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DR NILESH KATE
MBBS,MD
PROFESSOR
ESIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, GULBARGA.
DEPT. OF PHYSIOLOGY
DIGESTION AND
ABSORPTION
OF PROTEINS
OBJECTIVES
 Sources of proteins
 Digestion of proteins
 Absorption of proteins
 Abnormalities of protein digestion and
absorption
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Sources of proteins
 Exogenous (dietary) proteins
 Endogenous proteins
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Exogenous (dietary) proteins
 Daily requirement -- 0.5–0.7 g/kg body
weight and for children (1–3 years), it is 4
g/kg.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Exogenous (dietary) proteins
 Structure -- made of
long chains of amino
acids bound together
by peptide linkages.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Exogenous (dietary) proteins
 Sources of dietary
proteins with high
biological value
 Meat, fish, eggs, cheese
and other milk
products, Soyabeans,
wheat and various
types of pulses are also
rich source of proteins.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Endogenous proteins
 Total - 30–50 g/day.
 The proteins which reach
the intestine through
various gastrointestinal
secretions and those
which are present in the
desquamated epithelial
cells of the gut
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Digestion of proteins
 Digested by the proteolytic enzymes to
amino acids and small polypeptides.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Digestion of proteins
 Digestion of proteins does not occur in the
mouth, as there are no proteolytic enzymes
in the saliva.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Digestion of proteins
 Digestion of proteins, thus begins in the
stomach and is completed in the small
intestine.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
DIGESTION OF PROTEINS
 In stomach.
 In small intestine.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Digestion of proteins in the
stomach
 Pepsin - secreted by
chief cells of the main
gastric glands in an
inactive form
(pepsinogen)
 Digest - about 10–15%
proteins entering the
GIT.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Digestion of proteins in the
stomach
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Pepsinogen
Pepsin
Proteins
Proteoses,
peptones and
polypeptides
The optimum
pH for the
action
of pepsin is 2.0;
Digestion of proteins in the
small intestine
 Enzymes responsible
are
 Pancreatic proteases
 Brush border
peptidases
 Intracellular
peptidases
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Pancreatic proteases
 Digest proteins into
dipeptides, tripeptides
& small polypeptides.
 These are further
absorbed into
epithelial cells of
mucosa & digested by
intracellular enzymes
into amino acids
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Brush border peptidases
 Includes
aminopeptidase,
dipeptidase, tripeptidase.
 Finally converts proteins
into polypeptides &
amino acids.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Intracellular peptidases
 These digest the last
dipeptides & tripeptides
into amino acids which
enters the blood.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Digestion of nuclei acid and
nucleoproteins
 These are found in abundance in foods such
as liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast etc.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Digestion of nuclei acid and
nucleoproteins
 Brush border enzymes as
nucleases, nucleotidase
& nucleosidase converts
nucleotides &
nucleosides into
pentoses.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Absorption of proteins
 Mechanism of
absorption into
intestinal epithelial cells
occurs through luminal
membrane of epithelial
cells.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Absorption of proteins
 Mechanisms
 Na dependent active
transport mechanism
 Simple diffusion
 Endocytosis.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Na dependent active transport
mechanism
 Creation of
electrochemical
gradient across the
cell
 Binding of Na & amino
acids to carrier
protein
 Movement of Na &
amino acid inside cell.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Simple diffusion
 The dextro amino
acids are absorbed
solely by the passive
diffusion.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Endocytosis.
 Proteins absorbed by endocytosis usually excite
immunological/allergic reaction.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Endocytosis.
 In newborn infants, immunoglobulins
present in the colostrum are absorbed in the
intestinal mucosa by endocytosis and impart
passive immunity to child.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Further digestion in the
epithelial cells
 In the cell peptidases break the remaining
linkages of tripeptides, and dipeptides
causing release of amino acids.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Transport of amino acids into
blood capillaries
 the amino acids are transported into the
interstitial space across the basolateral
membrane of the cells by facilitated or
simple diffusion.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Transport of amino acids into
blood capillaries
 From the interstitium, the amino acids enter
the capillaries of villus by simple diffusion,
and then via portal vein, they reach the liver
and general circulation.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
Abnormalities of protein
digestion and absorption
 Inadequate absorption of proteins, due to lack of
trypsin is a common consequence of pancreatic
diseases.
 Malabsorption of amino acids due to lack of
transporters is relatively rare.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
OBJECTIVES seen…………..
 Sources of proteins
 Digestion of proteins
 Absorption of proteins
 Abnormalities of protein digestion and
absorption
Thursday, June 18, 2020
THANK YOU

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Digestion and absorption of proteins

  • 1. DR NILESH KATE MBBS,MD PROFESSOR ESIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, GULBARGA. DEPT. OF PHYSIOLOGY DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF PROTEINS
  • 2. OBJECTIVES  Sources of proteins  Digestion of proteins  Absorption of proteins  Abnormalities of protein digestion and absorption Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 3. Sources of proteins  Exogenous (dietary) proteins  Endogenous proteins Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 4. Exogenous (dietary) proteins  Daily requirement -- 0.5–0.7 g/kg body weight and for children (1–3 years), it is 4 g/kg. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 5. Exogenous (dietary) proteins  Structure -- made of long chains of amino acids bound together by peptide linkages. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 6. Exogenous (dietary) proteins  Sources of dietary proteins with high biological value  Meat, fish, eggs, cheese and other milk products, Soyabeans, wheat and various types of pulses are also rich source of proteins. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 7. Endogenous proteins  Total - 30–50 g/day.  The proteins which reach the intestine through various gastrointestinal secretions and those which are present in the desquamated epithelial cells of the gut Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 8. Digestion of proteins  Digested by the proteolytic enzymes to amino acids and small polypeptides. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 9. Digestion of proteins  Digestion of proteins does not occur in the mouth, as there are no proteolytic enzymes in the saliva. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 10. Digestion of proteins  Digestion of proteins, thus begins in the stomach and is completed in the small intestine. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 11. DIGESTION OF PROTEINS  In stomach.  In small intestine. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 12. Digestion of proteins in the stomach  Pepsin - secreted by chief cells of the main gastric glands in an inactive form (pepsinogen)  Digest - about 10–15% proteins entering the GIT. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 13. Digestion of proteins in the stomach Thursday, June 18, 2020 Pepsinogen Pepsin Proteins Proteoses, peptones and polypeptides The optimum pH for the action of pepsin is 2.0;
  • 14. Digestion of proteins in the small intestine  Enzymes responsible are  Pancreatic proteases  Brush border peptidases  Intracellular peptidases Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 15. Pancreatic proteases  Digest proteins into dipeptides, tripeptides & small polypeptides.  These are further absorbed into epithelial cells of mucosa & digested by intracellular enzymes into amino acids Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 16. Brush border peptidases  Includes aminopeptidase, dipeptidase, tripeptidase.  Finally converts proteins into polypeptides & amino acids. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 17. Intracellular peptidases  These digest the last dipeptides & tripeptides into amino acids which enters the blood. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 18. Digestion of nuclei acid and nucleoproteins  These are found in abundance in foods such as liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast etc. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 19. Digestion of nuclei acid and nucleoproteins  Brush border enzymes as nucleases, nucleotidase & nucleosidase converts nucleotides & nucleosides into pentoses. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 20. Absorption of proteins  Mechanism of absorption into intestinal epithelial cells occurs through luminal membrane of epithelial cells. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 21. Absorption of proteins  Mechanisms  Na dependent active transport mechanism  Simple diffusion  Endocytosis. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 22. Na dependent active transport mechanism  Creation of electrochemical gradient across the cell  Binding of Na & amino acids to carrier protein  Movement of Na & amino acid inside cell. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 23. Simple diffusion  The dextro amino acids are absorbed solely by the passive diffusion. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 24. Endocytosis.  Proteins absorbed by endocytosis usually excite immunological/allergic reaction. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 25. Endocytosis.  In newborn infants, immunoglobulins present in the colostrum are absorbed in the intestinal mucosa by endocytosis and impart passive immunity to child. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 26. Further digestion in the epithelial cells  In the cell peptidases break the remaining linkages of tripeptides, and dipeptides causing release of amino acids. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 27. Transport of amino acids into blood capillaries  the amino acids are transported into the interstitial space across the basolateral membrane of the cells by facilitated or simple diffusion. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 28. Transport of amino acids into blood capillaries  From the interstitium, the amino acids enter the capillaries of villus by simple diffusion, and then via portal vein, they reach the liver and general circulation. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 29. Abnormalities of protein digestion and absorption  Inadequate absorption of proteins, due to lack of trypsin is a common consequence of pancreatic diseases.  Malabsorption of amino acids due to lack of transporters is relatively rare. Thursday, June 18, 2020
  • 30. OBJECTIVES seen…………..  Sources of proteins  Digestion of proteins  Absorption of proteins  Abnormalities of protein digestion and absorption Thursday, June 18, 2020