2. Learning Objectives
• Understand the impact of diabetes
• Distinguish the different types of Diabetes
• Identify treatment options for diabetes
management
• Identify methods of applying the Chronic
Care Model to diabetes self-management
• Describe tools which health care providers
can use to empower patients
3. Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic
disease, which occurs when
the pancreas does not
produce enough insulin, or
when the body cannot
effectively use the insulin it
produces. This leads to an
increased concentration of
glucose in the blood
4. Diabetes
• Type 1
• Type 2
• Gestational
• LADA: Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of
Aging
• Pre-Diabetes
• Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)
• Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG)
5.
6. Risk Factors for Diabetes
Type 1 Type 2
• Under 30 • Older age
• Genetics • Overweight
• Autoimmune • Hypertension
• Environment • Abnormal lipid levels
• Viral • Genetics
infection • Race/ethnicity
• History of gestational diabetes
• History of vascular disease
• Inactivity
13. Importance of Testing Blood Sugars
• Testing blood
glucose
• Alternate times
• Develop a pattern
• Be sure to include 2
hours post prandial
• Record the numbers
• Discuss at visits
• Use to revise
treatment plan
14.
15. Chronic Care Model and
Diabetes
o The patient becomes knowledgeable and the expert in
diabetes and its complications
o The patient understands the importance of taking control
of their diabetes
o The patient has people who are important to them and
their management of diabetes and the provider includes
them as the patient wants
o The provider will take time to build a relationship with the
patient and understands their beliefs, values, culture
17. Using the 5 “A’s” With Diabetes
• Assess
• Advise
• Agree
• Assist
• Arrange
18. 4 Important Lessons Patient
Need to Learn
• Their illness is serious
• Their condition is essentially self-
managed
• They have options
• They can change their behavior
19. Helping Patients Set Goals
• Start at the problem
• Develop a collaborative goal
• Validate their goal and plan
20. Old Model vs New Model:
Being put on Insulin
Old Model New Empowering Model
You have been working to
If you don’t start to control your blood glucose,
control your blood but often a patient will
glucose, I am going to need some assistance form
have to put you on insulin. Research shows
insulin and you will that starting someone on
have to take shots. insulin sooner than later,
Your diabetes is not assists them in getting
getting any better. better control. What about
insulin concerns you?
21. World Health Organization and
Diabetes
• The mission of the WHO
Diabetes Program is to
prevent diabetes
• Core Functions
• Diabetes Action Now
• World Diabetes day
22. Summary
• Diabetes is a chronic condition affecting
millions worldwide
• Self-management techniques can delay or
prevent complications
• Empowering the and becoming a partner
with them, will help provide positive
results of control
• Tools were given to assist the provider in
understanding diabetes and thus assisting
their patients
24. Resources
Books:
Diabetes Burnout
Caring for the Diabetic Soul
Organizations:
American Diabetes Association (1-800-DIABETES)
North Carolina Diabetes Association (1-877-362-2678)
