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OVERVIEW OF HISTOPATHOLOGY
BY
SEEMA DERO
TRANIEE TECHNOLOGIST
INTRODUCTION TO DEPARTMENT OF
HISTOPATHOLOGY
Histopathology is the department of clinical lab which
deals with the study of diff types of tissues
The department is based on following benches:
 Processing
 Gross
 Tissue processing
 Embedding,cutting,H&E
 Immunohistochemistry
 Special stains
 Cytology
 Semen DR
 Cytogenetics
WHAT IS HISTOPATHOLOGY?
Greek word
Histo- tissue
Pathos- disease suffering
 refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order
to study the manifestations of disease.
 histopathology refers to the examination of a biopsy or
surgical specimen by a pathologist,
 after the specimen has been processed and histological
sections have been placed onto glass slides
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
1.PROCESSING
Specimen categories
 Tissues (with history)
 Bone (with x- ray)
 Autopsy (consent form)
 Body fluids
 CSF
 PBCR
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
2.GROSS SECTION (grossing)
 specimens are inspected with the bare eye
 diagnostic information
 further microscopic examination.
Tissues are saved in different cassettes having different color
 Yellow (liver, renal)
 Green (routine)
 White(bones)
 Grey(skin)
 Pink(lymph nodes)
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
3.TISSUE PROCESSING
 fixing tissue into paraffin
 dehydration and clearing
 tissue is infiltrated with the embedding agent, (paraffin)
 Tissue processing is always automated for the large volumes of
tissues.
 Automation consists of an instrument that moves the tissues
around through the various agents on a preset time scale.
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGYcontd..
4.EMBEDDING
 Orientation of tissue in melted parafin which provide a firm
medium for keeping all parts of tissue intact
 Temp of parafin (58-60 C)
 Instrument used (embedding station)
CUTTING
Microtome used for cutting about 3-5 micron
H&E
Hematoxlyin (water based dye)
Eosin(counter stain)
They stains nucleus & cytoplasm
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
5.IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
 Ag-Ab specific reaction
 Clinical diagnosis and distinguishing diagnosis of tumor
histogenesis
 Can be used to locate particular cells and proteins
 Can be used to identify cellular events – e.g.apoptosis
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
6.SPECIAL STAINS
 Required when diagnosis is not identified with H&E
staining
Some of the stains used are
 Connective tissue ( rapid trichome)
 Nucleic acid (methylene green pyronin)
 Carbohydrates(PAS & PASD)
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
7.CYTOGENETICS
Study of chromosomes and its abnormalities
 chromosome number
 structure
 function
 behavior in relation to gene inheritance,
 organization and expression
Types of disorders:
 Deletions
 Inversions
 Translocation
 Addition(insertion)
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
Types of specimen
 Blood
 Bone marrow
 Amniotic fluid
Procedures done
 Karyo typing
 G-banding
 FISH
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
8.CYTOLOGY
Study of cells to know the infection,pre malignant and
malignanent changes
2 types of samples
 Gyane
(pap smears)
 Non Gyane
(bodyfluids,CSF,urine,pericardial,pleural.asitic.synovial)
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
Procedures done in cytology
 FNACP
 FNAC
 FNAB
Staining in cytology
 H&E
 Pap
 Dry (rapi)
 Gimesa
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
9.SEMEN DR
Fresh sample of seminal fluid is examined for :
 Liquefaction
 Motility
 Number
 Morphology
Elements of analysis
 Quantity
 Color
 Liquefaction
 pH
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
Tests done are
 Detailed report
 IUI (intra uterine insemination)
 Anti sperm antibody
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
contd..
HistoPATHOLOGY

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HistoPATHOLOGY