3. 1. Listening
Listening is the
ability to accurately
receive and interpret
messages in the
communication
process.
There are three
common modes of
listening:
competitive,
passive and active.
4. 2. Speaking
Speaking is done
through the
vocalization of human
communication.
Speaking depends on
the context wherein
communication will
take place.
Speaking can be
formal or informal
6. 1. Reading
Reading
comprehension
involves decoding
symbols with the
intention of deriving
meaning from the text.
This can be used for
sharing knowledge, for
self-development or
simply for relaxation
7. 2. Writing
Writing is the process of
using symbols to
communicate thoughts and
ideas in a readable form.
Writing allows for a more
meaningful and in-depth
transmission of ideas
compared to speaking.
Follow the writing process:
1) prewriting 2) drafting 3)
revising 4) proofreading 5)
publishing
8. 3. Viewing
Refers to the ability to
perceive meaning from
visual images and
presentations
Process that supports
oracy and literacy
Broadens the ways in
which students can
understand and
communicate their ideas
non verbal
communication
9. ways to represent ideas visually:
Drawings
Photographs
Organizational graphs and charts
Videos
Multimedia
WebPages – and web based correspondence
10. Types of viewing:
Visual Literacy
Ability to interpret meaning from visual images (Georgis,
1999)
Ability to construct effective visuals in order to convey
ideas to others (Valmont, 2003; Heinich, 1999)
Critical Viewing
Ability to carefully comprehend and evaluate information
presented by visual media
Ability to think critically about the composition of the
picture
13. Significance
To effectively communicate
To understand subtext and various aspects
of communication
To solve future problems or successfully
achieve objectives which essentially derive
from effective communication
14. Significance
To accomplish four main purposes
including: expressing wants and needs,
developing social closeness, exchanging
information, and fulfilling social
etiquette routines (Light, 1997)
15. A . D E F I N I T I O N
B . D E L L H Y M E S
C . C O M P O N E N T S
D . S P E A K I N G M O D E L
Communicative
Competence
16. A. Communicative Competence
“The ability to function in a truly
communicative setting.”
Not limited to linguistic forms
Social rules and context
Coined by Dell Hymes
18. He says…
“…a normal child acquires knowledge of sentences
not only as grammatical, but also as appropriate.
He or she acquires competence as to when to
speak, when not, and as to what to talk
about with whom, when, where, in what
manner. In short, a child becomes able to
accomplish a repertoire of speech acts, to take part
in speech events, and to evaluate their
accomplishment by others.”
(Hymes 1972, 277)
37. James Cummins
CALP- Cognitive/Academic Language
Proficiency
School oriented language- Context Reduced
BICS- Basic Interpersonal Communication
Skills
Face to face communication- Context Embedded
38.
39. Basically, greatly developing one’s macro
skills promotes communicative competence.
The macro skills play a key role in fostering
learners’ communicative competence since:
they are the manifestations of interpreting and
producing a spoken or written piece of discourse
as well as a way of manifesting the rest of the
components of the communicative competence
construct.
Editor's Notes
enhances both listening and reading skills
with levels literal, reorganizational, inferential, evaluation and appreciation comprehension.
CV – such as: by television, video recordings
Ability to analyze the construction of isolated images
Communicative competence is important for just about anyone who wishes to communicate with other people in any type of relationship. Arguments and disagreements can often be avoided if people are able to effectively express meaning in a message. Politicians and other public speakers often seek high levels of communicative competence to be able to effectively convey meaning and express ideas to others. People who are learning a second language also tend to focus on this type of competence to ensure they understand subtext and various aspects of communication within that language that may be subtle and complex.