Sheet metal characteristics – shearing, bending and drawing operations – Stretch forming operations – Formability of sheet metal – Test methods –special forming processes-Working principle and applications – Hydro forming – Rubber pad forming – Metal spinning– Introduction of Explosive forming, magnetic pulse forming, peen forming, Super plastic forming – Micro forming.
Sheet metal characteristics – shearing, bending and drawing operations – Stretch forming operations – Formability of sheet metal – Test methods –special forming processes-Working principle and applications – Hydro forming – Rubber pad forming – Metal spinning– Introduction of Explosive forming, magnetic pulse forming, peen forming, Super plastic forming – Micro forming.
Mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, forces in machining, Types of chip, cutting tools– nomenclature, orthogonal metal cutting, thermal aspects, cutting tool materials, tool wear, tool life, surface finish, cutting fluids and Machinability.
its sheet metal working for non ferrous metal and alloy. its show all process like punching, deep drawing, etc which can employ in sheet metal working.its show how process done in short details.
sheet metal work ,die and punch.
it is generally useful for sheet metal operation.terminology of die and punch, types of die,types of punch,cutting force,method of reducing cutting force
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. Introduction:
Punching and blanking processes are sheet metal forming
processes.
In these two processes a finite volume of metal from a
sheet is removed by using die and punch.
The shape and size of the portion removed depends on
the geometry of die and punch.
Also the operation cost and time depends on die and
punch design.
4. CuttingTool & Job Material:
The cutting tool(punch and die) are made of hardened
steel or tungsten carbide.
The sheet metal to be machined is generally made of
aluminium, brass, copper, stainless steels.
In some cases plastic is also used.
5. Difference:
In the punching process the final product is the metal
sheet from which metal is removed.
In blanking process the final product is the removed
portion from the sheet.
6. Punching Press:
It is a type of machine press used to cut the material.
Can be very simple and manually controlled or very
complex and CNC controlled.
8. Different Zones of Blanked Part:
Rollover Zone (Zr)
Shear Zone (Zs)
Fracture Zone (Zf)
Burr Zone (Zb)
Depth Of Crack Portion (Dcp)
Secondary Shear
9.
10. Process:
The job is held by job holders to prevent distortion.
A clearance is provided between the punch and die.
Force is given on the job by the punching tool.
A finite portion of metal is removed from the sheet.
12. Deformation ofWorkpiece:
The job bends and is pulled down by the punch
movement.
The grains elongate at A,B & D.
When the elongation reaches a limiting value , rupture
occurs.
13. Working Force:
The maximum force required to create a complete
rupture is, Fmax=σf Co L (σf -true rupture stress, Co -
optimum clearance. L-length of cut).
The maximum force required can be reduced by avoiding
the simultaneous failure of the total area.
This is done by providing an angle to the punch edge.
But the total energy requirement remains same.
14. Effective Clearance:
The amount of clearance given is very important.
As the velocity of propagation of fracture lines is very
high, they may miss each other without optimum
clearance.
In optimum clearance, a clean edge is obtained.
In case of too little or too large clearance, secondary
deformation takes place.
15. Stripping Force
Two actions take place in the punching process-punching
and stripping.
A stripping force develops due to spring back of the
punched material that holds the punch.
This force is generally expressed as a percentage of the
force required to punch the hole.
The value of stripping force is generally given by the
equation,
SF = 0.02 L * t( L-length of cut , t-thickness of material).
16. ProcessVariants:
Depending on the shape of the metal removed or process,
there are some special types of Blanking processes-
Fine Blanking
Notching
Lancing
Slitting
Nibbling
Trimming
17. Fine Blanking Process:
A special type of blanking process.
Fracture zone does not form while shearing.
Very tight tolerance is achieved by this process.
Aluminium , brass, copper ,stainless steels are the metals
that can be fine blanked.
20. Slitting:
It is an operation to cut a coiled sheet metal lengthwise
to produce narrower strips.
21. Nibbling:
In nibbling operation, complicated shapes are cut out from
a sheet metal by producing overlapping notches.
Without using any special tools, a simple, round or
triangular punch is reciprocated at a fixed location.
The sheet metal is guided to obtain the desired shape of
cut.
23. Advantages:
Punching and blanking are quick processes.
The slug produced may be reused or recycled(depending
on material).
It is often the cheapest and most cost effective method
for medium to high volume of production.
It can create multiple shaped holes or same shaped holes
very fast.
24. Disadvantages:
Equipment and tooling costs are high.
Often needs secondary finishing operations to smooth
out burrs along the bottom edge.
Fine blanking process is a slow process.
25. Conclusion:
Punching and blanking process is very cost effective
process.
Though the initial equipments cost may be high but it is
very useful for mass production.
Very closer dimensional tolerance can be achieved by fine
blanking process.