Cloud Infrastructures for Enterprises and Governments

https://gr.linkedin.com/in/nkyriakou
nkyr@aegean.gr@n_kyr
University of the Aegean
Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering
Information Systems Laboratory (ISLab)
Cloud Infrastructures for Enterprises and Governments
Niki Kyriakou • PhD Candidate

Outline
• Introduction to Cloud Computing
‣ Characteristics
‣ Services
‣ Deployment Models
• Cloud Computing for Enterprises
• Cloud Computing in Governance
2
Outline

Short CV
• PhD Candidate
- University of the Aegean - Department of Information
and Communication Systems Engineering
• Research Assistant
- Information Systems Laboratory (ISLab)
• Lab Assistant
3
Introduction

A Golden Era in Computing
4
Powerful multi-
core processors
General
purpose
graphic
processors
Superiorsoftware
methodologies
Virtualization
leveraging the
powerful hardware
Wider bandwidth for
communication
Proliferation
of devices
Explosion of
domain
applications
Golden Era

Evolution of Internet Computing
• 1961: John McCarthy was the first one that
suggest publicly (in his speech at MIT) that sharing
technology can lead to a future in which
compuCng power and specific applicaCons could
be sold through a business (such as water and
electricity)
• 1963: Created the idea of a computer network
that allows communicaCon between computer
users and IntergalacCc Computer Network
• 2002: Created a group of computers (PlanetLab)
which is available as a test plaLorm for computer
networking and distributed systems
• Cloud CompuCng:
‣ From personal computers
‣ Started to create computer networks
‣ CreaCng the first web services
‣ Today we have reached the creaCon of cloud compuCng
Publish
Inform
Interact
Integrate
Transact
Discover(intelligence)
Automate(discovery)
time
scale
Socialmediaandnetworking
Semantic
discovery
Data-intensive
HPC, cloudweb
deep web
Datamarketplaceandanalytics

Enter Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing is Internet-based computing for:
- shared resources,
- Software
- Information
• Provides computers and other devices on demand
• Cloud Computing is the culmination of numerous
attempts for large scale computing with
seamless access to virtually limitless resources
- on-demand computing, utility computing, ubiquitous
computing, autonomic computing, platform computing,
edge computing, elastic computing, grid computing, …
6
Enter Cloud Computing

What is Cloud Computing?
“A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to as hared pool
of computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction*.”
“[…]computing services (both hardware and software) required by a firm are delivered by an
external provider on an on-demand basis over the Internet, independent of device and
location; users pay for the service as an operating expense, based on the real use of it,
without having to make significant initial capital expenditures (e.g. fr servers and software),
and also without having to incur operation, support and maintenance costs**.”
7
*NIST:'National'Institute'of'Standards'and'Technology'
**Marston,'S.,'Li,'Z.,'Bandyopadhyay,'S.,'Zhang,'J.'&'Ghalsasi,'A.'(2011).'Cloud'Computing'–'The'Business'Perspective.'Definition(Support(Systems,(
51(1),'176O189.'
Cloud Computing Definition

Characteristics of the Clouds
• On-Demand Self-Service
• Broad Network Access
• Resource Pooling
• Rapid Elasticity
• Measured Services
• Per-usage based pricing model
8
Characteristics

Known Applications
Youtube Dropbox Facebook Google Drive
Watching a video on YouTube we
are connected to a large network
of computers that serve and
provide all of this information
File hosting service. Large
storage space, which does not
belong to the user. Further
access to data, regardless of
geographical area.
User’s Facebook accounts are
online and users can access
them from anywhere.
Google’s service storage and
synchronization service. Ability
to create and save ﬁles in the
“cloud” with access from
everywhere.
Apps you use everyday…
They are a form of Cloud Compu4ng!

Providers & Users
YouTube Facebook Wikipedia Twitter Paypal
Google Amazon SalesForce Apple Microsoft
Known Cloud Compu4ng Providers…
Large enterprises that are using Cloud Compu4ng…

Cloud Computing Service Categories
IaaS
Network Architects
PaaS
Application Developers
SaaS
End Users
1
2
3
User Cloud a.k.a. Software as a Service
(SaaS)
Software distribution model in which
applications are hosted by a service
provider and are available to
customers via the internet.
e.g.: Gmail, Hotmail, Picasa, etc.
Development Cloud a.k.a. Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
Platforms for which development tools
are hosted in the “cloud” and accessed
through a browser.
e.g.: Microsoft Azure, Google’s App
Engine, etc.
Systems Cloud a.k.a. Infrastructure as
a Service (IaaS)
Providers host virtual client machines
or provide networks.
e.g.: Amazon EC2, etc.
ValueVisibilitytoEndUsers

….
SaaS PaaS IaaS
E-mail
CRM
Collaborative
ERP
Consume It
App Development
Decision Support
Web
Streaming
Build on It
Networking
Cashing
Security
System management
Migrate to It

Audit per Level

Deployment Models
Private Cloud Public Cloud
Hybrid Cloud

…Enterprises
15

Benefits by Enterprise Size
SMEs Large Enterprises
Strategic Flexibility Easy and fast access to the market
CreaCon and development of new products/services
without large increase in costs
Cost Reduce
Important payment by use in cases where there are no
available funds
Availability and immediate installaCon with low costs
allow the creaCon of new products, without addiConal
hardware and staff
SoDware
Availability
SaaS and PaaS provide the necessary soTware and
equipment at low cost
The automaCon upgrades and hardware replacement,
reduces the cost and staff training
Scalability
ApplicaCons that have been designed with scalability
can be extended without resource constraints
Companies with a lot of equipment, soTware and staff
benefit from processes that consume large compuCng
power
Skills & Staffing
While proper design of cloud applicaCons require a
high level of soTware development skills, maintenance
and support is much simplified
The bulk of ICT cost is due to supporCng legacy soTware
and hardware. The cloud waves such needs.
Energy Efficiency
Reduce operaCng costs and increase environmental
benefits
Even huge sized data centres can not compete on the
energy efficiency of cloud providers
Back up
Redundancy
The majority of SMEs are not properly prepared for
disasters and recovery, which the cloud provides
The probability of data loss due to hardware failure is
much smaller due to data fragmentaCon and storage in
many places in the cloud

Disadvantages
• Privacy
• Security
• Portability between providers
• Internet ConnecCon
• Limited number of applicaCons
• Data LocaCon

Challenges
The obstacles according to a survey
31

Cloud Computing Adoption (1/2)
Sommers’ d Kendall’stau-b Research Hypothesis
IT Inv_ Red_Strat .180 .186 H1
Prod_Innov .087 .097 H2a
Proc_Innov .134 .152 H2b
Mult_Prod_Loc .015 .015 H3a
Intern_Scope_Sales -.039 -.040 .H3b
Intern_Scope_Proc .053 -.056 H3c
Telework .074 .082 H4
Soph_IT_infra .115 .129 H5
Elect_Inter_Supp .156 .165 H6
Elect_Inter_Cust .135 .135 H6
Data_Ware .448 .460 H7
Mob_Serv .309 .348 H8
Employ_IT_Person .210 .217 H9
IT_Outs .087 .088 H10
Small Firms

Cloud Computing Adoption (2/2)
Medium & Large Firms
Sommers’ d Kendall’stau-b Research Hypothesis
IT Inv_ Red_Strat .120 .123 H1
Prod_Innov .092 .096 H2a
Proc_Innov .013 .013 H2b
Mult_Prod_Loc -.012 -.013 H3a
Intern_Scope_Sales -.002 -.002 .H3b
Intern_Scope_Proc -.108 -.108 H3c
Telework .001 .001 H4
Soph_IT_infra .123 .136 H5
Elect_Inter_Supp .090 .093 H6
Elect_Inter_Cust .113 .115 H6
Data_Ware .155 .163 H7
Mob_Serv .049 .053 H8
Employ_IT_Person .085 .088 H9
IT_Outs .128 .129 H10

…Governments
21

Community Cloud
Private Cloud Public Cloud
Community Cloud

Governmental Cloud
• The Cloud services are private (single tenancy), community (agreed set of tenants) or public (mulC
tenancy) to host processes and/or store data, to run eGovernment services that can be controlled/
monitored locally or in a centralized way by the public body reducing the required capital investment
in ICT
• It provides a set of “building blocks” reusable services to create eGovernment services for public
administraCon, ciCzens and private companies
• Fast development
• It can be owned and managed by central governments and/or external providers/ bodies. The central
government or local bodies have the end responsibility (private or community deployment model)
• There is a business model that allows operaCng the infrastructure, the plaLorm and the services and in
a way guarantees eﬃciently and low cost scalability
• The infrastructure, the plaLorm and the services are compliant with state Governments and EU
legislaCons on privacy, security and resiliency (locaCon of the Gov- Cloud: on premises or oﬀ premises
Cloud)

Cloud Computing - Governance

G-Cloud
Greek g-Cloud
• E-Government services only
• RaConally administer and take advantage of available InformaCon Systems
in the public sector
• Achieve scalable economy for
• The cost of InformaCon and CommunicaCon Systems (Hardware)
• OperaConal expenses
• The project includes supply, installaCon and operaCon of infrastructure to
host computer related services

Publications
‣ E. Loukis, S. ArvaniCs, N. Kyriakou, A. Famelou, M. Chatzianastasiadis, F. Michailidou, The Effects of Enterprise Systems on the AbsorpCve
Capacity of Greek Firms, 10th Mediterranean Conference on InformaCon Systems (MCIS 2016), September 2016, Paphos, Cyprus
‣ N. Kyriakou, E. Loukis, S. ArvaniCs, Enterprise Systems and InnovaCon - An Empirical InvesCgaCon, Hawaii InternaConal Conference on
System Sciences (HICSS) 2016, January 5-8 2016, Maui, Hawaii, (to appear), January 2016, Maui, Hawaii
‣ E. Loukis, N. Kyriakou, Cloud CompuCng AdopCon MoCvaCon in the European North and South, 9th Mediterranean Conference on
InformaCon Systems (MCIS 2015), October 2015, Samos
‣ N. Kyriakou, E. Loukis, Firm CharacterisCcs and Propensity for Cloud CompuCng AdopCon, Twenty-first Americas Conference on
InformaCon Systems, Puerto Rico, 2015, August 2015, Puerto Rico
‣ E. Loukis, N. Kyriakou, K. Pazalos, OperaConal and InnovaCon CollaboraCon and Cloud CompuCng, European, Mediterranean & Middle
Eastern Conference on InformaCon Systems 2015 (EMCIS2015), June 2015, Athens, Greece
‣ E. Loukis, N. Kyriakou, OrganizaConal Factors AffecCng Propensity to Adopt Cloud CompuCng, Hawai, January 2015, Grand Hyai Kauai
‣ N. Kyriakou, E. Loukis, The Effect of ICT Infrastructure SophisCcaCon and InterconnecCon on the Propensity for Cloud CompuCng
AdopCon, European, Mediterranean & Middle Eastern Conference on InformaCon Systems 2014 (EMCIS2014), October 2014, Doha, Qatar
Conferences

Publications
‣ N. Kyriakou, M. Maragkoudakis, E. Loukis, M. Themistocleous, PredicCon for Enterprise Cloud CompuCng AdopCon, Hawaii InternaConal
Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) 2017, January 4-7 2017, Maui, Hawaii, (to appear), January 2017, Hilton Waikoloa Village, Hawaii
Conferences
Journals
‣ S. ArvaniCs, N. Kyriakou, E.N. Loukis, Why Do Firms Adopt Cloud CompuCng? A ComparaCve Analysis Based on South and North Europe
Firm Data. TelemaCcs and InformaCcs, 2016.
Pending Publica4ons
Journals
‣ E. Loukis, N. Kyriakou, K. Pazalos, S. Popa, Inter-organizaConal InnovaCon and Cloud CompuCng, Electronic Commerce Research.
‣ N. Kyriakou, E. Loukis, Task, Technology, Personnel and Propensity for Cloud CompuCng AdopCon in European Glass, Ceramics and
Cement Sectors, Industrial Management & Data Systems

Thank You!
Niki Kyriakou
29

Cloud Infrastructures for Enterprises and Governments

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