2. INTRODUCTION
Today’s world is growing fast , it needs fast
communication channels to move data frequently
from one place to other. So ,data transmission over
distances has become essential. To move data from
one place to another at a faster pace , the concept of
networking has been introduced.
3. WHAT IS A NETWORK ?
A computer network or data network is a telecommunications
network which allows computers to exchange data. In computer
networks, networked computing devices exchange data with each
other using a data link. The connections between nodes are
established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-
known computer network is the Internet.
4. NEED FOR NETWORKING
File sharing
Printer sharing: If you use a computer, chances are you also use a
printer. With a network, several computers can share the same
printer.
Communication and collaboration: It’s hard for people to work
together if no one knows what anyone else is doing.
Data protection: You should know by now that it’s vital to back up
your computer data regularly.
5. TYPES OF NETWORK
Personal area network, or PAN
Local area network, or LAN
Metropolitan area network, or MAN
Wide area network, or WAN
Wireless area network or WLAN
Campus area network or CAN
System area network or SAN
6. PERSONAL AREA NETWORK
A personal area network, or PAN, is a computer network organized
around an individual person within a single building. This could be
inside a small office or residence. A typical PAN would include one or
more computers, telephones, peripheral devices, video game consoles
and other personal entertainment devices.
7. LOCAL AREA NETWORK
A local area network, or LAN, consists of a computer network at a
single site, typically an individual office building. A LAN is very useful
for sharing resources, such as data storage and printers. LANs can be
built with relatively inexpensive hardware, such as hubs, network
adapters and Ethernet cables.
8. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
A metropolitan area network, or MAN, consists of a computer
network across an entire city, college campus or small region. A MAN
is larger than a LAN, which is typically limited to a single building or
site. Depending on the configuration, this type of network can cover
an area from several miles to tens of miles. A MAN is often used to
connect several LANs together to form a bigger network.
9. WIDE AREA NETWORK
A wide area network, or WAN, occupies a very
large area, such as an entire country or the entire
world. A WAN can contain multiple smaller
networks, such as LANs or MANs. The Internet is
the best-known example of a public WAN.
10. CAMPUS AREA NETWORK
Campus Area Network – This is a network which is larger than a
LAN, but smaller than an MAN. This is typical in areas such as a
university, large school or small business. It is typically spread over a
collection of buildings which are reasonably local to each other. It
may have an internal Ethernet as well as capability of connecting to
the internet.
11. WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK
Wireless Local Area Network – This is a LAN which works using
wireless network technology such as Wi-Fi. This type of network is
becoming more popular as wireless technology is further developed
and is used more in the home and by small businesses. It means
devices do not need to rely on physical cables and wires as much and
can organise their spaces more effectively.
12. SYSTEM AREA NETWORK
System Area Network – This network connects computers together
on an especially high-speed connection, in a configuration known as a
cluster. This means computers which are connected together so as to
work as a single system, and can be done as a result of very high
speed computers and new low cost microprocessors. They are usually
used to improve performance and for cost effectiveness.
13. TRANSMISSION MEDIUM
Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors of a
single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of canceling
out electromagnetic interference from external sources; for
instance, electromagnetic radiation from unshielded twisted pair cables,
and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.
Coaxial cable is a type of cable that has an inner conductor
surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular
conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer
sheath or jacket.
14. BLUETOOTH AND WI-FI
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over
short distances from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area
networks (PANs).
Wi-Fi is a technology that allows electronic devices to connect to
a wireless LAN (WLAN), mainly using the 2.4 gigahertz
(12 cm) UHF and 5 gigahertz (6 cm) SHF ISM radio bands. A WLAN is
usually password protected, but may be open, which allows any device
within its range to access the resources of the WLAN network..
15. MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different content
forms such as text, audio, images, animations, video
and interactive content. Multimedia contrasts with media that use only
rudimentary computer displays such as text-only or traditional forms of
printed or hand-produced material. Multimedia can be recorded and
played, displayed, interacted with or accessed by information content
processing devices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but can
also be part of a live performance.
16. COMPONENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
Images-Digital image files appear in many multimedia applications. Digital
photographs can display application content or can alternatively form part of a
user interface.
Audio-Audio files and streams play a major role in some multimedia
systems. Audio files appear as part of application content and also to aid
interaction.
Video-Digital video appears in many multimedia applications, particularly
on the Web.
Animations-Animated components are common within both Web and
desktop multimedia applications.
