sign_in.php
?go_back_to=http%253A%252F%252Fww
w.meted.ucar.edu%252Fhydro%252Fbasic
_int%252Fflash_flood%252Fnavmenu.php
%253Ftab%253D1%2526page%253D2.2.2
16. Rain and Snow
Rain means water that falls from a cloud
Snow made of individual crystals
http://aumusiclibrary.wordpress.com/201
1/02/28/rain-helens-picks-for-a-rainy-
afternoon/
http://blog.thomaslaupstad.com/2008/01
/09/picture-of-snow-falling-and-a-lonely-
tree-in-northern-norway/
17. Sleet, Glaze and Hail
Sleet- The fall of small translucent ice partials
Glaze- Raindrops becoming supercolled as they fall
through subfreezing air near the ground
Hail- Water vapor that go through a processes of
freezing then pushed up making it bigger every time
it goes through
http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-
kids/0117-sleet.php
http://strangefunnyworld.com/amazing-
hail-the-size-of-baseballs-and-the-
http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-
kids/0118-freezing-rain.php