IICPT/TNAU BTECH FPE

1. Nanotechnology and Health
Munna Iype Joy
BTF-11-222

2. ● Two aspects:-
1.potential for nanotechnological innovations to
have medical applications to diagnose &cure
disease
2. potential health hazards posed by exposure
to nanomaterials.

3. Early sparks..
● Alber R. Hibbs – swallowing surgeon
● Small machines permanently incorporate to the
body
● Nanomedicines.

4. The nano medicines.
● Drugs can be Entrapped, encapsulated or attached on
nanoparticles
Forms of drugs:
● Nanospheres-drug present as the capping agent
● Nanocapsules-drug in nanoshells
● Nanopores -drugs on perforations of nanoparticle
➔ provides controlled release, targetted delivery
● Nanosize carriers of vitamin -dermatology and cosmetics
● The surface properties of nanoparticles can be tuned.

5. Various kinds of nanosystems in use
Nanoshells
● Metal nanoparticles coated with drugs
● Typical metals used gold,silver,platinum,
palladium
● Release of drug- laser of particular intensity
- alternating magnetic field
● Cancer treatment

6. Nanopores
● Nanoparticles containing surface pores
● Poresize imposes restrictions- allows
oxygen,glucose, insulin,neurotransmitters
● Prevents large sized immunoglobulins
Apps
● Insulin in diabetes
treatment
● Neurotransmitters in neural
● disorders

7. Tectodendrimers
● These are branched tree-shaped nanoparticles
● Different branches capable of attaching
different molecules.
● Used for detection and treatment
Apps
● Clinical diagnostics and therapeutics

8. Mode of application of nanodrug
ORAL
● For the succesful delivery:
1. complex should be stabel on its path
2. degestive enzymes should digest and
assimilate
3. products from digestion should not be
cytotoxic

9. For preventing disintegration of complex
● Hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell.

10. NASAL
● Nasal administration is more effective.
● Nanoparticles crosses nasal epithelium with
strong influence of the surface property of
particle.
● May aggregate on mucus, but coating prevents
it(PEG, Chitosan)
OCULAR
● Causes slight damage to corneal epithelium.
● Chitosan coating reducs damage.

11. Nano in diagnostics
● Currenly- morphology of cells to detect
malignancy- makes diagnosis late.
● To detect cancer- synthisizing nanoparticles
using human cells – reduction of chloroaurate
ions- TEM image of normal and malignant cell.
● Another approach- changes in biomarkers-to
detect changes in conc.of protein, genetic
mutations
● Conc of protein p16 used for detection of
cervical cancer.

12. Nanoparticles in diagnostics
● Gold Nanoparticles,Quantum dots and
magnetic nanoparticles
Au nanoparticles
● Gives strong signatures in optical absorption
and flourescence spectroscopy, X-ray
diffraction
and electrical conductivity.
● Interact strongly with biomolecules

13. Quantum dots
● Nanoscale crystals synth. With semiconductor
materials.
● Works well with flourascent spectroscopy.
● QD can be easily attached with proteins, nucleic
acids.
● Whole blood assay can be done with help of QD
● Drawback- surface is hydrophobic(DNAs and
proteins are water friendly)

14. Magnetic nanoparticles
● Superparapmagnetic- no magnetism in the
absense of field
● Used for detection of biomolecules
● Mangetic immunoassay- magnetically labellled
targets- magnetic field developed is detected-
magnetometer.
● Detection of circulating cancer cells in blood is
difficult

15. Future...
● Artificial RBC
● Ultimate aim-Mechanism that detects any
change in biomarker,locates the
disorder,diagnose level of infection,deliver the
drug
● Nanorobots......