July 22 presentation - thoughts? If need be, I can email directly (norris.krueger@gmail.com) Or try: http://bit.ly/cUjzCo Be sure to check out Monica's & Cornelia's great presentations also uploaded!

1. Growing resilient, self-renewing
local economies
Entrepreneurship & Job Creation
Idaho Innovation Council
Norris Krueger, PhD (cv)
July 22, 2010

2. What does the data say?
WHAT DOES THE DATA SAY?

3. Recent study showing that firms >1 year old shed (on average) a million
jobs annually, while startups add ~3 million jobs. Not the whole picture
but where is this intel in most economists’ thinking?…

4. 3 Figure B:
1995-96 Net Job Growth by Age and Type of Establishment
2.75
2.5
2.25 1.43210666
2 multi-unit locations
Per cent of total net job growth (1.87 mil)
1.75 single unit firms
1.5
1.25
1
0.75 1.497259331
0.5
0.25
0
-0.121676052 -0.119522077 -0.095555216
-0.146443022 -0.152834791 -0.175730555
-0.07013702 -0.141234278 -0.153488696 -0.197048593
-0.25 -0.193584131
-0.36211156
-0.5
-0.75
0-1 years 2-3 years 4-6 years 7-9 years 10-13 yrs 14-18 yrs 19 or older
The original study (Zoltan Acs & Catherine Armington)– shows a single year – note
that single-unit biz & multi-unit biz have same pattern. But what’s most interesting
are young firms that grow - the top %1 of firms <5 years old create 40% of the jobs.
Years of Age in 1996

5. 0.35
0.3 multi-unit locations
single unit firms
0.25
Per cent of total 1995 employment (100.3 mil)
19%
0.2
0.15
0.1 8% 10%
7%
6%
5%
13%
0.05
6% 6% 6%
6% 5%
2%
1%
0
0-1 years 2-3 years 4-6 years 7-9 years 10-13 yrs 14-18 yrs 19 or older
However, note that the *stock* of existing jobs is in older firms (so they are important too) & gazelle
research shows that older firms can and do grow look atwork by Zoltan & by Larry Plummer on high-
potential firms)
Years of age in 1996

6. Wow- the Heritage Foundation did a great analysis – note that in the current
recession, there were FEWER layoffs than in 2000-2001. Note that gross job
creation is the key to net job creation. #2: Opportunity entrepreneurship
peaked in 2005… note what that meant to gross job creation.

7. Where Did Idaho's Jobs Come From? (2000-2007)
• New businesses created around 297,000 jobs
• Expanding businesses created around 200,000 jobs
• Businesses moving in created around 10,000 jobs.
• but now… let's look at the net job figures:
• Businesses opening: created 296,983 jobs
• Businesses closing: destroyed 291,824 jobs
• Net jobs from business creation: +5,519 jobs
• Business expansions: created 200,383 jobs
• Business contractions: destroyed 133,502 jobs
• Net jobs from business expansion: +64,781 jobs
• Businesses moving into Idaho: created 10,555
• Businesses moving out of Idaho: destroyed 10,757
• Net jobs from business attraction: -202 jobs
• (1977-2005, the US created 450 million jobs & lost 406 million jobs)

8. But fast-growing firms are probably even more critical. Again, look at the in-depth study by Plummer, et al. on high-
growth ‘gazelle’ firms– they are in every area, in every industry (& some are quite old)rowing
Hmmm. Boise’s LMA had LOWEST rate of gazelles –
agriscience-led southern Idaho ranked highest in
gazelles

9. Do You Know... What Entrepreneurs Do???
(Implications for Growth)
Economic Role: “residual claimant of rents”
[entrepreneurs create value for others]
Entrepreneurs see opportunities to create value for others.
Entrepreneurs find ways to act on those opportunities
Entrepreneurs deliver value, then get paid.
Different Roles: Flavors of Entrepreneur?
•Necessity versus Opportunity [latter are much more likely to grow]
•* Productive versus Unproductive versus Destructive
** Social Entrepreneurs? (Sustainable Entrepreneurs?)
[actually surprisingly strong in 2008-2010!]

10. Implications
• ‘Churn’ is normal, even good
– Disrupt.. Or BE disrupted (your choice?)
– Job creation is critical
– It’s innovation that drives job creation
– Innovation requires identifying real value
– That’s the job of…. Entrepreneurs
• Growth is good?
– Grow existing firms
– Grow startups (especially high potential)
– Works everywhere (and should): urban/rural, small/large,
new/old, high tech/low tech, profit/nonprofit

11. Key domains of value to Idaho
• Youth –
• Rural
• Women (0.42 versus 0.25)
• Veterans (http://whitman.syr.edu/ebv)
• Social
• Sustainable
– All are areas where we can get traction
immediately

12. What’s different about entrepreneurial
economies?
…and why does it matter?

13. To get ICE, we need FIRE?
• I.C.E. =
– Innovation
– Creativity &
– Entrepreneurship
• but… (very important)
• Innovation = Creativity + Entrepreneurship
• Which is the scarcer ‘ingredient’?
• You guessed!

14. Ideas  Reality
• Knowledge Spillover (Audretsch, Acs, et al.)
IDEAS REALITY
• Execution/Implementation “pulls”
• This really IS about Deal Flow

15. Innovation Systems (think
‘ecosystem’)
The seductively-titled “triple helix” is a
dominant model for innovation systems –
but is very top-down. We argue instead
for the bottom-up functionalist model
depicted here.
Links Grown by Bridging Assets
Communities of any size (organizations too) need to really
understand their ecosystem – need to map it. A good place
to start is to rigorously map the barriers/facilitators.

16. …ecosystem varies across lifecycle
(and successful programs support whole ecosystem across lifecycle)
I love this graphic (thanks to CTI, the great Swiss
entrepreneurial support organization)

17. Entrepreneurial Potential is…
• Function of Potential Entrepreneurs
– Quality and quantity of entrepreneurial thinking
• Skills, yes, but especially
• Expert Mindset
• Entrepreneurial Capital
• Finding more/better opportunities
• Key Drivers of EP
– Understanding Realities
– Human Capital
– Social Capital
• “Celebrate & Educate” (and ???)

18. Critical Success Factors
• Strategic, not tactical :
– Comprehensive Entrepreneurship Development System
– Select/adapt tactics to support strategy
– Select/adapt ‘players’ to support strategy (DC>CC)
– Strategy supports/grows innovation system
– Strategy builds entrepreneurial capital/potential
– “One Voice”
– Jim Collins (right people on bus) versus “Finding Nemo”
(@#$%$^ seagulls)
• Do Right Things the Right Way (and for the Right
Reasons)

19. How to Develop Entrepreneurs?
• Mindset is key (skills, yes, but…)
– Intentions
– Barriers.. and Facilitators (do we know?)
– Expert Thinking
– Cognitive Infrastructure
• Start Young [did you know? Idaho has great online
entrepreneurship course???]
• Cast Net Broadly (across the state & its citizens)
• Engage Broadly… but Strategically

20. Key Ingredients…
• “Bully Pulpit” (we must NOT neglect)
– “Celebrate and Educate”
– Championing takes many forms (Jim Collins & ‘right people
on bus’?)
• Grow entrepreneurial human capital
– Grow entrepreneurial thinking
– more ideasreality
• Grow entrepreneurial social capital
– Grow entrepreneurial “communities”
– Build an informed ecosystem
• Celebrate, Educate and…. Initiate! (mud, meet wall)

21. Putting it all together… use FIRE to make ICE
• Forge an Idaho that's Resilient & Entrepreneurial
•
• (entrepreneurial human capital)
• Foster Entrepreneurial Thinking Across Idaho
• Entrepreneurship Training: How to Turn Ideas into Reality
•
• Inspire the Next Generation
• “SAOSW”: Youth Entrepreneurship
• Future Entrepreneurial Ideas... and Opportunities
• (entrepreneurial social capital)
• Revitalize & Engage Communities
• Grow more entrepreneurial Idaho communities
•
• Enrich the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
• Help the helpers; champion the champions

22. Entrepreneurship Idaho: IDAHO F.I.R.E. MODEL
F: Foster Entrepreneurial Mindset across Idaho
Boot Camps
Start Your Biz, Grow Your Biz, Social/Sustainable versions
“Theme” Training (Rural, Youth, Women, Veterans?)
* use existing, proven model, engage partners & start doing!
Train-the-Trainer versions
Entrepreneurship Courses & Programs
* Youth: Expand Use of Existing Online HS Course
Adult: Adapt HS online course
Adult: Develop suite of courses
Adult: Develop in-person versions for community college program
GREEN = already doing/easy to do + committed partners + free/cheap/OPM
* = top priority (easiest/cheapest)
N.B. Tactics selected for cost (free/cheap/OPM), proven best practice, vetted
for Idaho, supported/suggested by >1 person/group, fits/supports strategy

23. I: Inspire the Next Generation
“Students Are Our Secret Weapon”
* Idea To Product competition (national)
“Training Wheels” Virtual Accelerator
feasibility study drafted [see slide 31]
Technology Summer Camp (more than students?)
feasibility study (prior study exists)
Conference: Best Practices at Tech Commercialization
* feasibility study (& recruiting!) underway
Growing Global Partnerships
* offer model course (eg, China)

24. R: Revitalize & Reward Entrepreneurial Community
Boot Camps
Entrepreneurial Economic Development/Economic Gardening
use existing curricula to train economic developers
Train-the-Trainer versions
Building Local Capacity
Support Entrepreneurial Skills series
* Support community events like Global Entrepreneurship Week(!)
Boot camps for Grant Writing
Celebrate Successes
Support IRP Community Reviews
* Showcases for Local Success Stories
* “Entrepreneurial Heroes” *weekly recognition at legislature+

25. E: Enhance the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
Policy Analysis & Development
* Entrepreneurial Job Creation Task Force/policy working group:
(white papers, policy briefings, legislation support)
* Metrics [barriers/facilitators study to start]
Roadmapping/alignment (quasi-summit?)
Grant-writing tiger teams
* Industry-specific Opportunity Forums (also falls under “I’)
Diagnostic Checklist/Portal
Entrepreneurial Speaker Series
Conferences (supports all the components)
National (global?) Advisory Board for our CEDS [see slide 29]

26. The “ask”: Start with the Bully Pulpit
“Celebrate & Educate… and Initiate!”
IIC (and Governor) attend/endorse existing events
• Global Entrepreneurship Week
• “Opportunity Forums” (see ESTech)
• Showcases, Startup Weekends, etc.
Plug the daylights out of IDLA’s Econ 102
“Entrepreneurial Heroes”
Endorse series of policy briefings
Endorse Entrepreneurial Job Creation Task Force
endorse barriers/facilitators study
lead on grant-writing
lead on connecting externally
support legislative groups (like Chuck Winder’s caucus)

27. (miscellaneous backup slides)

28. Consensus: Keys to TBED
1) Strong entrepreneurial culture
2) Access to People
3) Access to Resources
4) Build Broad, Deep, Rich Networks
(best predictor/driver of the last 3?)
Yup, #1
A great example we already know!

29. Prospects for National Board of Advisors
Entrepreneurial Economic Development
Erik Pages, EntreWorks (also IEDC)
David Audretsch. Indiana U
Zoltan Acs [Chief Economist, SBA]
Cornelia Flora and/or Don Macke [rural entrepreneurship]
Technology Development
Brian Cummings, Utah [possible board chair?]
Steve Nichols, U Texas [one of BC's mentors]
Rick Holdren, Houston-based Health Care Angels
Frank Peters, Tech Coast Angels
Technology Entrepreneurship [depends on our needs]
Mark Rice, Babson (incubators)
Tim Stearns, Fresno State & Kathy Allen, USC (N2TEC.org)
Cyrus Taylor, Case Western (physics entrep)
Bob Hisrich, Thunderbird (science entrep)
Mike Fountain, South Florida (Natl. Consortium for Life Sciences Entrep)
Alan Carsrud, FIU (crosscampus programs)
Tom Byers or Tina Seelig, REE/Stanford
+ Government (NSF, etc.)…
+ Major Foundations (Kauffman, et al.)…

31. GROWING IDAHO BUSINESSES: “Virtual Accelerator” Model
Use successful experience with programs of deep, transformative experiential learning
(TEAMS) to combine multi-major, multi-school program (eg, Georgia Tech, Purdue,
UCLA) with mentor/coach-intensive accelerator model (eg, TechStars , Y-Combinator.)
Basic Model: Student teams matched with nascent entrepreneurs. Team goal is to
help accelerate the business’s development, ideally resulting in validating business
model and resulting external funding or strategic partnering.
Step 1: Recruitment.
* Identify highly promising startups, students (and faculty) and expert mentors
Step 2: Launching.
* ‘Kickoff’ weekend with multi-day entrepreneurship boot camp (shareable with a
broader audience.) Student present on proposed “battle plans” to murder board.
Step 3: The Work.
* Student teams get to work back home. Program directors assist in identifying local &
national mentors . Course material is presented using distance learning technology
Step 4. The Celebration.
* Student teams return for a celebration (competition?) of team achievements.
Second boot camp (also shareable).