4. Comparison Table between 1D and 2D
barcode
Informa:on Informa:on
Barcode type Informa:on type
density capacity
Low Small Numbers, English
URL, SMS, Phone
High Big contact, Email Address,
other text messages
4
5. Data Capacity and Feature of QR Code
Compared to Its Counterparts
QR Code Data Matrix PDF417
Symbol Technologies
Developer (country) DENSO (Japan) RVSI Acuity CiMatrix (USA)
(USA)
Numeric 7,089 3,116 2,710
Alphanumeric 4,296 2,355 1,850
Binary 2,953 1,556 1,018
Kanji 1,817 778 554
Large capacity Small
Main features printout size High Small printout size Large capacity
speed scan
5
6. Objectives
►To explain the step-by-step implementation
of 2D barcode (QR code) for mobile in
everyday life.
►To share the experience in 2D barcode (QR
code) reading
► To show the various characteristics of
QRcode implementation that relates to
individual mobile service providers.
6
8. Characteristics of service providers
Requirement / Services I‐nigma Kaywa Quickmark
Membership No No Yes
Yes Yes No
Direct download from mobile
SMS download support
Yes No No
in Thailand
Computer to mobile phone No Yes Yes
Mobile device support info Yes Yes Yes
8
9. Implementation of QR Code
A. 2D barcode reader installation on mobile
phone
Barcode reader Easy Medium Difficult
Quickmark reader
(h`p://www.quickmark.com.tw)
Kaywa reader
(h`p://qrcode.kaywa.com)
Direct download: reader.kaywa.com
I‐nigma reader
(h`p://www.i‐nigma.com)
Direct download: www.i‐nigma.mobi
9
11. Implementation of QR
B. Generating of 2D barcode
Type of Kaywa* Quickmark** i‐nigma***
Data
code (pixel) (pixel) (pixel)
hWp://www.
URL 155 x 155 132 x 132 116 x 116
google.com
Text 135 x 135 132 x 132 116 x 116 Love my dog
Tel. 115 x 115 116 x 116 111 x 111 0813497774
SMS 155 x 155 148 x 148 ‐ Chocolate
*Kaywa: qrcode.kaywa.com, **Quickmark: www.quickmark.com.tw
and ***I-nigma: www.i-nigma.com
11
13. Requirement of 2D Barcode
Reading
• Hardware
• 2 MP-or-higher camera phone with
GPRS, WAP, and HTTP support
• Software
• Kaywa, I-nigma, or Quickmark
• Reading Techniques
13
17. Result and Discussion
• 2D barcode is superior to the conven)onal 1D
barcode in its data capacity and various
applica)ons
• Camera phone equipped with 2D barcode
reader is preferable to use as 2D barcode scanner.
• The implementa)on cycle of 2D barcode involves
• I. Barcode genera)on
• II. Barcode sodware installa)on on mobile
phone
• III. Reading techniques
17
18. Result and Discussion
(cont)
• Kaywa and quickmark provide more
genera)ng code func)ons than i‐
nigma
• I‐nigma is experimentally
considered the easiest‐to‐install
barcode reader on mobile phone.
• Proper light intensity and focal
18
19. Trends of 2D Barcode Applications
• E – ticket
• Electronic Coupons
• Electronic Payment
• Screen on Product
19
20. Other Applications
Jewellery Shop (France)
Source : Tan Jin Soon, synthesis journal 2008
Advertisement (Japan)
20
21. Payment Slips
(Taiwan)
Source : Tan Jin Soon, synthesis journal 2008
21
24. Bar code to 2D Code
• Bar codes became popular and their convenience universally recognized
✓ speed, accuracy and superior functionality characteristics
• Various efforts were made to increase the amount of information stored by
bar codes, such as increasing the number of bar code digits or layout
multiple bar codes.
• 2D code emerged in response to these needs and problems.
• 2D code is also progressing from the stacked bar code method, to the
increased information density matrix method.
25. About QR code
• “Quick Response”
• A kind of 2D symbol developed by Denso Wave(a division of Denso Corp. at
the time) and released in 1994 with primary aim of being a symbol that is
easily interpreted by scanner equipments
• QR code holds a considerably greater volume of information than a bar
code.
27. QR code features
• High capacity encoding of data
- While conventional bar codes are capable of strong a maximum of
approximately 20 digits, QR code is capable of handling several dozen to
several hundred times more information
-
28. QR code features
• Small Printout Size
• Kanji and Kana Capability
• Robust to Dirt and Damage
• Readable from any direction in 360’
• Structured Append Feature
29. QR code features
• Small Printout Size
• Kanji and Kana Capability
• Robust to Dirt and Damage
• Readable from any direction in 360’
• Structured Append Feature
30. QR code features
• Small Printout Size
• Kanji and Kana Capability
• Robust to Dirt and Damage
• Readable from any direction in 360’
• Structured Append Feature
31. QR code features
• Small Printout Size
• Kanji and Kana Capability
• Robust to Dirt and Damage
• Readable from any direction in 360’
• Structured Append Feature
32. QR code features
• Small Printout Size
• Kanji and Kana Capability
• Robust to Dirt and Damage
• Readable from any direction in 360’
• Structured Append Feature
33. QR code Standardization
• Open 2D code
• QR code is open in the sense that the specification of QR code is
disclosed and that the patent right owned by Denso is not exercised
• QR code outline specification
35. QR code size decision factor
• The size of QR code is decided by determining a symbol version, based on
data capacity, character type and error correction level, and by setting a
module size, according to the performance of the scanner or printer.
36. Symbol version
• The symbol versions of QR code range from Version 1 to Version 40. Each
version has a different module configuration or number of modules.
• Each higher version number comprises 4 additional modules per side.
37. Error Correction
factory environment
• Raising this level improves error correction
capacity but also increases the amount of data QR
code size.
38. Error Correction Feature
• The QR code error correction feature is
implemented by adding a Reed-Solomon Code to
the original data.
• The error correction capability depends on the
amount of data to be corrected.
encoded
100 codewords -> 50 of which need to be corrected = 100 codewords of
Reed-Solomon Code are required. 2x
• In this case, the total codewords are 200, 50 of
which can be corrected. ( the error correction
rate : 25% -> error correction level Q)
39. example
given 100 digits of numerical data
to determine error correction level
the value : 100
-> version : ???
42. QR code Area
(Example) Creating QR Code to encode 50 alphanumeric characters
1. Specify the error correction level as the standard "M".
2. Obtain a version from the Version and maximum data capacity table (find the
intersection of alphanumeric characters and Level M). → Version 3 capable of
storing 50 or more characters. (Version 2 with Level M holds only 38
characters.)
3. Use a printer with 400 dpi resolution. → 0.254 mm when printed with 4-dot
configuration.(Equation: 25.4 mm/inch ÷ 400 dpi × 4 dots/module = 0.254 mm/
module)
4. Version 3 = 29 modules, therefore, the size of QR Code is 29 modules × 0.254
mm/module = 7.366 mm.
5. Secure a four-module wide margin. 7.366mm + 0.254mm/module × 8 modules
=9.398mm
In other words, the required QR Code area is 9.398mm2.
43. QR code Library
• Barcodes as URLs(About reading QR Code on iPhone) by Kevin Chiu,
Colombia University
• iPhone 2d barcode reader by fyzle
• An Entertainment System using QR Code Reader: At Kyushu Institute of
Technology Campus Festival, 2005 (And Its Report) by Cutie
• J2MEQRCode: QR Code Encoder/Decoder application runs under
cellphones by GuoQing Hu
• QR Code Reader application for Vodafone 702NK(NOKIA 6630) by
Windstorm
• Instruction of QR Code decoding CGI with JSONP by Dan Kogai
• QRCodec: QR Code Decoder application runs under some Japanese mobile
phones by Yusuke Yanbe
44. Other Language bindings
• pyqrcode
Python binding of this library written by Alexandre Fiori
Examples
45. web examples
• http://zxing.appspot.com/generator/ Zebra Crossing
46. References
• http://qrcode.sourceforge.jp/ Open Source QR code Library
• http://code.google.com/p/iphone-qrcode/ iPhone-QRcode reader
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_Code QR code in wiki
• JISC: Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
You can download JIS-X-0510, the QR Code specification for free. Note that it
written in Japanese from this site.
• ISO/IED 18004:2006
ISO Standard version of above is available. It is written in English, but under fee
based (> $100).
Notas del editor
There has been a continuing development of barcodes since the past 30 years where the first linear 1D barcode was invented in the United States.
It has been used in many application, such as books, products, medicines, and so on. However it can contain only numbers and English characters.
Unlike 1D barcode, Matrix Code or 2D barcode that I’m going to talk about today is two-dimensional way of data encoding. Much more data capacity can obtain from these 2D code such formats including binary, numbers, characters. In another word we can put SMS, text messages, or even URL in it. And QR code as one of the most popular barcode in Japan, first invented by DENSO corporation will be mainly focused on my work today due to its patent free and widely supported by many service providers especially for Thai mobile users.
This slide shows a comparison of 1D and 2D barcode in how they are used to contain the data.
A conventional 1D linear barcode is nowadays used to contain a small amount of information like in ID card, various merchandise items for example. The information stored in this conventional 1D barcode is just binary number. In the picture for example, the chocolate bar that contains this barcode will be scanned by cashier. The binary value in barcode will be used to match with the price list table for cashier to update their inventory and accounting system.
Unlike 1D barcode, 2D barcode has a higher data capacity and is equipped with a number of features. It is not just binary data, but also string characters where it can be applied to store any text information like URL, phone contact, short messages.
This table shows a comparison of those 1D and 2D barcodes in aspects of data storage that differ from 1D to 2D.
2D barcode obviously shows its capacity and more alternative encoded data formats over 1D barcode.
This table shows some comparison among those 2D barcode available nowadays.
Data Matrix has been popular in the United States, whereas Portable data file or PDF417……………………????
QRCode developed by DENSO, Japan proves to be superior to other counterparts in terms of data capacity
QRCode is capable of containing the maximum number of numeric data twice and three folds of data matrix and PDF417 barcode format.
This is also true in other data format.
The objective of my work is explaining step-by-step of how to implement 2D barcode for mobile in everyday life.
Also, to provide some experience in 2D barcode reading, also to show the various characteristics of QR code implementation that relates to individual mobile service providers.
This is a list of some well-known and world-wide service providers where their base is in different countries.
Now, we have come to the point where we have to choose the service providers to get their reader installed in the mobile phone.
I-nigma provides more supports in software download, but it requires a membership to get a complete access to it.
Kaywa is not supporting for SMS download, so it is not that convenient for Thai users. Unlike others, quickmark seems to has least service support, this makes it a bit harder for software installation.
This slide is used to show the comparison among those three service providers in terms of how difficult to install their software into the mobile phones. The most and least favorable are I-nigma and quickmark, respectively.
Step1: typing web link for mobile direct download on your mobile phone.
Step2: The program will come up to ask you would you like to connect to the internet or not.
Step3: After access to the web, it will automaticly check your mobile phone support to their program or not. If I support the program will show that
“Welcome to i-nigma your handset is ……… Press here to install the reader
Step4: It ask you that would you like to install the i-nigma program or not.
Step5: after clike yes to installation the mobile will ask you where you want to keep your program on?...you are just pick one.
Step6: The picture shows the installation process.
Step7: After finish the installation, you will see the icon of i-nigma program ready to use.
Besides the barcode reader for QR code reading, 2D barcode generation is also different from one service providers to another.
In some application, the smaller barcode, the less space is required.
And I-Nigma as summarized in the table seems to fit this best.
2D barcode nowadays support all kinds of data entry from basic information like telephone number to URL and text messages.
This slide is kindda giving an overview of what we need to have in terms of hardware, software and techniques to be able to read the 2D code successfully.
This experiment is done to simulate the situation where the barcode is on computer screen or high intensity of light environment
The other is done on paper just like 2D code we found on product or advertisement.
The result shows us that both light intensity and scanning distance influence on the reading capability of mobile scanner.
Reading the code from computer tends to be easier than from the paper.
The computer provide more effective scanning range than paper.
And the bigger size of code influence the effective scanning distance or focus
QR Code used for Blood Test Process Management in Australia.
QR Code Application in a Jewellery Shop in France.
QR Code Application in Payment Slips Management in Taiwan.
For the last one, it is unbelievable that we got one application in Thailand for bank process management.
Kasem :
For the last application I want to you is the “save-our-nation” paycheck that I just got from the Thai government.
This is not so surprising in that there is a 2D code image on it.
For your own experience, I hope you all will enjoy using 2d barcode reader like this guy.