3. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO A.I
WHAT IS A.I
OBJECTIVES OF A.I
GOALS OF A.I
WHAT CONTRIBUTES TO A.I
TYPES OF A.I
APPLICATIONS OF A.I
HISTORY OF A.I
CONTENT

4. .

5. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
What is A.I ?
In 1956, According to the father of Artificial Intelligence, John
McCarthy, it is “The science and engineering of making
intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs”
Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a
computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently, in
the similar manner the intelligent humans think.

6. Exploiting the power of the computer systems,
the curiosity of human, lead him to wonder,
“Can a machine think and behave like humans
do?”
Thus, the development of AI started with the
intention of creating similar intelligence in
machines that we find and regard high in
humans.

8. What Contributes to AI ?
Artificial intelligence is a
science and technology based
on disciplines such as :
Out of the following areas, one
or multiple areas can contribute
to build an intelligent system.
Artificial
Intelligence
Computer
science
Math's
Neuron
Science
Philosophy
Sociology
Biology

9. What is Intelligence Composed of?
The intelligence is intangible. It is composed of:
• Reasoning
• Learning
• Problem Solving
• Perception
• Linguistic Intelligence

11. • Reasoning: It is the set of processes that enables us to
provide basis for judgment, making decisions, and prediction.
• Learning: It is the activity of gaining knowledge or skill by
studying, practicing, being taught, or experiencing something.
Learning enhances the awareness of the subjects of the study.
• Problem Solving: Problem solving includes decision making,
which is the process of selecting the best suitable alternative
out of multiple alternatives to reach the desired goal are
available.

12. • Perception:
It is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and
organizing sensory information. Perception presumes sensing.
In Humans, perception is aided by the sensory organs.
In A. I, perception mechanism puts the data acquired by the
sensors together in a meaningful manner.
• Linguistic Intelligence:
It is one’s ability to use, comprehend, speak, and write the
verbal and written language. It is important in interpersonal
communication.
It the most important feature that helps us to interact or communicate
between humans and intelligence machine's.

13. Humans Artificial Intelligence
Human perceive by patterns. The machine perceive by a set of
rules and data.
Humans store and recall by
patterns.
Machine do it by searching
algorithms.
Human can figure out the complete
object ,even if some part of it is missing
or distorted.
The Machine cannot do it correctly.

14. TYPES OF A.I
As described by Howard Gardner, an American developmental
psychologist, the Intelligence comes in multifold.
Intelligence Description Example
Linguistic intelligence The ability to speak,
recognize, and use
mechanisms of phonology
(speech sounds), syntax
(grammar), and semantics
(meaning).
Narrators, Orators

15. Musical intelligence The ability to create,
communicate with, and
understand meanings
made of sound,
understanding of pitch,
rhythm.
Musicians, Singers,
Composers
Logical-
mathematical
intelligence
The ability of use and
understand relationships
in the absence of action
or objects.
Understanding complex
and abstract ideas.
Mathematicians,
Scientists
Interpersonal
intelligence
The ability to recognize
and make distinctions
among other people’s
feelings, beliefs, and
intentions.
Mass Communicators,
Interviewers
we can say a machine or a system is Artificially intelligent when it is
equipped with at least one and at most all intelligences in it.

16. Real Life Applications of A.I
Research Areas

17. There is a large array of applications where AI is
serving common people in their day-to-day lives.
• Gaming
• Natural Language Processing
• Expert Systems
• Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
• Fuzzy Logic (FL)
• Intelligent Robots

18. GAMING
A.I plays crucial role in strategic
games, where machine can think
of large number of possible
positions based on heuristic
knowledge
Example:
chess, poker, tic-
tac-toe

21. It is possible to interact with the
computer that understands
natural language spoken by
humans.
Example:
Speech recognition
Text-to-speech (Talk Back
Feature in most of the systems
that provides spoken feedback)

23. There are some applications
which integrate machine,
software, and special information
to impart reasoning and advising.
They provide explanation and
advice to the users.
Example:
Flight-tracking systems, clinical
systems,

25. In 1980 ANNs introduced:
“A computing system made up of a
number of simple, highly
interconnected processing elements,
which process information by their
dynamic state response to external
inputs.”
Examples of ANNs:
Aerospace, Military, Industrial, Facial
recognition & Automotive.

27. “Fuzzy Logic is a method of reasoning
that resembles human reasoning.”
The approach of FL imitates the way
of decision making in humans that
involves all intermediate possibilities
b/w digital values YES and NO.
Example:
Heating Computer
Oven & Electronic Equipment's

29. HOW THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FIELD EVOLVED
• Machine perform intelligent but not as Humans
• RESULT: General problem-solving methods.
1950
Turing Test
• AI established as research field
• RESULT : Knowledge-based expert systems1960
• A.I Commercialization began
• Result: Transaction processing and decision support
systems using AI.
1970
• Artificial Neural Network
• Result: Resembling the interconnected neuronal
structures in the human brain
1980
• Intelligent Agents
• Result: Software that performs assigned tasks on the
users behalf
1990