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BASICS OF SOLAR ROOF TOP PLANT.pdf
- 1. BASICS OF SOLAR ROOF TOP PLANT BY- ABHIDEEP AGARWAL INDIA GO SOLAR
- 2. Solar Roof Top Plant • Solar Power Plants have the ability to convert the incident solar radiation into Electricity. • It consist of Solar panels, Inverter, ACDB, DCDB, wires, etc. • Surplus energy can be stored in batteries or transported to the grid. • Grid Tied System - If the configuration is in such a way that the surplus energy is exported to the grid. • Off Grid System - If the surplus energy is stored and utilized later when SPV plant is not working. • Hybrid System- it is the combination of Grid tied and Off grid system.
- 6. BASIC TERMINOLOGIES SOLAR RADIATION- • Solar radiation is the RADIATION or POWER we get from the sun. • It is the amount of solar power available per unit area. • It is also called as Irradiance. • It is measured in W/m2 or kW/m2 • Device used is Pyranometer. • Peak value on the earth’s surface is 1000W/m2
- 7. SOLAR INSOLATION • It is defined as INcident SOLAr radiaTION. • It is the energy that we receive on the earth’s surface. • It is measured in kWh/m2/day • It is used in predicting the long term feasibility and performance of the PV system.
- 8. PEAK SUN HOURS • It is the number of peak sun hours available in a day. • It is used in calculating the energy output of the PV system in a day.
- 9. PEAK SUN HOURS REPRESENTATION
- 10. • Primary material used in SPV is Silicon. • Si is a semiconductor(having properties of Metals and Non- metals) • It has a band gap of 1.1 eV • It is doped with impurities (other elements) to convert more incident photons into electricity. • When a photon of sufficient power hits a semiconductor surface, it ejects an electron and forms an electron-hole pair. • The electrons and holes generated are separated under the electric field influence creating a current that is proportional to the incident photons or incident sunrays.
- 11. • PV cells in basically a silicon based semiconductor which are electrically connected to each other to form a module. • Multiple modules or panels can be wired-up together in series and parallel to form an ARRAY. • Almost 90% of the world’s PV technology is based on some variation of Silicon.
- 12. Working of Solar Cell
- 13. Continued..
- 14. PROCESSING OF Si SOLAR CELLS • Silicon in present in the form of Quartz or Sand on earth (SiO2). • It is reduced with Coke in Furnace to form Si+CO2. This Silicon produced is MGS (Metallurgical grade Silicon). • MGS reacted with HCl to form Chlorosilanes, which is distilled to obtained high purity SiHCl3. • Cholorsilanes(SiHCl3) is reduced with H2 to form Polycrystalline silicon which is electronic grade silicon (EGS). • Polycrystalline Si can be turned into Mono-crystalline with the help of CZ and Float zone method.
- 15. TYPES OF PANELS • MONO-CRYSTALLINE • POLY-CRYSTALLINE • THIN FILM
- 16. PARAMETERS CONSIDERED DURING DESIGNING OF SRTP • Consumption of the consumer (based on sanction load). • Shadow free area available on the roof (1kW requires 10sq m or 100sq ft) • Tilt angle (for optimum annual power production tilt angle is almost set to the Latitude of the site towards South) • Budget of the consumer. • Payback period. • Daily energy output of the SPV plant.
- 17. SHADING EFFECTS
- 18. TILTANGLE
- 19. PV CURVE OF SOLAR CELL
- 20. APPROXIMATION OF PV PLANT OUTPUT • Estimating the PV plant output is very important. Thumb Rule- • Average peak sun available in India is 4-5hrs/day. • 1 Kw system will produce approx. 4-5 kWh per day. • We receive 280-300 clear sun days annually. • So based on this we can calculate that 1kW system will produce approx. 1120-1500kWh annually.