The role of Geography in climate education: science and active citizenship
video tools
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2. Elements of a video The video container holds it all together 4 The caption format defines when captions are displayed 3 The audio codec defines how waveforms are compressed 2 The video codec defines how the pixels are compressed 1
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4. Common video codecs (*) As far as we know Source: Wikipedia No YouTube, Google Video MPEG WG H.263 HDTV broadcast Free Software hippies Blu-Ray Microsoft world domination YouTube HD, iTunes, Blu-Ray Movie pirates DVD VCD Popular usage Yes* On2, Xiph.org Theora No Microsoft VC-1 Yes* BBC Dirac No Microsoft WMV No MPEG WG MPEG-2 No MPEG WG MPEG-1 No MPEG WG H.264 No MPEG WG MPEG-4 ASP Patent-free? Inventor Codec name
5. Video encoders Source: DigitalContentProducer.com, doom9.org, Wikipedia Adobe Premiere ffmpeg H.263 none none Windows Media Encoder, Compressor, Squeeze Windows Media Encoder, Expression Encoder Adobe Media Encoder, Apple Compressor, On2 Flix Pro, Sorenson Squeeze, Telestream DivX, 3ivX Compressor, Sonic, TMPGEnc QuickTime Non-OSS tools oggenc, Thusnelda Theora none VC-1 dirac-research, Schroedinger Dirac none WMV ffmpeg, mpeg2enc MPEG-2 ffmpeg, MP1E MPEG-1 x264 H.264 ffmpeg, Xvid MPEG-4 ASP OSS tools Codec name
6. Overview of caption formats Source: Wikipedia DVD Stored as images DVD-Forum DVD Analog TV (Europe) custom BBC et. al. Teletext Analog TV (US + Canada) pseudo-ASCII Electronic Industries Alliance Line 21 UTF-8 (multiple) (multiple) UTF-8 windows-1252 Encoding Windows Media Player MSDN page SAMI MP4 files, iTunes Store QuickTime (SMIL 1.0 only) AVI files, “fansubbing” AVI files, “fansubbing” Popular usage ISO 14966-17 MPEG-4 Timed Text A doom9.org forum post from 2004 SubRip W3C Recommendation SMIL Some Word document floating around the net Advanced SubStation Alpha Spec Caption format
7. Overview of container formats (*) Seriously, some guys in Russia. They contributed it to the public domain, so technically you own it. Source: Wikipedia ffmpeg, MP4Box, mp4creator MPEG-LA .MP4, .M4V MPEG-4 ffmpeg Apple .MOV QuickTime ffmpeg, oggmux Xiph.org .OGG Ogg ffmpeg (in progress) Microsoft .ASF, .WMV Advanced Systems Format ffmpeg, AVIMux-GUI Microsoft .AVI Audio/Video Interchange ffmpeg, mkvtoolnix Some guys in Russia* .MKV Matroska ffmpeg Adobe .FLV Flash Video OSS tools Owner Extension Container Name
8. Common audio codecs (*) As far as we know Source: Wikipedia No iPod, iTunes Store videos MPEG WG AAC Blu-Ray DVD Free Software hippies Microsoft world domination Music VCD, DVD, digital TV Ringtones, VoIP Popular usage No DTS Inc. DTS No Dolby AC3 Yes* Xiph.org Vorbis No MPEG WG MP2 No 3GPP AMR No Microsoft WMA No MPEG WG MP3 Patent-free? Owner Codec name
9. Audio encoders Sources: HydrogenAudio.org, Wikipedia iTunes, Nero FAAC AAC DTS, Inc. Dolby none Windows Media Encoder iTunes Audio Transcoder, Easy CD-DA Extractor 3GPP reference encoder Non-OSS tools none DTS ffmpeg, Aften AC3 ffmpeg, aoTuV Vorbis TwoLAME MP2 ffmpeg, RetroCode AMR ffmpeg WMA LAME MP3 OSS tools Codec name
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